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Rule â 1
Present simple tense āĻ subject third person singular number āĻšāĻ˛ā§ verb āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ˛ā§ s/es āĻ¯ ā§āĻ āĻšā§āĨ¤
He (come) here everyday Ans: He comes here everyday
Mitu (go) to college regularly Ans: Mitu goes to college regularly
Rule â 2
Sentence āĻāĻŋ negative (āĻ¨ā§ āĻ¯āĻŦā§āĻ§āĻ) āĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ subject āĻāĻŋ third person āĻšāĻ˛ā§ subject āĻāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° does not āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¸āĨ¤ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻŽā§ā§
verb āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¸āĨ¤
He (not come) everyday Ans: He does not come everyday
Note: āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ˛āĻā§āĻ° āĻ¯ā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨āĻ˛āĻŦā§āĻ§āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ¨ āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ā§ subject āĻāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻŦā§ do āĻŦā§ does āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻšā§ āĻāĻŋ sentence āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĻ¤ am/is/are
āĻ¨ā§ āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ
He (come) here everyday? Ans: Does he come here everyday?
He (not come) here everyday? Ans: Doesnât he come here everyday?
You (like) small fish? Ans: Do you like small fish?
Rule â 3
āĻ āĻāĻ§āĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨āĻ˛āĻŋā§ā§āĻ āĻŦā§āĻ˛āĻā§- subject third person singular number āĻšāĻ˛ā§ subject āĻāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° has āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¸āĨ¤
He (have) much money Ans: He has much money
Tina (not have) much money Ans: Tina has not much money Or
Tina does not have much money
āĻ āĻĨā§ā§ā§ does not āĻāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° have āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¸āĨ¤
Rule â 4
āĻ āĻāĻ§āĻā§āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻŋāĻ āĻŦā§āĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨āĻ˛āĻŦā§āĻ§āĻ āĻšāĻ˛ā§ third person āĻāĻ° āĻ¯ā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻ˛āĻŽ does āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻĒāĻ° subject āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻĒāĻ° have āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¸āĨ¤
Ruma has a book? Ans: Does Ruma have a book? Or
Has Ruma a book?
Rule â 5
āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¨ sentence āĻ now, right now, at this moment, at this very moment āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ā§ subject āĻāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° am/is/are āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¸
āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻĒāĻ° verb āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ˛ā§ ing ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
It (rain) now Ans: It is raining now
We (take) rest at this moment Ans: We are taking rest at this moment
What you (do) right now Ans: What are you doing right now?
Rule â 6
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āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ˛āĻā§ recently (āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻ¤), yet (āĻāĻāĻ˛āĻ¨ā§), just (āĻāĻ āĻŽā§ā§), already (āĻāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻ˛āĻ§ā§), earlier (āĻāĻ˛āĻ), today āĻāĻ¤ā§ā§āĻāĻŋ āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ā§
present perfect tense āĻšā§ āĻ āĻĨā§ā§ā§ subject āĻāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° have/has āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻĒāĻ° verb āĻāĻ° past participle form āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¸āĨ¤
Nupur (change) her house recently Ans: Nupur has changed her house recently
He (not take) decision yet Ans: He has not taken decision yet
(āĻ¯āĻ¸ āĻāĻāĻ˛āĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻ¸āĻĻā§āĻ§ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻāĻ¨)
We (do) the work already Ans: We have done the work already
I (not see) him earlier Ans: I have not seen him earlier
We (do) the work today Ans: We have done the work today
He (come) just now Ans: He has come just now
I just (have) my meal Ans: I have just had my meal
Rule â 7
Have/has āĻāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° be verb āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¤ā§ been āĻšā§
He has (be) a leader Ans: He has been a leader (āĻāĻ¤āĻāĻ¨ āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ¨)
We have (be) here for last five years Ans: We have been here for last five years
(āĻāĻŽāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻ¤ āĻĒā§āĻžāĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ° āĻ§āĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻā§āĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻāĻā§)
Rule â 8
āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¨ sentence āĻ period of time āĻ¯ āĻŽāĻ¨ for ten years, since 2010, for many days, for three days etc āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ā§
present perfect continuous tense āĻāĻ° āĻšā§ āĻ āĻĨā§ā§ā§ subject āĻāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° have been/has been āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¸āĨ¤ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻĒāĻ° verb āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ˛ā§
ing ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
We (live) here for five years Ans: We have been living here for five years
It (rain) for three days Ans: It has been raining for three days
He (do) the job since 2010 Ans: He has been doing the job since 2010
Rule â 9
āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¨ sentence āĻ āĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ¨āĻ˛āĻŋā§ā§āĻ ā§āĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¯ āĻŽāĻ¨ yesterday, the day before yesterday, last night, one year ago etc
āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ā§ verb āĻāĻ° past form āĻšā§
The accident (happen) yesterday Ans: The accident happened yesterday
The man (die) yesterday Ans: The man died yesterday
We (do) the work a few days ago Ans: We did the work a few days ago
Rule â 10
āĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ¨āĻ˛āĻŋā§ā§āĻ sentence āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŋ negative (āĻ¨ā§ āĻ¯āĻŦā§āĻ§āĻ) āĻšā§ āĻ¤ā§āĻšāĻ˛ā§ did not āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¸ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻŽā§ā§ verb āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¸āĨ¤
He (not come) yesterday Ans: He did not come yesterday
They (not seek) our help last night Ans: They did not seek our help last night
Rule â 11
āĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ¨āĻ˛āĻŋā§ā§āĻ ā§āĻŦā§āĻĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨āĻ˛āĻŦā§āĻ§āĻ āĻšā§ āĻ¤ā§āĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻ˛āĻŽ did āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¸āĨ¤ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻĒāĻ° subject āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻŽā§ā§ verb āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¸āĨ¤
You (went) there yesterday? Ans: Did you go there yesterday?
He (lay) on the floor yesterday? Ans: Did he lie on the floor yesterday?
Rule â 12
āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¨ sentence āĻ then āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻ§ā§āĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ past continuous tense āĻāĻ° āĻšā§
What you (do) then? Ans: What were you doing then?
