Yajima ikeda

1

Joint Operation Access Concept (JOAC)
and Air Sea Battle (ASB) –impact on US-
Japan defense cooperation
Col. Yajima (JASDF)
Col. Ikeda (JGSDF)

2

TABLE OF CONTENTS
• 　 Description of JOAC and ASB?

• 　 The impact of the application
of JOAC to the Asia-Pacific region

• 　 Challenges of Japan-US defense
cooperation under ASB Concept

3

Sustaining US Global Leadership:
Priorities for 21st Century Defense
(= New Defense Strategy)

- What is this document?

- How does it relate to other concepts?

- What are the main points of this document?

4

Relationship between Joint Operation Concepts

New
NMS Defense
Strategic
Guidance

Capstone Concept for Joint Operations: Joint Force 2020


ASBC JCEO Sustaining Operation
GAMA

A Challenging Global Security Environment 5

・ Increasingly complex global security environment
・ Necessity to rebalance towards the Asia – Pacific Region
・ Continued presence and support for the Middle East also
necessary
・ Continuing to lead global effort and assure access to global
commons necessrary
Primary Missions of the U.S. Armed Forces
① 　 Counter Terrorism and Irregular Warfare 　　
② 　 Deter and Defeat Aggression
③ 　 Project Power to meet against A2/AD Challenges
④ 　 Counter Weapons of Mass Destruction
⑤ 　 Operate Effectively in Cyberspace and Space
⑥ 　 Maintain a Safe, Secure, and Effective Nuclear Deterrent
⑦ 　 Defend the Homeland and Provide Support to Civil Authorities
⑧ 　 Provide a Stabilizing Presence
⑨ 　 Conduct Stability and Counterinsurgency Operations
⑩ 　 Conduct Humanitarian, Disaster Relief, and Other Operations

6

Capstone Concept for Joint
Operations: Joint Force 2020

- What is this document?

- How does it relate to other concepts?

- What are the main points of this concept?

7

Relationship between Joint Operation Concept

New
NMS Defense
Strategic
Guidance

* Globally Integrated Operation
Joint Operation Access Concept

GAMA

8

Becoming Globally Integrated
① 　 Command US missions globally
② 　 Seize, retain and exploit the opportunity
③ 　 Global agility
④ 　 Partnership
⑤ 　 Flexibility in establishing Joint Forces
⑥ 　 Cross-domain synergy
⑦ 　 Use of flexible, low-signature capabilities
⑧ 　 Increasingly discriminatory to minimize
unintended consequences

9


-What is this document?

-How does this relate to other concepts?

-What are the main points of this concept?

10

Relationship between Joint Operation Concept

New
NMS Defense
Strategic
Guidance


*Cross domain synergy

GAMA

11

Basic idea
● Cross-domain synergy
● Operational Access Precepts
　・ Gain access to requirements and broader mission
　・ Prepare the operational area in advance
　・ Consider a variety of basing options
　・ Seize the initiative through multiple and independent operations
　・ Gain advantage in one or more domains, disrupting
adversaries’ A2/AD efforts
　・ Disrupting reconnaissance and surveillance of adversaries
　・ Create pockets of local domain superiority for penetration
　・ Maneuver directly toward key objective from strategic distance
　・ Attack enemy’s A2/AD defense in depth
　・ Maximize surprise
　・ Protect space and cyber capabilities while attacking enemy’s

12

Relationship between JOAC and ASB

New
NMS Defense
Strategic
Guidance



GAMA

13

Air-Sea Battle Concept

- Progress of ASBC

- Purpose and character of ASBC

- The central idea of ASBC

- Diagram of an operation based on ASBC

14

Progress
TIME EVENT
2009 Then-Defense Secretary Robert Gates directed the examination
CSAF and CNO signed the memorandum to establish
Sep 2009
JASBC
Feb 2010 First appearance as Joint Air-Sea Battle in QDR2010
May, Aug, 2010 CSBA published reports on JASBC
Nov 2011 Establishment of ASB Office, Announced “The ASBC Summary”
Jan 2012 Announced “Defense Strategic Guidance” and “JOAC”
CSAF and CNO announced “Air-Sea Battle: Promoting Stability in
Feb
an era of Uncertainty”
Jun ASB Office announced “Air-Sea Battle : Clearing the Fog”
Sep Gen. Dempsey announced “CCJO: Joint Force 2020”

