This presentation created for beginners what never hear about XML.

1. eXtensible Markup Language
(XML)
Serhii Kartashov
July 2012
SoftServe
IFDC IT Academy

2. Agenda
Introduction to XML
Basic rules
Parsing XML
XML Namespaces
XML Schemas
XSLT Transformation
Where is XML applying? (examples)

3. Agenda
Introduction to XML
Basic rules
Parsing XML
XML Namespaces
XML Schemas
XSLT Transformation
Where is XML applying? (examples)

4. Origin of XML
SGML
1986
HTML 1.0 XML 1.0
1992 1998
HTML XHTML
4.01 1999 1.0 2000
XHTML
2.0 2010

5. XML Data Model (a tree)
1 root
2 title item item
name name
company company
3
model model
cost cost

6. Agenda
Introduction to XML
Basic rules
Parsing XML
XML Namespaces
XML Schemas
XSLT Transformation
Where is XML applying? (examples)

7. Basic rules
• All XML Elements Must Have a Closing
• XML Tags are Case Sensitive
• XML Elements Must be Properly Nested
• XML Attribute Values Must be Quoted
• XML Documents Must Have a Root Element
• Entity References
• White-space is Preserved in XML

9. Agenda
Introduction to XML
Basic rules
Parsing XML
XML Namespaces
XML Schemas
XSLT Transformation
Where is XML applying? (examples)

10. Parsing XML
XML parser -- Reads in XML data, checks for
syntactic constraints, and makes data available
to an application. There are three 'generic'
parser APIs
– SAX Simple API to XML (event-based)
– DOM Document Object Model (object/tree based)

11. XML Parser Processing Model
parser XML-based
parser
interface application

12. DOM APIs
DocumentBuilder
Factory Packages:
 org.w3c.dom
 javax.xml.parsers
Document Document (DocumentBuilderFactory,
XML Builder (DOM) DocumentBuilder) READ
 javax.xml.transform
(TransformerFactory, Trans
former, Source, Result)
WRITE
Transformer
Factory
Document Transformer
(DOM) XML

13. SAX APIs
Packages:
 org.xml.sax
 org.xml.sax.ext
 org.xml.sax.helpers
 javax.xml.parsers
(SAXParserFactory, SAXParse
r)

14. Agenda
Introduction to XML
Basic rules
Parsing XML
XML Namespaces
XML Schemas
XSLT Transformation
Where is XML applying? (examples)

15. Why namespaces?
HTML:
<table>
<tr>
<td>Apples</td>
<td>Bananas</td>
</tr> We have the conflict
</table> between two elements
(table). And parser
XML: doesn’t know how
<table> handle this situation.
<name>African Coffee Table</name>
<width>80</width>
<length>120</length>
</table>

16. Namespaces handle conflicts between
element names.
HTML:
<h:table xmlns:h="http://www.mysite.org/html>
<h:tr>
<h:td>Apples</h:td>
<h:td>Bananas</h:td> We added name prefix to
</h:tr> each element (table). And
</h:table> declared they.
XML:
<x:table xmlns:x="http://www.mysite.org/xml>
<x:name>African Coffee Table</x:name>
<x:width>80</x:width>
<x:length>120</x:length>
</x:table>

17. Agenda
Introduction to XML
Basic rules
Parsing XML
XML Namespaces
XML Schemas
XSLT Transformation
Where is XML applying? (examples)

18. Defining language dialects
• Two ways of doing so:
– XML Document Type Declaration (DTD)– Part of core XML
spec.
– XML Schema – allows for stronger constraints on XML
documents.
• Adding dialect specifications implies two classes of
XML data:
– Well-formed An XML document that is syntactically
correct
– Valid An XML document that is both well-formed and
consistent with a specific DTD (or Schema)

19. DTD
<!ELEMENT root (title?, item*)>
<!ELEMENT title (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT item (name, company, model, cost)>
<!ATTRIBUTE id (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT company (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT model (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT cost (#PCDATA)>

20. XML Schema
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?>
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<xs:element name=“root">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name=“title" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name=“item“ maxOccurs="unbounded">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name=“name" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name=“company" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="model" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="cost" type="xs:decimal"/>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
</xs:sequence>
<xs:attribute name=“id" type="xs:positiveInteger " use="required"/>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
</xs:schema>

21. XML Parser Processing Model With
Validation Schema
parser XML-based
parser
interface application
XML
Schema

22. Agenda
Introduction to XML
Basic rules
Parsing XML
XML Namespaces
XML Schemas
XSLT Transformation
Where is XML applying? (examples)

23. XSLT Transformation
XSLT (EXtensible Stylesheet Language
Transformation):
• <template>
• <value-of>
• <for-each>
• <sort>
• <if>
• <choose>

24. XML file
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="class.xsl"?>
<class>
<student>Jack</student>
<student>Harry</student>
<student>Rebecca</student>
<teacher>Mr. Bean</teacher>
</class>

25. XSL file
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:template match="teacher">
<p><u><xsl:value-of select="."/></u></p>
</xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="student">
<p><b><xsl:value-of select="."/></b></p>
</xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="/">
<html>
<body>
<xsl:apply-templates/>
</body>
</html>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

26. XSLT Transformation

27. Agenda
Introduction to XML
Basic rules
Parsing XML
XML Namespaces
XML Schemas
XSLT Transformation
Where is XML applying? (examples)

28. Web Design and Applications
• XML and CSS (example)
@CHARSET "UTF-8";
title{
display: block;
text-align: center;
font-style: italic;
}
item:after{
font-size: 250%;
content: attr(id);
}
item{
display: block;
padding:20px;
border-style: solid;
font-size: 12px;
}

29. XML Technology
• XML Transformation
• XML Schema
• XSLT (eXtensible Stylesheet Language
Transformations)
• MathML (Mathematical Markup Language)

30. MathML (example)

31. Web of Services
• HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)
• SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)
• WSDL (Web Services Description Language)

32. Web of Devices
• Mobile Web
• VXML (Voice XML)

33. Browsers and Authoring Tools
• Social networks
• Forums
• CMSs (Content Management System)
• RSS (Really Simple Syndication)

34. Questions
and
Answers

35. Useful links
• Introduction to XML
– http://www.itwriting.com/xmlintro.php
– The development history http://www.w3.org/XML/hist2002
• Basic rules
– http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml11-20060816/
• XML Namespaces
– http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/
• Defining language dialects
– http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/dtds.html
– http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-0/
• Parsing XML
– http://www.w3.org/DOM/DOMTR
• XSLT Transformation
– http://www.w3.org/TR/xslt

36. Contacts
• http://it-academy-sk.blogspot.com/
Thank you!