3. Key Questions 1. Identify the environment in which operational staff work during crisis in terms of the defining components of the environment and the pressures which operate in the environment. 2. How does these forces shape the design of the environment? 3. How do we assess the effectiveness of new capabilities added to the environment?
4. Nature of CIME Environments Modern crisis response environments are complex, high workload environments. Key purpose of these environments is: Development and maintenance of individual and shared situation awareness; Decision making in support of crisis response. If a capability does not aid the incident controller to make a decision or respond – why is it there? Sometimes the best system is a notebook and pencil
9. Key Concepts – Human Psyche Model of Human Psyche (based on C.G. Jung)
10. Key Concepts – Human Memory Schiffrin Model of Human Memory Systems
11. Key Concepts- Human Centred Design Focus is on human as an agent interacting with control systems. Most significant work has been done in the petroleum industry esp. the North Sea. Resulted in the development of ISO 11064 – Standard for Ergonomic Design of Control Centres
12. Human Centred Design Principles (ISO 11064) Application of a human-centred design approach. Integrate ergonomics in engineering practice Improve design through iteration Conduct situational analysis Conduct task analysis Design error tolerant systems Ensure user participation Form an inter-disciplinary design team Document ergonomic design basis
29. Exercise Neptune’s Treasure Conventional CT Exercise Hijacked Ferry Scenario Focus on assessment of a tool to manage tactical level information flows.
32. Assessment Methods Assessment Types: Subjective: The individual or group is asked to assess it’s own SA, either through a process of direct questioning or a written evaluation without suspending the activity; Implicit: Observable improvements in performance resulted from the improved SA; Explicit: Current activity is suspended and direct probing by the evaluator to assess the understanding and SA of the individual or group at that point in the scenario. Resulting in: Qualitative data “subjective measures” Quantitative data “numeric measures”
33. Individual and Team Performance Measures Derived from Smith-Jentsch et al 1998
36. Exercise Western Explorer Consequence Management and Investigation Exercise Tool Assessment based on information flows between operational level organizations. First significant trial of ICT system involving supporting agency (WA Health EOC).
41. Key Lessons Keep required level of learning by subject matter experts to a minimum. Keep assessment goals focused. Frame questions to allow specialists to draw on implicit knowledge base to add value to the assessment. Assessment only takes place at the surface cognitive processes of the operators using the tool. Heavier use of out of exercise questioning could address this problem.
42. Current Work Human Interoperability Enterprise Operation Golden Phoenix 2008 Trident Warrior 2009 Trust and Human Interoperability in HA/DR Civil / Military C2 Interoperability Experiments Deployed Environment in Support of HA/DR Operations. Improvement in Assessment Methods
43. Current Work Integration methodology for HCD in management of projects with significant human element. Resilience Networks for HA/DR response (http://dkms.ghinet.info)
