This document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the breast. It begins by describing the embryological development of the breast from the milk line. It then discusses the anatomy of the breast including its position, attachment points, skin, nipple, areola, lobes and lobules. The blood supply and venous drainage are also covered. Finally, the document discusses the physiology of the breast including its main function of milk secretion and excretion, as well as the hormones that regulate breast development and lactation.

2. BREAST
SEMINAR SURGERY UNIT 3
CMC HOSPITAL LARKANA
By : sanaullah shaikh

3. Discussed N understand
»breast embryology
»Breast anatomy
»Breast physiology

4. » Embryologically part of integumentary
system
» Functionally part of reproductive system
» Modified apocrine sweat gland
» Present in males and females
» In males it is rudimentary
» In females at puberty gland enlarges

5. » Breast development
starts during foetal life
» Around 6th week of
gestational age milk line
appears
» at 9th week involutes
sparing the chest area
» Around the 12th week,
ingrowth of ectoderm
forms primary bud
tissue in mesenchyme

6. » primary bud tissue starts
development of 15 -20
secondary buds
» these secondary buds give
rises to lactiferous ducts
» Mesenchyme gives rises to
stromal tissue
» From birth until puberty,
the breast consists of
lactiferous ducts, with no
alveoli.
» At puberty, the ducts start
to proliferate

8. ANATOMY
POSITION AND ATTACHMENT
•LATERAL ASPECT OF PECTORAL
REGION
•LOCATED BETWEEN RIBS 3 AND 7
•EXTENDS FROM STERNUM TO
AXILLA
•SURROUNDED BY SUPERFICIAL
FASCIA
•REST ON DEEP FASCIA

10. » 4rth intercostal space
» Hairless skin
» Composed of collagenous tissue
» Containing melanocytes
» Smooth muscle cells
» 15-20 lactiferous ducts open on to its tip

11. » The areola is a disc of skin, which circles the
base of the nipple,
» Melanocytes are quite numerous
» varying in colour from pink to dark brown
depending on parity and race.
» Contain modified sebacious glands
» These glands enlarged during pregnancy called
tubercles of montogmery

13. Composed of
» glandular tissue
» stromal fibrous tissue
» adipose tissue

14. • Glandular tissue
» composed of 15-20 pyramidal lobes
» each lobe contain 20-40 lobules but a separate lactiferous
duct
» Each lobule holds tiny, hollow BLIND ENDED sacs (alveoli)
with their associated alveolar ducts that carry milk from the
alveoli towards terminal lactiferous duct
• ADIPOSE TISSUE
» Highly variable
• STROMAL TISSUE
» Encloses lobules

15. Arterial supply
• Branches of Axillary artery
• Branches of internal thoracic artery

16. » Venous Drainage of Breast
Tributaries axillary vein
Tributaries of Internal thoracic vein

18. » The main function of breast is
secretion and excretion of milk
» Generally, regulation of breast development
and functions is done by four hormones
» Both Estrogen and progestrone are responsible
for development of breast ductal system and
deposition of fats on the breast.

19. • Sudden drop of progesterone and estrogen
levels initiate lactation
• During lactation, milk production is
stimulated by prolactin hormone from
anterior pituitary gland
• Excretion of milk from breast than done by
oxytocin hormone from posterior pituitary
gland
- Both prolactin and oxytocin are released by
the act of suckling which stimulates sensory
nerve endings of nipple.

20. If you judge people, you have no time to
love them.
“mother
teresa”