This document discusses disturbance ecology and different approaches for estimating characteristics of ecological communities, analogous to methods for estimating the number of books in a library. It defines ecological disturbance as discrete events that disrupt populations, communities, and ecosystems. Disturbances are regular, predictable events that species can adapt to, unlike rare disasters. The frequency, location, magnitude, and intensity of a disturbance regime can affect evolutionary adaptations and species diversity within a community.

1. Disturbance Ecology Dr. Mark McGinley Special Topics in Ecology and Biodiversity ISB, UM 2010

12. Fire

13. Fire

14. Landslides

15. Hurricanes

16. Hurricanes- Salt Water Damage

17. Tsunami

18. Floods

19. Not Disturbance- Drought

25. Serotinous Cones

27. Competition Between Grasses

28. Connell’s Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis