1. Operation and control University of technology education HCMC
power system Faculty of electrical-electronics engineering
U n iv e r s it y o f t e c h n o lo g y e d u c a t io n
Group No 9 H C M C Chapter 9: INTRODUCTION TO ADVANCED TOPIC
F a c u lt y o f e le c t r ic a l – e le c t r o n ic s
1. FACTS
Operation andncontrolr power system
e g in e e in g
2. Steady state
Chapter 9 INTRODUCTION TO
ADVANCED TOPICS
3. Load forecast
4. Conclusion
Nguyễn Anh Toàn
Class: 10025250A

2. Operation and control University of technology education HCMC
power system Faculty of electrical-electronics engineering
Group No 9 Chapter 9: INTRODUCTION TO ADVANCED TOPIC
1. FACTS
Objectives
2. Steady state Recognize the different types of FACTS controler
Introduction the mathematical analysis for steady state operation
3. Load forecast
Explaint the various methods of load prediction
4. Conclusion

3. Operation and control University of technology education HCMC
power system Faculty of electrical-electronics engineering
Group No 9 Chapter 9: INTRODUCTION TO ADVANCED TOPIC
1. FACTS
Agenda
2. Steady state
1 FACTS ?
2 Steady state operation
3. Load forecast
3 Methods for load prediction
4. Conclusion
4 Conclusion

4. Operation and control University of technology education HCMC
power system Faculty of electrical-electronics engineering
Group No 9 Chapter 9: INTRODUCTION TO ADVANCED TOPIC
1. FACTS What is a FACTS ?
2. Steady state
Fexible AC Transmission System
Power in lines is controlled in Up gradation of lines is easier.
any desired manner.
Line capacity is increased, Reduced reactive power flow, thereby
3. Load forecast practically upto thermal limits permitting greater active power flow.
By raising transient stabilitv limit, Reduced cost of energy received
system security is enhanced due to enhanced line capacity.
4. Conclusion

5. Operation and control University of technology education HCMC
power system Faculty of electrical-electronics engineering
Group No 9 Chapter 9: INTRODUCTION TO ADVANCED TOPIC
1. FACTS Type of FACTS
E1 / δ1 P&Q E2 / δ2
I
P = E1 ( E2 sin(δ )) / X
1
2. Steady state X
STATCOM
E1 / δ1 P&Q E2 / δ2 P = E1 ( E2 sin(δ )) / X ref
1
I
X ref = X − Vinj / I
3. Load forecast
X
SSSC
E1 / δ1 P&Q E2 / δ2 P = E1 ( E2 sin(δ )) / X ref
1
I
4. Conclusion X ref = X − Vinj / I
X
UPFC Q1 = E1 ( E2 cos(δ )) / X

6. Operation and control University of technology education HCMC
power system Faculty of electrical-electronics engineering
Group No 9 Chapter 9: INTRODUCTION TO ADVANCED TOPIC
1. FACTS Power Quality
Sinusoidal Sag
1 1
0 0
2. Steady state
-1 -1
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12
Swell Transient
2
2
3. Load forecast 0 0
-2 -2
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12
Flicker Harmonic
1 1
4. Conclusion 0 0
-1 -1
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12
Time [sec] Time [sec]

7. Operation and control University of technology education HCMC
power system Faculty of electrical-electronics engineering
Group No 9 Chapter 9: INTRODUCTION TO ADVANCED TOPIC
1. FACTS P,Q,U, phase angles Variables
Z=h(X)+n
1 2 3
2. Steady state
3. Load forecast
4. Conclusion

8. Operation and control University of technology education HCMC
power system Faculty of electrical-electronics engineering
Group No 9 Chapter 9: INTRODUCTION TO ADVANCED TOPIC
1. FACTS Load prediction
It’s depend Peak load
demand ?
2. Steady state
3. Load forecast
Ltotal = Lbase + Lweather + Lother factors
1 Multiple Regression Methods
4. Conclusion
2 Spectral Expansion Method
3 Scaling a Standar Load