15

Progress
TIME EVENT
2009 Then-Defense Secretary Robert Gates directed the examination
CSAF and CNO signed the memorandum to establish
Sep 2009
JASBC
Feb 2010 First appearance as Joint Air-Sea Battle in QDR2010
May, Aug, 2010 CSBA published two reports on JASBC
Nov 2011 Establishment of ASB Office, Announced “The ASBC Summary”
Jan 2012 Announced “Defense Strategic Guidance” and “JOAC”
CSAF and CNO announced “Air-Sea Battle: Promoting Stability in
Feb
an era of Uncertainty”
Jun ASB Office announced “Air-Sea Battle : Clearing the Fog”
Sep Gen. Dempsey announced “CCJO: Joint Force 2020”

16

Purpose and Characer of ASB
Purpose
・ Maintain U.S. access to the global commons

・ keep the power projection capability, maintain freedom of
mission under A2/AD environment

Character
・ NOT a strategy, or a doctrine
・ A limited operational concept
・ NOT a concept aimed at any particular potential adversary
・ NOT a new concept, but an advanced joint operation concept
using cross-domain operations

17

The central idea of ASBC

NIA-3D
Networked ： Maintain cross domain network

Integrated ： Organize appropriate units among all Forces

Attack-in-depth

Disrupt adversary's C4ISR networks

Destroy adversary’s A2/AD systems

Defeat weapons launched by adversary

18

Example of an operation based on ASBC

TGT information
AWACS

Order of Attack
TGT information

Stealth Fighter
Order of Attack
www.af.mil Collect TGT
Information

Operation Center
Submarine
www.mod.go.jp
Adversary ships

19

The implementation of the JOAC
to the Asia-Pacific region

• Impact to the US defense posture in the Asia-

Pacific

• Japan’s Role

20

OPTIONS
Advantage Challenge Provision Japan’s role

O-1 Maximal Readiness
Strengthen Continuous ISR Protection
Risks Protection
Present Allies Cooperation Strengthen
Bases Less POL challenges

O-2 Host nation coord.
Accept additional
Disaggregate/ Host nation Long range Comms.
Disperse risks and Transportation
deployment
maximum forward C2 More protection
deployment Training site

Rapid deployment
> Transportation
> Long Range ISR and Ensure use bases
O-3 Readiness attacking measure Keep U.S. supplies
> ASW More protection
Disaggregate/ Deterrence
Minimal risk > BMD- bases, ships
minimum forward Host nation > Robust Cyber, Space * Integrated doctrine,
deployment C2 capability tactics, network
Training site
Host nation coord.

C2= Command and Control

Deployment 　 in 　 the Asia-Pacific 　
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Region

Marine Corps moves units from Okinawa to
Guam and Hawaii, and make rotation through
Darwin, Australia
ROK

Main island Japan

Okinawa
Hawaii
Guam

ARMY
Darwin NAVY
Air Force
Marine Corps
21

22

Anticipated role and the Challenges
of Japan

 To enhance reliability as a US foothold

anti-A2/AD capability, Networked JSDF – U.S. force

 Reviewing the Japan National Defense Program Guideline

 Reviewing the Japan-U.S. Guidelines for defense cooperation

23

Japan-U.S. defense Cooperation
Under the Air-Sea Battle Concept

24

Table of
Contents
・ Challenges or problems of ASBC in the U.S. military

・ Importance of ASBC in the the Western Pacific

・ The Influence of defense budget cut on ASBC

・ Challenges of Japan-U.S. defense cooperation under
ASBC

・ Conclusion

25

Challenges or problems about ASBC
in the U.S. military

・　 There is a possibility that the Air-Sea Battle Concept
could suffer from the negative effects of parochialism.

・　 ASBC may not be given top priority, concerns over
its probability.