Rule â 13
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āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¨ sentence āĻ before āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ sentence āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻŋā§āĻāĻŋ clause āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ā§ before āĻāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻŦā§ past perfect tense (had +
verb pp) āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¸ āĻāĻŦāĻ before āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ°āĻ° āĻ āĻāĻ˛ā§ past simple tense (verb āĻāĻ° past form) āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¸āĨ¤
We (reach) the station before the sun rose
Ans: We had reached the station before the sun rose
Rule â 14
āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¨ sentence āĻ after āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ after āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻ˛āĻ°āĻāĻāĻŋ clause āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ā§ after āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° had āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻĒāĻ° verb āĻāĻ° pp
āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¸āĨ¤
We reached our home after the sun (rise)
Ans: We reached our home after the sun had risen
āĻāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ before/after āĻāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻ¸āĻāĻ° āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¨ verb āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻ¯āĻ¸āĻ verb āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ˛ā§ ing ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
We will phone you after (go) home Ans: We will phone you after going home
I cannot tell you anything before (go) there
Ans: I cannot tell you anything before going there
Rule â 15
āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¨ sentence āĻ unitl āĻ āĻĨāĻŦā§ till āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ¯āĻ¸āĻ until āĻ āĻĨāĻŦā§ till āĻāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻŦā§ present āĻ āĻĨāĻŦā§ future tense āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ āĻĒāĻ°
āĻ āĻāĻ˛ā§ present tense āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¸āĨ¤
We will wait here until you (return) Ans: We will wait here until you return
Donât go out till I (tell) you Ans: Donât go out till I tell you
Rule â 16
Until āĻ āĻĨāĻŦā§ till āĻāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻŦā§āĻ° āĻ āĻā§ past tense āĻāĻ° āĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻ āĻĒāĻ° āĻ āĻā§āĻ past tense āĻāĻ° āĻšā§
They waited until I (return) Ans: They waited until I returned
We were working till it (be) 10:30 pm Ans: We were working till it was 10:30 pm
He kept them waiting till the sun (set) Ans: He kept them waiting till the sun set
Rule â 17
āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻā§āĻ āĻāĻāĻŦā§ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻŋā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛āĻŦ āĻŦā§āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ subject āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° shall be/will be āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¸ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻĒāĻ° verb āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ˛ā§ ing ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
We will be (wait) for them Ans: We will be waiting for them
Rule â 18
āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¨ modal (āĻ¯ āĻŽāĻ¨ can, could, may, might, should, would, ought to, need, might, must etc) āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻŽā§ā§ verb
āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¸āĨ¤
He should (did) the work Ans: He should do the work
They could (informed) us the matter Ans: They could inform us the matter
We ought to (respected) our teachers Ans: We ought to respect our teachers
Rule â 19
āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¨ modal āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻŋ have āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¨ verb āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻšāĻ˛ā§ verb āĻāĻ° past participle form āĻšā§
We should have (do) the work Ans: We should have done the work
He should have (be) conscious Ans: He should have been conscious
Note: be āĻāĻ° pp form āĻšā§ been
You should have (have) sufficient money Ans: You should have had sufficient money
Rule â 20
Passive idea āĻŦā§āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŽā§ verb āĻāĻ° past participle form āĻšā§
The bridge (construct) last year Ans: The bridge was constructed last year
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Note: passive āĻŦā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻšāĻ āĻāĻĒā§ā§ āĻšā§ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§ subject āĻāĻ¨āĻ˛āĻ āĻā§āĻ āĻāĻ˛āĻ° āĻ¨ā§, āĻ āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻĻā§āĻŦā§āĻ°ā§ āĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
He was (hang) for murder Ans: He was hanged for murder
The exam (hold) yesterday Ans: The exam was held yesterday
The machine has (repair) The machine has been repaired
A liar (hate) by all Ans: A liar is hated by all
English (speak) all over the world Ans: English is spoken all over the world
The work should (do) tomorrow Ans: The work should be done tomorrow
The work should (do) yesterday Ans: The work should have been done yesterday
The room has (paint) Ans: The room has been painted
The cuckoo (find) in the spring Ans: The cuckoo is found in the spring
Rule â 21
Used to āĻĻā§āĻŦā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤āĻ° āĻ āĻā§ā§āĻ¸ āĻŦā§āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻŽā§ā§ verb āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¸āĨ¤
He used to (doing) the work Ans: He used to do the work
āĻāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ used to āĻāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻŦā§ get āĻ āĻĨāĻŦā§ am/is/are, was/were āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ā§ verb āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ˛ā§ ing ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
He is used to (smoke) Ans: He is used to smoking
He got used to (tell) a lie Ans: He got used to telling a lie
Rule â 22
āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¨ simple sentence āĻ āĻŋā§āĻāĻŋ verb āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻĻā§āĻŦāĻ¤ā§ā§ verb āĻāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻŦā§ to āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¸ āĻ āĻĨāĻŦā§ āĻāĻĻā§āĻŦāĻ¤ā§ā§ verb āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ˛ā§ ing ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
āĻāĻ˛ā§ā§ā§ āĻŦā§ āĻā§āĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦā§āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ to āĻāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻ°āĻ¤ āĻŦā§ āĻā§āĻ˛āĻāĻ° āĻ§āĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦā§āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ ing ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
We come here (learn) English Ans: We come here to learn English
āĻāĻŽāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻā§āĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻāĻāĻ¸ āĻāĻāĻ˛āĻ°āĻāĻ āĻā§āĻāĻ˛āĻ¤āĨ¤ āĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻŽā§āĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻāĻ˛ā§ā§ā§ āĻŦā§āĻā§āĻ˛ā§āĨ¤
I found the farmer (plough) the land Ans: I found the farmer ploughing the land
āĻāĻāĻŽ āĻā§ ā§āĻāĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĻ āĻāĻāĻŽ āĻŋā§ā§ āĻāĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻ¯āĻŋāĻā§ā§āĻŽāĨ¤ āĻāĻĒāĻ˛āĻ°āĻ° āĻŦā§āĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻŦā§āĻ°ā§ āĻā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻ°āĻ¤ āĻŦā§āĻā§āĻ˛ā§āĨ¤
Rule â 23
āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¨ simple sentence āĻ get, feel, āĻāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻāĻ˛āĻ°āĻāĻāĻŋ verb āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯āĻ¸āĻ verb āĻāĻ° past participle form āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¸āĨ¤
He got (involve) in politics Ans: He got involved in politics
He feels (insult) here Ans: He feels insulted here