9. Operation and control University of technology education HCMC
power system Faculty of electrical-electronics engineering
Group No 9 Chapter 9: INTRODUCTION TO ADVANCED TOPIC
1. FACTS Multiple Regression
Y = a + b1T + b2W + b3 L + b4 P + F (t ) + d
Linear Regression Techniques Nonlinear Regression Method
2. Steady state Y = a0 + a1 X S = f1 (T ) + f 2 (W ) + f3 ( L) + f 4 ( P) + F (t ) + d
n n
Y1 = a0 + a1 X 1 ∑Y
i =1
1 = na0 + a1 ∑ X 1
i =1 f1 (T ), f 2 (W ), f3 ( L), f 4 ( P )
y1 = Y1 − Y
Y 1 = a0 + a1 X
x1 = Y1 − X
3. Load forecast F (t ) + d = x − f1 (T ) − f 2 (W ) − f 3 ( L) − f 4 ( P)
y1 = a1 x1 d = y1 − a1 x1
Plotting a graph of the above relations
D = ∑ d12 = ∑ ( y1 − a1 x1 ) 2
i =1 Grouping these estimates according to
dD the day of the week
= 0 = −2∑ x1 ( y1 − a1 x1 )
4. Conclusion da1 F(t) is known, giving the basic demand
curve.
a=
∑x y XX A = XY
∑x 2

10. Operation and control University of technology education HCMC
power system Faculty of electrical-electronics engineering
Group No 9 Chapter 9: INTRODUCTION TO ADVANCED TOPIC
1. FACTS Spectral Expansion Method
- Past load data Predicting a non-stationary process
- Repeat every 24 hours given by an ensemble of sample
2. Steady state - Ensemble of time functions.
series
Pmn = Amn + f1 (Tm ) Bm + f 2 ( Lm )Cm + f3 (Wm ) Dm + .....
3. Load forecast
Pmm (t ) = Pw (t ) + Pd (t ) + pmn (t )
nd
1
Pw (t ) =
nd
∑P
n =1
mn (t )
1 nw
Pd (t ) = ∑ Pmn (t ) − Pw (t )
4. Conclusion nw n =1
K 1
pmn (t ) = ∑ a b f k (t ) + e(t )
k k
2
k =1

11. Operation and control University of technology education HCMC
power system Faculty of electrical-electronics engineering
Group No 9 Chapter 9: INTRODUCTION TO ADVANCED TOPIC
1. FACTS Scaling a Standar Load
- Using standar load curve
2. Steady state - The predicted load can be obtained by multiplying the predicted ratio
r (n+k) by the corresponding value of the load on the standard load curve.
3. Load forecast
1− x 3 Four quater hourly periods
r( n + k ) =
1 − x4
∑r
m=0
n−m x n
x: varies between zero and unity
4. Conclusion

12. Operation and control University of technology education HCMC
power system Faculty of electrical-electronics engineering
Group No 9 Chapter 9: INTRODUCTION TO ADVANCED TOPIC
1. FACTS Loss of load probability
n  i
p ( xi ) =   q (1 − q ) n −1
n  n!
i   =
2. Steady state r  ( n −r )!r!
Problen:
A
3. Load forecast  3 GENERATOR
 Each 50MW
B
 Probability of failure 0.01
4. Conclusion
C  Failure independently
Find probability distribution of generator capacity ?

13. Operation and control University of technology education HCMC
power system Faculty of electrical-electronics engineering
Group No 9 Chapter 9: INTRODUCTION TO ADVANCED TOPIC
1. FACTS Generating probabity distribution
2. Steady state
CAPACITY(MW) PROBABILITY
0 0.000001
50 0.000297
100 0.029403
3. Load forecast 150 0.970299
n  i
p ( xi ) =   q (1 − q ) n −1 n  n!
i    =
r  ( n − )!r!
r
4. Conclusion

14. Operation and control University of technology education HCMC
power system Faculty of electrical-electronics engineering
Group No 9 Chapter 9: INTRODUCTION TO ADVANCED TOPIC
1. FACTS Conclution
2. Steady state  The flexibility and adaptability of these new techniques indicate
that they will become part of the tools for solving power quality
problems in this increasingly complex electrical environment.
3. Load forecast
 The implementation and use of these advanced techniques
needs to be done with much care and sensitivity. They should
4. Conclusion not replace the engineering understanding of the electromagnetic
nature of the problems that need to be solved

15. Operation and control University of technology education HCMC
power system Faculty of electrical-electronics engineering
Group No 9 Chapter 9: INTRODUCTION TO ADVANCED TOPIC
1. FACTS
2. Steady state
3. Load forecast
NHÓM 9
Nguyễn Anh Toàn-1002525028
4. Conclusion Lê Minh Tùng-1002525033
Huỳnh Ngọc Nhẫn-1002525017