・　 Develop more high-level “jointness”

26

Importance of ASBC in the Western Pacific

The Western Pacific Geostrategic Considerations
1 The main operational area is air and sea

2 The U.S. military does limited strategic depth.

3 The distance between the U.S. mainland and the Western Pacific is very far.

4 There are countries with A2/AD capability

5 Most of U.S. forward bases and allies’ bases are in range of potential adversary
ballistic missiles

・ The Western Pacific is one of the regions where an adversary can
establish an A2/AD environment with relative ease.
Japan is located between mainland of Asia and the US.
Japan has bilateral operation capability.

・ Japan-US Cooperation is important

27

Influence of defense budget cut on ASBC
4 scenarios of defense budget cut

Scenario Reduction Influence 　 and analysis
$350 ～ U.S. military remains capable of addressing a wide range of possible
threats around the world by pursuing “High-Low-New” modernization
1 $400
plan.
billion The risks are modest and acceptable
$500 ～ Under a reduced capability, U .S. military can manage its global mission.
2 $550 But U.S. has to prioritize regions
billion The risks are significant but acceptable

$650 ～ U.S. military reduce forward maritime presence. U.S. can maintain it’s
presence only in selected regions (Western Pacific, Indian Ocean,
3 $700
Middle East, Arabian Gulf)
billion The risks are high

$800 ～ U.S. has to alter global engagement strategy significantly. U.S. can
protect its interests only in Asia and Middle East. But Asian allies and
4 $850
partners question the credibility of U.S. security guarantees.
billion The risks are very high
Reference: Hard Choice by center for New American Security

28

Influence of defense budget cut on ASBC
Reduction capability in scenario 4

Services Reduction Capabilities

Total cut 8%
NAVAL Reduce CVN (11 →10), Amphibious Ships, Attack Submarine(Virginia-class),
Forces Cruiser, LSC, Eliminate future procurement of F-18
Lose mine hunting and sweeping capabilities

Total cut 8%
Air Forces Reduce F-35, MQ-4, Strategic Aircraft, V-22 Osprey
Eliminate future procurement of F-16
Ground Total cut 16% Army 520000 →430000, Marine 187000 →150000
Forces Shrinking Army's heavy Capability, GCV, JLTV, JTRS, GMR, Cancel F-35 B,
Defense-Wide
Activities
Total cut 64% Base support, DOD Civilian, Intelligence, Missile Defense, R&D

NoN DOD
Total cut 4% Atomic Energy Defense activities, Other Defense-Related Activities
Activities Reference: Hard Choice by center for New American Security

29

Challenges for Japan-U.S. defense cooperation under ASBC

Policy Level

・ Japan should support the Air-Sea Battle Concept, and share
the burden as much as possible.

・ Japan should be more involved in the implementation process
and share the contents to the National Defense Program
Guideline and 　 the Mid-Term Defense Program with US in a
timely manner.

30


Policy Level

・ Japan has to build the foundation of executing Air-Sea Battle operations.

- Build the political and legal framework which enables Japan to execute

the use of force out of Japanese territory.

- Strengthen Japan-US bilateral operational capability.

・ Execute Air-Sea Battle operations in the Western pacific with other US allies and
partners is important.

・ The Jieitai has to develop jointness and overcome the parochialism among its
three services.

31


Tactical Level

Category Japan-US military Cooperation
・ Establish network system to share situational awareness
Networked
of cross-domain operation.
・ Establish real time communication system among headquarters
Integrated and all domain assets.
・ Prepare all kinds of scenarios and exercises

Disrupt ・ Promote cooperation in the cyber field.

Attack ・ Maintain mission flexibility (Japan should strengthen an
Destroy
in-depth attack capability )
・ Increase the reliability and operational capability of
Defeat missile defense.
・ Increase survivability of the bases

32

Conclusion
・ ASBC is necessary for the US to rebalance toward the Asia-Pacific
region.

・ To execute ASB operations in the Western Pacific, Japan-U.S.
cooperation is necessary.

・ To execute cooperation successfully, the Jieitai will have to overcome its
challenges.

・ The Jieitai's operational performance will improve dramatically.

・ Japan-US cooperation under the Air-Sea battle Concept will be a great
deterrence to adversaries in the Asia-Pacific region

Yajima ikeda

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