Rule â 24
Having āĻāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° verb āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ā§ verb āĻāĻ° past participle form āĻšā§āĨ¤
āĻ¯ āĻŽāĻ¨: Having (hear) the news, he started weeping
Ans: Having heard the news, he started weeping
Rule â 25
Being āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° verb āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ā§ verb āĻāĻ° past participle form āĻšā§āĨ¤
Being (torture) by his master, he left his job
Ans: Being tortured by his master, he left his job
Rule â 26
To āĻāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° verb āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻ§ā§āĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ āĻŽā§ā§ verb āĻāĻšāĻ˛āĻ¸āĻ˛āĻŦ āĻŦā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ¤ āĻšā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻ¨āĻŽā§āĻ¨āĻā§āĻāĻāĻ¤ āĻ¯ā§āĻ˛ā§ to āĻāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° verb āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯āĻ¸āĻ verb
āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ˛ā§ ing ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
Objection to + verb āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ˛ā§ ing
I have no objection to (walk)
Ans: I have no objection to walking
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Look forward to + verb āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ˛ā§ ing
I am looking forward to (hear) from you
Ans: I am looking forward to hearing from you
Prior to + verb āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ˛ā§ ing
Prior to (leave) the country, the minister said so
Ans: Prior to leaving the country, the minister said so
With a view to + verb āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ˛ā§ ing
We come here with a view to (learn) English
Ans: We come here with a view to learning English
Addicted to + verb āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ˛ā§ ing
The man is addicted to (gamble)
Ans: The man is addicted to gambling
Accustomed to + verb āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ˛ā§ ing
The poor are accustomed to (endure) sufferings
Ans: The poor are accustomed to enduring sufferings
Rule â 27
Preposition (on, in, at, of, with, without, before, after, about etc) āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¨ verb āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯āĻ¸āĻ verb āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ˛ā§
ing ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
We went on (walk) until we found them Ans: We went on walking until we found them
There is no harm in (do) the work Ans: There is no harm in doing the work
I never thought of (go) there Ans: I never thought of going there
Without (work) hard, you cannot succeed Ans: Without working hard, you cannot succeed
I cannot tell you anything before (go) there Ans: I cannot tell you anything before going there
Rule â 28
No sooner + had + subject + verb pp + ------- than + subject + verb āĻāĻ° past form
No sooner had the students (see) the teacher than they stood up
Ans: No sooner had the students seen the teacher than they stood up
No sooner had the thief seen the police than he (flee) away
Ans: No sooner had the thief seen the police than he fled away
Rule â 29
Scarcely had + subject + verb pp ----------- when + subject + verb āĻāĻ° past form āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¸
Scarcely had we (reach) there when the train left
Ans: Scarcely had we reached there when the train left
Rule â 30
Hardly had + subject + verb pp ----------- before + subject + verb āĻāĻ° past form āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¸
Hardly had we (reach) there before the train left
Ans: Hardly had we reached there before the train left
Rule â 31
āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ˛āĻā§ since āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ since āĻāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ āĻā§ present tense āĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻ āĻĒāĻ° āĻ āĻā§ past simple tense āĻšā§āĨ¤
Three years have passed since he (leave) Bangladesh
Ans: Three years have passed since he left Bangladesh
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It is many days since he (come) to Bangladesh
Ans: It is many days since he came to Bangladesh
Rule â 32
āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¨ sentence āĻ it was long since āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ āĻĒāĻ° āĻ āĻāĻ˛ā§ had + verb pp āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¸
It was long since we (meet) him Ans: It was long since we had met him
Rule â 33
Had better, would better, had rather, would rather, let āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻāĻĻā§āĻŦāĻ¤ā§ā§ verb āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻŦā§ to āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¸ āĻ¨ā§āĨ¤
We had better (to leave) the place Ans: We had better leave the place
They had rather (to stay) tonight Ans: They had rather stay tonight
Let him (to do) the work Ans: Let him do the work
Rule â 34
It is time, it is high time, fancy (āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻ°ā§) āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ˛āĻā§ āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ āĻĒāĻ° āĻ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ° verb āĻāĻ° past form āĻšā§āĨ¤
It is time they (change) their decision Ans: It is time they changed their decision
It is high time we (earn) our livelihood Ans: It is high time we earned our livelihood
I fancy I (turn) a triffle pale Ans: I fancy I turned a triffle pale
(āĻāĻŽā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻšā§ āĻāĻāĻŽ āĻāĻāĻŋā§ āĻāĻŦāĻŦāĻŖā§ āĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯āĻā§ā§āĻŽ)
Rule â 35
āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ˛āĻā§ I wish āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ āĻĒāĻ° āĻ āĻāĻ˛ā§ be verb āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¤ā§ were āĻšā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ āĻ¨ā§ verb āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¤ā§āĻ° past form āĻšā§āĨ¤
I wish I (am) a bird Ans: I wish I were a bird
Rule â 36
āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ˛āĻā§ cannot help, could not help āĻāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° verb āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻ˛āĻĨ ing ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
I cannot help (go) there Ans: I cannot help going there
Rule â 37
āĻāĻāĻ āĻŋā§āĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ singular āĻāĻšāĻ˛āĻ¸āĻ˛āĻŦ āĻŦā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ¤ āĻšā§
Three hundred kilometres (be) a long distance
Ans: Three hundred kilometres is a long distance
Rule â 38
While āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻ¸āĻāĻ° āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¨ verb āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ verb āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ˛ā§ ing ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻšā§ āĻāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ while āĻāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻāĻŋ subject āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¤ā§
continuous tense āĻšā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻšā§ present continuous āĻ āĻĨāĻŦā§ past continuous tense āĻāĻ° āĻšā§āĨ¤
I saw him while (go) to school Ans: I saw him while going to school
We met him while we (go) to college Ans: We met him while we were going to college
Donât disturb your falher while he (sleep) Ans: Donât disturb your father while he is sleeping
Note: While āĻāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻŦā§āĻ° āĻ āĻā§āĻŋā§ present tense āĻāĻ° āĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ°āĻ° āĻ āĻā§āĻāĻŋ present continuous āĻāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ while āĻāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻŦā§āĻ° āĻ āĻā§āĻŋā§
past tense āĻāĻ° āĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ°āĻ° āĻ āĻā§āĻāĻŋ past continuous tense āĻāĻ° āĻšā§āĨ¤
Rule â 39
āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻŦā§āĻ˛āĻā§ as if, as though āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻŦā§ present tense āĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻ āĻĒāĻ° āĻ āĻāĻ˛ā§ past simple tense āĻāĻ° āĻšā§āĨ¤
