1. NAME : SHAH HUSSAIN
ROLL NO : 61
BACHA KHAN UNIVERSITY CHARSADDA

2. River Discharge
-Volume or flow of water passing a gauging station in a river
at a particular time.
-Amount of water originating from precipitation that reaches
the channel – directly, from overland flow, throughflow and
baseflow.
-discharge = velocity (m/sec) x cross-sectional area (m2
)
-So… discharge measured in cumecs (cubic metres per sec)

4. Water balance
-Overall discharge from a drainage basin = product of the
relationship between precipitation and evapotranspiration,
and a number of factors which control the amount of water
stored in the drainage basin…
-Therefore, water balance equation:
drainage basin discharge = pptn – (evap + transp) +/- changes in storage

5. Factors affecting discharge
Physical
-Basin size, shape
-Rock/soil type
-Drainage area and drainage pattern
-Height above sea level
-Surface water stores, eg lakes, glaciers

6. Factors affecting discharge
Meteorological
-Type of precipitation
-Rainfall intensity, amount and duration
-Distribution of precipitation across the drainage basin
-Factors affecting evapotranspiration (eg wind, temperature, humidity
and season)

7. Factors affecting discharge
Human
-Land use
-Surface water stores, eg reservoirs

8. 1. Basin shape, size
2. Geology
3. Soil type
4. Drainage density
5. Precipitation
6. Temperature
7. Land use