Energy efficiency in hospitals
Rob van Heur (rob.vanheur@laborelec.com)
Marcel Didden (marcel.didden@laborelec.com)
From innovation to operational
assistance
LABORELEC

Content
1. Introduction
2. HVAC
3. Compressed air
4. Steam
5. Lighting
6. Cogeneration
7. Summary
LABORELEC
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Introduction
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Who is Laborelec ?
Technical competence center and laboratory within GdFSuez
• Métier = Electrical Power
– Power generation / T&D / energy end-use
• 230 researchers and technical specialists
– Growing +15%/year
Applied research and technical assistance
• Turnover 38 MEUR
– Strong growth International
• For shareholders and third party customers
– 20% of turnover outside GdFSUEZ
• Innovation for Value Creation
• Focused on Sustainable Energy Technology
LABORELEC
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Hospital Energy balance
Other
22%
Kitchen Heating
4% 43%
Cooling
5%
Lighting
21% Hot water
5%
LABORELEC
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Benchmarking hospitals
Based on m2, beds or overnight stays
Cannot be compared without interpretation
Level of outsourcing : kitchen / laundry
Hospital type : academic, regional
Construction year
Definition of m2 : parking deck
Definition of beds
Heat Electricity
Energy consumption per m² 262 MWh/m2/year 113 MWh/m2/year
Energy consumption per bed 25 235 MWh/m2/year 10 944 MWh/m2/year
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Heating, Ventilation
Air conditioning
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HVAC General
50% of the energy consumption
Most applied energy saving measures
Fitting frequency controllers on the fans
Recovering heat from the extraction air
Optimising the running hours
Optimising the temperature and humidity
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Case Study : Ventilation in polyclinic
Current situation
Ventilation 24/7, operation only at office hours
Proposal
Reduce to 50% outside office hours
Savings
1200 euro annually
Investment / Payback time
No investment
LABORELEC
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Case Study : Ventilation in polyclinic
• Period of reduced setting : 9 h/day
• Electricity consumption saving (ventilator fans) : 10 MWhe
• Degree hours on basis of 17°C : 21 577 hK/a
• Gas consumption saving (heating) : 7.6 MWhth
• Number of humidification gram-hours : 1 437 h/a*g/kg
• Assumed efficiently of steam generation + transport : 90 %
• Gas consumption saving (steam) : 5.1 MWhth/year
LABORELEC
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Compressed air
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Compressed air General
Two functions
Medical
Legal requirements from EN-12021
E.g. redundancy of equipment
Technical
Comparable to industry
LABORELEC
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Case Study : Splitting up networks
Current situation
Technical and medical combined
Proposal
Separate both functions, install VSD
Savings
7 200 euro annually
Investment / Payback time
44 000 euro (payback time : 5.5 years)
LABORELEC
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Case Study : Split compressed air networks
Lowering the pressure of the technical compressed air:
• Annual consumption of technical compressed air : 820 000 Nm3/year
• Specific energy consumption at 11 bar : 0.158 kWh/Nm3
• Specific energy consumption at 6 bar : 0.107 kWh/Nm3
• Energy saving achieved by lowering the pressure : 42 MWh/year
Installing compressors with frequency regulation:
• Zero-load energy consumption with respect to total consumption : 25 %
• Consumption savings for 11 bar network at zero load : 5.5 MWh/year
• Consumption savings for 6 bar network at zero load : 21.5 MWh/year
• Total energy saving achieved by frequency regulation : 27 MWh/year
Savings on compressed air treatment:
• Total energy consumption for compressed air : 152 MWh/year
• Energy consumption of absorption air drying, as a percentage of : 25 %
the total compressed air energy consumption
• Energy consumption of standard air drying, as a percentage of the : 5%
total compressed air energy consumption
• Present energy consumption for drying : 30.5 MWh/year
• New energy consumption for drying of the 11 bar network : 5.6 MWh/year
• New energy consumption for drying of the 6 bar network : 4.4 MWh/year
• Energy saving : 20.5 MWh/year
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Steam
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Steam General
Steam from boiler Net steam
Steam to
degasser
Losses
Condensate
Air return
Economiser Air Preheater Condensor
Feed Water
Make-up water
Bleed
Preheated air
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Case Study : Directly fired hot tap water
Current situation
Hot tap water by steam
Proposal
Heat it directly
Savings
2340 euro annually
Investment / Payback time
10 500 euro, payback time 4.5 years
LABORELEC
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Case Study : Directly fired hot tap water
The savings are determined as follows:
•Hot water consumption : 100 m3/week
•Hot water temperature : 70 °C
•Water supply temperature : 10 °C
•Estimated efficiency of steam circuit (boiler + transport) : 81%
•Present energy consumption per year for hot water : 450 MWh/year
•Efficiency of directly fired condensing boiler : 98 %
•Energy savings per year : 78 MWh/year
LABORELEC
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Lighting
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Lighting General
58W conv.
electr.
36W conv.
electr.
18W conv.
electr.
Lamp consumption
11W conv.
Ballast consumption
electr.
0 20 40 60 80 100
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Case Study : Replacing conventional balasts
Current situation
Conventional ballast
Proposal
Replace by electronic ballasts
Savings
37 000 euro
Investment / Payback time
Payback time : 6-9 years
LABORELEC
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Case Study Lighting
• Total energy consumption of the lighting : 2 400 MWh/year
• Power consumed by fluorescent tube lighting (90%) : 2 160 MWh/year
• Losses in conventional ballasts : 20 %
• Percentage of light sources with conventional ballasts : 70 %
• Estimated number of fluorescent light sources with : 4 000
conventional ballasts, on the basis of 58 W per tube
• Total energy consumption of conventional fluorescent : 1 780 MWh/year
lights
• Potential savings by fitting electronic ballasts and efficient : 26 %
optics
• Total savings potential : 462 MWh/year
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Cogeneration
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Cogeneration General
Continuous demand of heat
Sterilisation
Humidification
Hot tap water
Integrated in Backup power system
Application in Hospitals
Try to avoid cogeneration for electrical peakshaving
Cogen/absorption cooling is not always interesting
Annual profile
20,00%
13,50%
12,90%
12,40%
18,00%
11,20%
10,80%
16,00%
14,00%
9,00%
7,50%
12,00%
6,10%
10,00%
4,90%
4,50%
3,60%
3,60%
8,00%
6,00%
4,00%
2,00%
0,00%
November
June
January
July
March
September
October
December
February
May
April
August
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- Other saving measures
- Summary
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Other efficiency gains
Small operational measures
Variable Speed Drives
Isolation
Use of surgery tools : electrical or with compressed
air
Sterilisation : electrical or with steam
Humidification : electrical or not
Looking within the value chain
Suppliers of electric material
Efficiency of emergency system
LABORELEC
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Summary
Energy efficiency in existing hospitals
Good housekeeping
Operational and low cost modifications
2-5% reduction
Replacement (lamps, heat recovery) : payback time > 5 years
Further within the value chain
New hospitals
Use best practices
Heat recovery
Energy efficient lighting
LABORELEC
www.leonardo-energy.org www.laborelec.com

Rob van Heur (rob.vanheur@laborelec.com)
Marcel Didden (marcel.didden@laborelec.com)
From innovation to operational
assistance
LABORELEC