He behaves as if he (know) everything Ans: He behaves as if he knew everything
āĻāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ as if, as though āĻāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻŦā§āĻ° āĻ āĻā§āĻāĻŋ past tense āĻāĻ° āĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻ āĻĒāĻ° āĻ āĻāĻ˛ā§ had + verb pp āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¸
He behaved as if he (know) everything Ans: He behaved as if he had known everything
Rule â 40
Nothing but, would rather āĻāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° verb āĻāĻ° base form āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¸
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He did nothing but (sing) the whole day Ans: He did nothing but sing the whole day
He would rather (die) than beg Ans: He would rather die than beg
Rule â 41
Belong (āĻ āĻāĻ§āĻā§āĻ˛āĻ° āĻĨā§āĻā§), continue, issue, die, occur, appear, disappear, (āĻ āĻŋā§ā§ā§ āĻšāĻ˛ā§ ā§āĻā§ā§) ensue (āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ¤ā§ā§ āĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§
āĻāĻšāĻ˛āĻ¸āĻ˛āĻŦ āĻāĻŋā§) āĻāĻ¤ā§ā§āĻāĻŋ verb āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ā§āĻ° passive form āĻšā§ āĻ¨ā§āĨ¤
The house (belong) to my father Ans: The house belongs to my father
The thief (disappear) within two minutes Ans: The thief disappeared within two minutes
Rule â 42
Resort to (āĻāĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻā§ā§ āĻŦā§ āĻ āĻŦā§āĻŽā§āĻŦāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§), devoted to āĻāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° verb āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ˛ā§ ing ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
The thief resorted to (steal) money and ornaments
Ans: The thief resorted to stealing money and ornaments
Rule â 43
get / have / want + object āĻāĻ°āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° verb āĻāĻ° past participle form āĻšā§āĨ¤
He wanted the work (do) Ans: He wanted the work done
They had the house (paint) Ans: They had the house painted
Rule â 44
By this time /By + āĻāĻāĻŦā§ā§ā§ āĻāĻ¨āĻ˛āĻŋā§ā§āĻ āĻ¸āĻŽā§ (by sunday, by evening) āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻŦā§āĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻ§ā§āĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ future perfect tense
āĻšā§āĨ¤
They (reach) by this time Ans: They will have reached by this time
They (return) by Monday Ans: They will have returned by Monday
Rule â 45
That āĻāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻŦā§āĻ° clause āĻāĻŋ past simple tense āĻ āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ that āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ°āĻ° clause āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ¨āĻ˛āĻŋā§ā§āĻ ā§āĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¤ā§
āĻ¸ā§āĻ§ā§āĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ past perfect tense āĻāĻ° āĻšā§āĨ¤
He said that he (visit) the Tajmahal last year
Ans: He said that he had visited the Tajmahal last year
Rule â 46
That āĻāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻŦā§ past simple tense āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° next month āĻāĻ¤ā§ā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻŦā§ā§ā§ āĻāĻ¨āĻ˛āĻŋā§ā§āĻ ā§āĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ā§ that āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° would +
āĻŽā§ā§ verb āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¸āĨ¤
He said that he (do) the work next week
Ans: He said that he would do the work next week
Note: that āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻŋ āĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ¨āĻ˛āĻŋā§ā§āĻ āĻ āĻĨāĻŦā§ āĻāĻāĻŦā§ā§ā§ āĻāĻ¨āĻ˛āĻŋā§ā§ āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¨ ā§āĻ˛āĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¨ā§ āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻšāĻ˛ā§ would + āĻŽā§ā§ verb āĻŦāĻ¸āĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤
He said that he (complete) the work
Ans: He said that he would complete the work
Rule â 47
If clause āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŋ present tense āĻšā§ āĻ¤āĻ˛āĻŦ āĻ āĻĒāĻ° clause āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ future simple tense āĻāĻ°āĨ¤ āĻ āĻĨā§ā§ā§ āĻ āĻĒāĻ° clause āĻāĻŋāĻ° āĻ¯ā§āĻ˛ā§
will + āĻŽā§ā§ verb āĻŦāĻ¸āĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤
Examples
If you come, I will go ( āĻāĻŋ āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻŽ āĻāĻ¸, āĻāĻāĻŽ ā§āĻŦ)
If you donât come, I wonât go ( āĻāĻŋ āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻŽ āĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻ¸, āĻāĻāĻŽ ā§āĻŦ āĻ¨ā§)
If anyone takes poison, he will die (āĻ¯āĻāĻ āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŦā§ āĻā§ā§, āĻ¯āĻ¸ āĻŽā§āĻ°ā§ ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ)
If you go away now, I will mind ( āĻāĻŋ āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻŽ āĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻŋāĻ˛ā§ ā§āĻ, āĻāĻāĻŽ āĻ°ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĻŦ)
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If you make me understand this difficult sum, I will feed you
( āĻāĻŋ āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻŽ āĻāĻŽā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻāĻ āĻāĻāĻŋā§ āĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻāĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻŋā§āĻ, āĻāĻāĻŽ āĻ¯āĻ¤ā§āĻŽā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻā§āĻā§ā§āĻŦ)
If you wet in the rain, you will catch cold (āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻŽ āĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻāĻāĻ, āĻ¯āĻ¤ā§āĻŽā§āĻ° āĻ ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§ ā§ā§āĻāĻ˛āĻŦ)
If you make noise, you will be punished ( āĻāĻŋ āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻŽ āĻ¯āĻā§ā§āĻŽā§ā§ āĻāĻ°, āĻ¯āĻ¤ā§āĻŽā§āĻ˛āĻ ā§ā§āĻāĻŋ āĻ¯āĻŋāĻā§ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ)
If you donât go there, you wonât get your due money (āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻŽ āĻāĻŋ āĻ¯āĻ¸āĻā§āĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻ¨ā§ ā§āĻ āĻ¯āĻ¤ā§āĻŽā§āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻāĻ¨ā§ āĻŋā§āĻā§ āĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻŦ āĻ¨ā§)
If you go on foot, it will take more time ( āĻāĻŋ āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻŽ āĻ¯āĻšāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻŋ ā§āĻ āĻ¯āĻ¤ā§āĻŽā§āĻ° āĻ¯āĻŦāĻā§ āĻ¸āĻŽā§ ā§ā§āĻāĻ˛āĻŦ)
Rule â 48
If clause āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŋ past simple tense āĻāĻ° āĻšā§ āĻ¤ā§āĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻ āĻĒāĻ° clause āĻāĻŋāĻ° subject āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° would + āĻŽā§ā§ verb āĻŦāĻ¸āĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤
Examples
If you came yesterday, you would meet her (āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻŽ āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ¤āĻā§ā§ āĻāĻ¸āĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻ¤ā§āĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻ˛āĻĨ āĻ¯āĻŋāĻā§ āĻšāĻ¤)
If you didnât come, he would rebuke you (āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻŽ āĻāĻŋ āĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻ¸āĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻ¯āĻ¸ āĻ¯āĻ¤ā§āĻŽā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻŦāĻā§ āĻāĻŋāĻ¤)
If you misbehaded, you would be punished (āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻŽ āĻāĻŋ āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻĒ āĻŦā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻ¯āĻ¤ā§āĻŽā§āĻ˛āĻ ā§ā§āĻāĻŋ āĻ¯āĻŋāĻā§ā§ āĻšāĻ¤)
If I went to Titu, I would get some notes (āĻāĻāĻŽ āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŋāĻŋā§ āĻ° āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯ āĻ¤ā§āĻŽ, āĻāĻāĻŽ āĻāĻā§ā§ āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻŽ)
