1. PHIL 201 EXAM 5
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1) Match the following:
Question Selected Match
This is the tendency to base one’s moral views on one’s own culture or social
group.
Ethnocentrism
This is the view that what is good is whatever maximizes the benefit of the
greatest number of people.
Utilitarianism
This is the theory that moral laws can be discerned by examining human nature
and society.
Natural Law
This is a system of ethics that is based upon submission to the will of a higher
power (God).
Theonomous Ethic
This is the view that God sovereignly and arbitrarily determines what is right and
wrong.
Voluntarism
For any possible action, the potential pleasure involved can be quantified in terms
of intensity, duration, purity, and other such attributes.
Hedonic calculus
The view that moral statements are simply expressions of how one feels about a
particular ethical issue.
Emotivism
The view that states that in situations of moral conflict, that option is moral which
shows concern for others’ needs and concerns.

2. Ethic of Care
This is the type of statement that articulates what we “ought” to do.
Normative
The view that we can derive moral guidance from our natural intuition to abide by
basic moral principles (whether utilitarian or deontological).
Intuitionism
2) The fact that we cannot logically derive ethical conclusions from merely
empirical observations is called
3) Aristotle saw virtues as habits of the mind that cannot be deliberately
cultivated.
4) In contrast to emotivism, which views ethical judgments as expressions of
feelings, ethical subjectivism views such statements as:
5) Psychological egoism is the view that we always choose that action that we
believe will be in our own best interest.
6) One significant difference between Jeremy Bentham’s approach to ethics
and the approach advocated by J. S. Mill has to do with how virtue ethics should
be used to determine right and wrong.
7) The “Categorical Imperative” states that we should always act from maxims
that can be universalized without self-contradiction.
8) The dependency thesis states that morality is a matter of independent,
rational judgment.
9) The fact that the pursuit of pleasure for its own sake often results in
frustration rather than happiness is called:
10) Holmes favors a Natural Law approach to ethics because this provides an
objective rather than subjective basis for moral knowledge.
11) According to Holmes, the two major principles that guide Christian ethics are:
12) Ethical egoism is the view that we always choose that action that we believe
will be in our own best interest.
13) The term “Synderesis rule” refers to:

3. 14) Holmes describes virtues as “inner habits of heart and mind, unstable
dispositions that move us to think and act in particular ways, in contrast to stable
inclinations that have deep roots and are not easily lost.”
15) The Euthyphro dilemma asks, “Is an action good because God commands
it, or…
16) According to Holmes, one problem with the diversity thesis is that:
17) Deontological ethics focuses on principles that can be universalized rather
than on results that one desires to acheive.
18) According to Holmes, the study of philosophical ethics can enhance biblical
morality by:
19) According to Holmes, the main difference between ethics and many other
disciplines is that ethics is subjective while other many other disciplines are
objective.
20) According to Holmes, Alasdair MacIntyre accused 19th and 20th century
ethicists of:
21) Which of the following is NOT one of Plato’s cardinal virtues?