If you didnât come in time, you would miss the train (āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻŽ āĻāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻ¸āĻ˛āĻ¤, āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻŽ āĻ¯ā§āĻ¨āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻ¸ āĻāĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤)
If they came to me, I would help them ( āĻāĻŋ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§ āĻāĻŽā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻ¸āĻ¤, āĻāĻāĻŽ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ°āĻ˛āĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻšā§ ā§ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĻŽ)
Rule â 49
If clause āĻāĻŋ past perfect tense (had + verb āĻāĻ° past participle form) āĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻ āĻĒāĻ° āĻ āĻāĻ˛ā§ would have āĻŦāĻ¸āĻ˛āĻŦ āĻāĻŦāĻ
verb āĻāĻŋāĻ° past participle form āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤
Examples
If I had seen Shimul, I would have informed him (āĻāĻāĻŽ āĻāĻŋ āĻā§āĻŽā§ā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻ¯āĻŋāĻāĻ¤ā§āĻŽ āĻ¤āĻ˛āĻŦ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŽ)
If the army hadnât been there, many people would have died
( āĻāĻŋ āĻ¯āĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻŦā§āĻāĻšāĻ¨ā§ āĻ¯āĻ¸āĻā§āĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻ¨ā§ āĻĨā§āĻāĻ¤, āĻ āĻ˛āĻ¨āĻ āĻŽā§āĻ¨ā§ā§ āĻŽā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ¯ āĻ¤)
If we hadnât been there, we wouldnât have fallen in danger
(āĻāĻŽāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻŋ āĻ¯āĻ¸āĻā§āĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻ¨ā§ āĻĨā§āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻŽ, āĻ¤āĻ˛āĻŦ āĻāĻŦāĻĒāĻ˛āĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĻŽ āĻ¨ā§)
If they had seen it, they would have told me ( āĻāĻŋ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§ āĻāĻŋā§ āĻ¯āĻŋāĻāĻ¤, āĻ¤āĻ˛āĻŦ āĻāĻŽā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻŦā§āĻ¤)
If he had stolen my pen, he would have been punished (āĻ˛āĻ¸ āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŽā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻŽ āĻŋā§ āĻāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻ ā§ā§āĻāĻŋ āĻ¯āĻŋāĻā§ā§ āĻšāĻ¤)
Note: āĻāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ sentence āĻāĻŋ passive āĻšāĻ˛ā§ would have āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° been āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻĒāĻ° verb pp āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¸āĨ¤ āĻāĻĒāĻ˛āĻ°āĻ° āĻ¯ā§ā§ āĻāĻŋā§āĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻāĻŋāĻ° āĻ¯ā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ°
āĻ āĻā§āĻŋā§ āĻā§ passive voice āĻāĻ° āĻāĻŋā§āĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĨ¤
Rule â 50
If āĻĻā§āĻŦā§āĻ°ā§ āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻā§ā§ āĻŦā§āĻā§ā§ ā§ āĻŦā§āĻŋāĻ˛āĻŦ āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¨āĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻāĻŦ āĻ¨ā§ āĻ¯āĻ¸ āĻ¯ā§āĻ˛ā§ First person (I) āĻāĻŦāĻ Third person (he, she,
it, Babu etc) āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° were āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¸ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ āĻĒāĻ° āĻ āĻāĻ˛ā§ would + āĻŽā§ā§ verb āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¸āĨ¤
Examples
If I were you, I wouldnât do this work (āĻāĻāĻŽ āĻāĻŋ āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻŽ āĻšāĻ¤ā§āĻŽ āĻ¤ā§āĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻ āĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĻŽ āĻ¨ā§)
If I were the opposition leader, I wouldnât call upon hartal
(āĻāĻāĻŽ āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ˛āĻ°ā§āĻ§ā§ āĻŋā§ā§ā§ āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ¤ā§āĻŽ āĻ¤ā§āĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻšāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ā§ āĻĄā§āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻŽ āĻ¨ā§)
If I were a student leader, I would deal with studentsâ problems
(āĻāĻāĻŽ āĻāĻŋ ā§ā§ā§ āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ¤ā§āĻŽ āĻ¤ā§āĻšāĻ˛ā§ ā§ā§ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§ā§ āĻāĻ¨āĻ˛ā§ āĻā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĻŽ)
If he were a mere baby, we wouldnât raise any question
( āĻāĻŋ āĻ¯āĻ¸ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ¯āĻā§āĻā§ āĻšāĻ¤ āĻāĻŽāĻ°ā§ āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻ¤ā§ ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŽ āĻ¨ā§)
If Mr. Salimuddin were honest, he couldnât make three houses in Dhaka city
(āĻ¸āĻā§āĻŽā§āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§āĻ˛āĻšāĻŦ āĻāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻĸā§āĻā§ ā§āĻšāĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻ¤āĻ¨āĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ¨ā§)
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Exception: Natural āĻŦā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻā§ āĻāĻ¤āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻ¯ā§āĻ˛ā§ If āĻŦā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻ āĻĒāĻ° āĻ āĻā§āĻāĻŋ present tense āĻāĻ° āĻšā§
If water is heated, it turns into vapour (āĻĒā§āĻāĻ¨āĻ˛āĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻĒ āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¤ā§ āĻŦā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻĒāĻāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ āĻšā§)
Rule â 51
âHadâ āĻĻā§āĻŦā§āĻ°ā§āĻ âIfâ conditional āĻāĻ° āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ°ā§āĻĒ sentence āĻāĻ āĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§ ā§ā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻŋā§āĻāĻŋ structure āĻ°āĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§āĨ¤ āĻĨā§āĻžāĻ
Had + subject + extention āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ āĻĒāĻ° āĻ āĻāĻ˛ā§ would + āĻŽā§ā§ verb
Examples:
(i) Had I much money, I would help the poor
(āĻāĻŽā§āĻ° āĻāĻŋ āĻ āĻ˛āĻ¨āĻ āĻŋā§āĻā§ āĻĨā§āĻāĻ¤ āĻāĻāĻŽ āĻŋāĻāĻ°āĻĻā§āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻšā§ ā§ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĻŽ)
(ii) Had I the wings of a bird, I would fly in the sky
(āĻāĻŽā§āĻ° āĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻāĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻĄā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻĨā§āĻāĻ¤ āĻāĻāĻŽ āĻāĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻŽ)
(iii) Had he enough strength, he would win the match
(āĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻāĻŋ āĻ āĻ˛āĻ¨āĻ ā§āĻāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻĨā§āĻāĻ¤, āĻ¯āĻ¸ āĻŽā§ā§āĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻā§ā§ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤)
Rule â 52
Had + subject + verb pp āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ āĻĒāĻ° āĻ āĻāĻ˛ā§ would have + verb pp
Examples:
(i) Had he studied well, he would have passed (āĻ¯āĻ¸ āĻāĻŋ āĻā§ā§āĻā§āĻ˛āĻŦ āĻĒāĻŋā§āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ āĻ¤ā§āĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯āĻ¸ āĻĒā§āĻ¸ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤)
(ii) Had I seen him, I would have told him (āĻāĻāĻŽ āĻāĻŋ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻ¯āĻŋāĻāĻ¤ā§āĻŽ āĻ¤ā§āĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻŦā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŽ)
(iii) Had you been serious, you would have succeeded
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻ˛āĻŽ āĻāĻŽāĻ°ā§ passage āĻāĻā§āĻ˛āĻ° āĻ¯ āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ā§ āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯āĻ¸āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ā§ āĻ¯āĻŋāĻāĻŦāĨ¤ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻĒāĻ° sentence āĻāĻā§āĻ˛āĻ° āĻ¯ āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ā§ āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯āĻ¸āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ā§ āĻ¯āĻŋāĻāĻŦāĨ¤
(1) Kabi Nazrul Govt. College, Dhaka (Test Examination 2012)
Use the correct form of verbs within the brackets in the following sentences:
My return (a) __ (belate) and fog (b) __ (fill) the mountain passages so treacherously that I dared not (c)
__ (drive) at night. The fog (d) __ (hold) the next morning and it (e) __ (be) Monday noon before I reached
the station.
Ans: (a) was belated (b) filled (c) drive (d) held (e) had been
(2) Habibullah Bahar University College, Dhaka (Test Examination 2012)
There (a) __ (be) a law in Bangladesh which (b) __ (forbid) the marriage of a girl before the age of
eighteen, nevertheless the majority of the girls are (c) __ (marry) off before that age. (d) __ (demand)
dowry is also punishable offence, yet the practice (e) __ (go) on unchecked
Ans: (a) is (b) forbids (c) married (d) Demanding (e) is going
(3) Abudharr Ghifari College, Dhaka (Test Examination 2012)
Bangladesh is an independent country. But we (a) __ (not get) our freedom easily. The war of independence
(b) __ (take) place in 1971. Our freedom fighters (c) __ (fight) bravely against the enemies. For their
supreme sacrifice, we (d) __ (get) our freedom. They (e) __ (be) immortal.
Ans: (a) did not get (b) took (c) fought (d) got (e) are
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(4) University Womenâs Federation College, Dhaka (Test Examination 2012)
Man is never (a) __ (satisfy) with what he has (b) __ (know) and (c) __ (see). He (d) __ (want) to see
more and more. This curiosity (e) __ (couple) with this spirit.
Ans: (a) satisfied (b) known (c) seen (d) wants (e) is coupled
(5) R. K. Chowdhury University College, Dhaka (Test Examination 2012)
Alchohol (a) __ (prepare) by fermenting food grains of fruits. It may (b) __ (do) permanent damage to the
liver and the brain. Alchohol also (c) __ (cause) vomitting, severe headache and nausea. If enough alcholol
(d) __ (take), it can harm the stomach, liver and brain cells. People in general should avoid (e) __ (drink)
alchohol.
Ans: (a) is prepared (b) do (c) causes (d) is taken (e) drinking
(6) Pear Ali Degree College, Shripur, Gazipur (Test Examination 2012)
Once the Queen of Belgium (a) __ (invite) Albert Einstein to Brussels. He came by train. When he got off
from the train, he (b) __ (not think) there were gorgeously dressed officials to receive him. The officials
also expected somebody who (c) __ (appear) to be rich and aristocratic to them. They never imagined that
this shabby man (d) __ (be) Einstein himself. So, they went back to the Queen and informed her that he
(e) __ (not come) by the train.
Ans: (a) invited (b) could not think (c) would appear (d) was (e) had not come
(7) Manikganj Govt. Mohila College, Manikganj (Test Examination 2012)
Women (a) __ (play) an important part in (b) __ (mould) the character of their children. There is a saying
in English that the hands that (c) __ (rock) the cradle (d) __ (rule) the world. So every woman (e) __ (be)
a potential mother
Ans: (a) play (b) moulding (c) rock (d) rule (e) is
(8) Netra kona Govt. Mohila College, Netrakona (Test Examination 2012)
We (a) __ (to start) for Chittagong in the morning. Our bus (b) __ (to run) fast. We saw farmers (c) __ (to
work) in the field. The man (d) __ (to sit) beside me looked thoughtful. For his only son he (e) __ (think)
much.
Ans: (a) started (b) ran (c) working (d) sitting (e) thought
(9) Govt. Saadat College, Tangail (Test Examination 2012)
True that man (a) __ (be) the architect of his own fate. He can achieve what he (b) __ (desire) to achieve.
It is wrong to think that manâs life on earth (c) __ (decide) by fate. It is not fate but sincere efforts and
indomitable courage that (d) __ (mould) his fate. There may be ups and downs but he should not (e) __
(lose) heart.
Ans: (a) is (b) desires (c) is decided (d) mould (e) lose
(10) Chittagong College, Chittagong (Test Examination 2012)
It (a) __ (be) hope that keeps life afloat on the sea of the world. It (b) __ (cheer) the mind and keeps us
in our spirit in distress. If hope (c) __ (take) away, the ship of life will surely be (d) __ (wreck) on the
rock of despair. Hope is, therefore, one of the greatest gifts that Almighty has (e) __ (bestow) on us.
Ans: (a) is (b) cheers (c) is taken (d) wrecked (e) bestowed
(11) Agrabad Mohila College, Chittagong (Test Examination 2012)
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Floods often (a) __ (cause) a lot of harms in our country. Especially the poor peopleâs misery (b) __ (know)
no bounds. They (c) __ (lose) their every belonging. They (d) __ (become) homeless and hopeless. Proper
steps should be (e) __ (take) to help them after the floods.
Ans: (a) cause (b) knows (c) lose (d) become (e) taken
(12) Mohila College, Enayet Bazar, Chittagong (Test Examination 2012)
As women (a) __ (constitute) almost 50 percent of our population, they should also be (b) __ (include) in
our development programmes. For the development of the country full participation of the women in the
economic activities (c) __ (be) essential. Women have already (d) __ (prove) their efficiency in some areas.
They (e) __ (worked) not only in the agricultural fields but also in the mills and factories.
Ans: (a) constitute (b) included (c) is (d) proved (e) work
(13) Islamia University College, Chittagong (Test Examination 2012)
Written English (a) __ (to be) not always the same as spoken English. In spoken English, many people (b)
__ (to be) not careful about the way they (c) __ (wording) sentences. The sentences should be (d) __
(write) properly. If not, sentence making will not (e) __ (prove) successful.
Ans: (a) is (b) are (c) are wording (d) written (e) prove
(14) Mirsarai College, Chittagong (Test Examination 2012)
Everybody (a) __ (to desire) success in life but few (b) __ (to attain) it. One of the prime reasons of this
failure is that many people (c) __ (to dare) to take risks. Life (d) __ (to be) not a bed of roses. It is full of
troubles and difficulties. We (e) __ (to face) them with courage.
Ans: (a) desires (b) attain (c) dare not (d) is (e) should face
(15) Gabtoli, Govt. College, Bogra (Test Examination 2012)
The annual prize giving ceremony of our college came off yesterday. It (a) __ (hold) in the college campus.
The function began after the chief guest (b) __ (come). The principal (c) __ (call) the names of the
recipients and the prizes (d) __ (distribute) by the chief guest. This (e) __ (be) over the principal thanked
all.
Ans: (a) was held (b) had come (c) called (d) were distributed (e) being
(16) Shah Makhdum College, Rajshahi (Test Examination 2012)
Smoking is a habit without any benefit at all. It also (a) __ (pollute) our environment. Smoking can affect
a man by (b) __ (cause) many fatal diseases. Even a non-smoker is (c) __ (affect) when someone (d) __
(smoke) before him. So, it is high time we (e) __ (give) up the habit of smoking.
Ans: (a) pollutes (b) causing (c) affected (d) smokes (e) gave
(17) N. S. Govt. College, Natore (Test Examination 2012)
It was my first journey by air. I (a) __ (arrive) the airport about an hour before the flight. The roar of an
aeroplane (b) __ (hear). The plane (c) __ (land) and I (d) __ (take) a speedy move. After a short interval,
the departure of the plane was (e) __ (announce).
Ans: (a) arrived (b) was heard (c) landed (d) took (e) announced
(18) Gobindaganj Degree College, Gaibandha (Test Examination 2012)
My parents (a) __ (be) dear to me. Both of them (b) __ (be) highly educated. My father (c) __ (to work)
at a govt. College and my mother is a bank officer. They are (d) __ (to engage) in professional activities.
At night, we (e) __ (to get) together and feel happy.
Ans: (a) are (b) are (c) works (d) engaged (e) get
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(1) Donât go out while it (rain)
(2) If I (to be) a millionaire
(3) It is high time we (to begin) our journey
(4) The jet plane took off after we (to reach)
(5) Bread and butter (to be) my only breakfast
(6) The boy went away (to weep)
(7) No sooner had the teacher entered the classroom than the students (to stand) up
(8) I just (have) a snack
(9) It was long since I (see) her last
(10)Had he run fast, he (get) the prize
(11)One should not say anything without (know)
(12)Rome was not (build) in a day
(13)I saw the farmer (plough) his field
(14)The agenda (be) carefully set
(15)The man was (hang) for murder
(16)How long you (wait) for me?
(17)I not (chose) my career yet
(18)Ten years have passed since he (meet) me
(19)Syed (drive) his car when he saw his friend
(20)I just (receive) my fatherâs letter
(21)How time (fly)!
(22)If I had much money I (buy) a car
(23)I could not help (laugh)
(24)A liar (hate) by all
(25)The man came here with a view to (visit) the place
(26) I thought that he (succeed)
(27) He worked day and night lest he (fail) in life
(28) The principal as well as the teachers (be) present in the meeting
Answers: (From 1 to 28)
(1) is raining (2) were (3) began (4) had reached (5) is (6) weeping (7) stood (8) I have just
had (9) had seen (10) would have got (11) knowing (12) built (13) ploughing (14) are/were
(15) hanged (16) have you been waiting (17) have not chosen (18) met (19) was driving
(20) have just received (21) does fly (22) would buy (23) laughing (24) is hated (25) visiting
(26) would succeed (27) should fail 28) was
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(29)I had better (leave) the place
(30) Would you mind (have) a cup of tea?
(31)Many years have passed since I (see) you
(32)Anybody (be) not present there
(33)Two and two (make) four
(34)If I were rich, I (help) you
(35)He not yet (do) the work
(36)Fifty taka (be) a good amount
(37)Why Apu (look) so gloomy?
(38)I never thought of (to go) there
(39)The poor (be) born to suffer
(40)What you (do) then?
(41)If he comes, I (to go)
(42)Would that I (to fly)
(43)What you (read) at this moment?
(44)The river has (overflow) its banks
(45)He (suppose) to do the work
(46)The number of students (be) increasing fast
(47)Things half (do) cannot bring good results
(48)In addition to (help) one, he also gave me some important books
(49)Bangla is not (speak) all over the world
(50)I cannot help (do) the work
(51)I am not used to (write) on this rough paper
(52)He was made (do) the work
(53)Had I one crore taka, I (build) a cancer hospital
(54)You had better (to join) the post
(55)The bell went on (ring)
(56)Rubi (prepare) her lessons everyday
(57)Get the picture (hang) in your room
(58)I (not see) him earlier
Answer: (From 29 to 58)
(29) leave (30) having (31) saw (32) was (33) make (34) would help (35) has not yet done (36) is (37) does
Apu look (38) going (39) are (40) are you doing (41) shall/will go (42) could fly (43) are you reading (44)
overflowed (45) is supposed (46) is (47) done (48) helping (49) spoken (50) doing (51) writing (52) to do
(53) would build (54) join (55) ringing (56) prepares (57) hung (58) have not seen
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(59)If you had studied regularly, you (pass) the exam
(60)He will get the work (do) in time
(61)The mother wants the boy (punish)
(62)Who (help) you last year?
(63)He told that he (do) it last month
(64)Man (to be) mortal
(65)The sun (rise) at 5:30 am. tomorrow
(66)Wait here until I (call) you
(67)I saw my friend (walk) in the field
(68)Had you been serious in your study, you (pass) the examination
(69)The new computer (arrive) next week
(70)The writing of good essays (need) creativity
(71)The presence of so many members (astonish) him
(72)Sujan (learn) to drive a car and will soon get his license
(73)Lucky (cook) our dinner already and we can eat now
(74)Anita (sleep) soundly and we should not wake her up
(75)Ratan usually (go) home at 2 oâclock
(76)Ajay (work) and cannot talk to you now
(77)He (strike) me so hard that I fell down
(78)He as well as his friends (be) selfish
(79)He (lie) down as he was tired
(80)The fruit (taste) sweet
(81)I (can) swim when I was young
(82)There is a cow (graze) in the field
(83)Dinner (has serve) in the table for the new guests
(84)You (do) your homework yesterday
(85)This fly-over (construct) in 2003
(86)I prefer writing to (read)
(87)Charity (begin) at home
(88)America (discover) by Columbus
Answer: (From 59 to 88)
(59) would have passed (60) done (61) to be punished (62) helped (63) had done (64) is (65) will rise (66)
call (67) walking (68) would have passed (69) will arrive (70) needs (71) astonished (72) has learnt (73) has
cooked (74) is sleeping (75) goes (76) is working (77) struck (78) is (79) lay (80) tastes (81) could (82)
grazing (83) has been served (84) did (85) was constructed (86) reading (87) begins (88) was discovered
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(89)Each of the girls (be) present
(90)I fancy I (turn) a trifle pale
(91)At that time I (sleep) in my room
(92)All (be) well that ends well
(93)I (leave) for Dhaka tomorrow
(94)Do you know where the clinic (locate)?
(95)I look forward to (receive) your letter
(96)He (see) coming towards us
(97)We (be) here for five years
(98)He left after I (arrive) here
(99)Without (drink) we cannot live
(100) My father is fond of (gossip)
(101) Prevention (be) better than cure
(102) The cuckoo usually (find) in spring
(103) French is not easy (learn)
(104) I (buy) a calculator because I needed it
(105) It began to rain while we (play) cricket
(106) He ran away lest he (catch) red-handed
(107) I have (have) my revenge at last
(108) The jury (be) giving its verdict today
(109) The reading of novels (be) interesting
(110) Had they known, they (be) more frightened
(111) We should have (study) well
(112) The man acts as though he (be) a fool
(113) He heard the news and (burst) into tears
(114) You told me that you (finish) the work
(115) She (find) it at last
(116) When he (reach) home, it had been raining cats and dogs
(117) The bank (locate) at Dhanmondi
(118) We not (eat) anything this morning
(119) Amin (work) the whole day and must be tired
Answer: (From 89 to 119)
(89) was/is (90) turned (91) was sleeping (92) is (93) am leaving (94) is located (95) receiving (96) was seen
(97) have been (98) had arrived (99) drinking (100) gossiping (101) is (102) is found (103) to learn (104)
bought (105) were playing (106) should be caught (107) had (108) is (109) is (110) would have been (111)
studied (112) were (113) burst (114) would finish (115) found (116) reached (117) is located (118) have not
eaten (119) has worked
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(120) The mechanic (repair) the pump and it is working now
(121) Their family (live) in Dhaka for the last five years
(122) The children came to us (run)
(123) His choice of words (be) excellent
(124) Would that I (enter) the room
(125) If he ran fast, he (get) a prize
(126) Would that I (fly) in the sky
(127) It is likely to (rain) today
(128) Education aims at (enlighten) individuals
(129) He walks fast lest he (be) late
(130) I (be) a school student in 2004
(131) Chilly air (blow) in winter
(132) He proceeded as though I (not speak)
(133) One third of the work (finish)
(134) Had you wanted, I (help) you
(135) Had possessed much wealth, I (help) the poor
(136) If he (work) silently, he could finish the task more quickly
(137) It (rain) heavily in rainy season
(138) Nobody adores a (set) sun
(139) I would have done well if I (to go) there
(140) (Hit) the iron while it is hot
(141) Had you been regular in the classes you (feel) easy today
(142) The old sailor (sail) away until they arrived in the cold grey sea
(143) (complete) his task, he went away
(144) The wages of sin (be) death
(145) It (rain) since morning
(146) There (be) a law in Bangladesh
(147) It (forbid) the marriage of girl before the age of eighteen
(148) Nevertheless the majority of girls are (marry) off before the age
Answer: (From 120 to 148)
(120) has repaired (121) has been living (122) running (123) is (124) entered (125) would get (126) flew
(127) rain (128) enlightening (129) should be (130) was (131) blows (132) had not spoken (133) has been
finished (134) would have helped (135) would have helped (136) worked (137) rains (138) setting (139) if I
had gone (140) Hit (141) would have felt (142) sailed (143) completing (144) is (145) has been raining (146)
is (147) forbids (148) married
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(149) (Demand) dowry is also a punishable offence
(150) Yet the practice (go) on unchecked
(151) I am used to (take) tea everyday
(152) Thousands of people (kill) in the liberation war
(153) I was made (do) this
(154) The teacher was angry upon him for he not (do) his work properly
(155) The sun (set), they went home
(156) He got his leg (break)
(157) I went back to work (close) the door
(158) Slow and steady (win) the race
(159) I (have) my breakfast before I came to college
(160) I did not know that it (happen) yesterday
(161) Mumps (be) a terrible disease
(162) One of the boys (be) absent yesterday
(163) The colour of the mangoes (look) beautiful
(164) You (see) her lately?
(165) Addiction (give) rise to social crimes
(166) The new newspaper is worth (read)
(167) I wish Mr. Rahman (be) here now
(168) I (do) my home work all the morning
(169) What his box (contain)?
(170) She (be) in Dhaka 20 years ago
(171) Mana a student (neglect) his studies
(172) Had I (know) you earlier
(173) As she (leave) school, she saw a big crowd on the street
(174) Sharif was playing cricket, when the ball (hit) him
(175) One should read only what one (like)
(176) When he woke up, it (rain)
(177) We expected that Bangladesh (win) the world cup cricket
(178) When he found me, he (act) crazy
Answer: (From 149 to 178)
(149) to demand (150) goes (151) taking (152) were killed (153) to do (154) did not (155) having set (156)
broken (157) closing (158) wins (159) had had (160) happened (161) is (162) was (163) looks (164) have
seen (165) gives (166) reading (167) were (168) have done (169) does contain (170) was (171) neglects (172)
known (173) left (174) hit (175) likes (176) was raining (177) would win (178) acted
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(179) He did nothing but (sing) all day
(180) Football (play) between two teams
(181) I wish I (be) a doctor
(182) Civics (be) my favourite subject
(183) The majority of the students (be) bright
(184) The police (be) the friends of the public
(185) You (watch) television often?
(186) Today she (weigh) twenty-one pound
(187) No sooner had I (see) him than I told him the matter
(188) Long ago, there (live) a king in a country
(189) Trees (plant) in the rainy season
(190) If I (have) any ability, I would have helped you
(191) It (believe) that he was an honest man
(192) Please keep the machine (run)
(193) You know where he (live)?
(194) He is used to (memorize) the lesson
(195) Globalization (base) on capitalism
(196) He (punish) yesterday for his dishonesty
(197) I (see) her long since
(198) When you (come) last night?
(199) God (create) human beings
(200) He has (give) them freedom of choice
(201) He not (like) them sitting idle
(202) Allah helps those who (help) themselves
(203) Hence it (say) that self help is the best help
(204) It (rain) for two days
(205) I who (be) your friend, will help you
(206) It was long since I (meet) you last
(207) Where you (go) now?
(208) The principal and the secretary (be) present in the meeting
Answer: (From 179 to 208)
(179) sing (180) is played (181) were (182) is (183) is (184) are (185) do you watch (186) has weighed (187)
seen (188) lived (189) are planted (190) had had (191) is believed (192) running (193) do you know where he
lives (194) memorizing (195) is based (196) was punished (197) saw (198) did you come (199) has created (200)
given (201) does not like (202) help (203) is said (204) has been raining (205) am (206) had met (207) are going
(208) were