42. FINAS Other NATO UAV System Documents Medical Standards Study 7192 Airworthiness Sense & Avoid Designated UAV Operator Training Human Factors STANAG 4670 Working Paper STANAG 4671 Study 4685 Air Traffic Management NATMC Working Paper System Architecture & Data Links STANAGs 4586 & 4660 Spectrum Management NC 3 Board - Frequency Management Sub-Committee
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49. Step 1 Segregated Airspace Non Type Certificated UAVs Type Certificated UAVs Step 2 Non Segregated Airspace Step 4 Non Segregated Airspace Step 5 Non Segregated Airspace Step 3 Non Segregated Airspace Fly within National Borders State UAVs Civil/State UAVs Experimental UAVs Worldwide ICAO Achieved 2008 2012 2015 2010 Market Entry Point State UAVs Market Entry Point Civil UAVs 2007 Study ~ 500k€ (EDA OB) 2008 – 11 various Projects 2011 – 14 various Projects 2014+ TBA Harmonization: UAV Traffic Insertion - Road Map *Note: Figures are first rough max. attempt prior to any discussion/negotiation of WP details and without insertion of already available technologies
50. The “larger picture” Aviation safety Air- Worthiness “ is the system safe to fly” Continued Air- Worthiness OPS MAINT TRG ATM Interaction with other air traffic Quality control and independent auditing
51. Tiers in military aviation functions ATM Operations Aeronautics & Certification Regulation & Oversight Acquisition Operation Military Aviation Authority organisations and regulators e.g., MAAs, FLYGI, DGA (authority role), ADRP, EMAAG… Military material and procurement organisations e.g. DMO, DPA, DGA, FMV, OCCAR… Military operators, maintainers, trainers e.g. Air Forces, Navies, Armies etc…. Ministry of Defence ‘ Military Aviation Authority’
52. Tiers in military aviation functions Ministry of Defence ‘ Military Aviation Authority’ ATM Operations Aeronautics & Certification Regulation & Oversight Acquisition Operation Military aviation products have to meet both operational requirements and aviation regulations Material Organisations have to tune with their operators and aviation authorities e.g. Operational use e.g. Type certification Regulatory Co-ordination Military Aviation Authorities will have to tune with their civil counterparts (e.g. EU, EASA, Eurocontrol) to meet legal objectives and law. Military aviation regulations shall meet or shall have due regard for (the objectives of) (international) (aviation) law Regulatory Co-ordination
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54. AER-P2 classi aeromobili peso >=2kg e <20kg peso <2kg (mini) (micro) aeromobili a pilotaggio remoto (APR) peso >=500kg e <2720kg (=6000lbs) S9 (strategici) aeromobili a pilotaggio remoto (APR) peso >=150kg e <500kg S8 (tattici) aeromobili a pilotaggio remoto (APR) peso >=20kg e <150kg S7 (leggeri) aeromobili a pilotaggio remoto (APR) descrizione aeromobile classe aeromobile tipo di requisito dell' aeromobile
55. P factor !!! I valori e la MASSA ! perdita sistema <=1x10 -3 catastrofico <=1x10 -5 Peso <2kg (micro) aeromobili a pilotaggio remoto (APR) perdita sistema <=1x10 -4 catastrofico <=5x10 -6 Peso >=2kg e <20kg (mini) aeromobili a pilotaggio remoto (APR) perdita sistema <=3x10 -5 catastrofico <=1x10 -6 Peso >=150kg e <500kg S8 (tattici) aeromobili a pilotaggio remoto (APR) perdita sistema <=5x10 -5 catastrofico <=1x10 -6 Peso >=20kg e <150kg S7 (leggeri) aeromobili a pilotaggio remoto (APR) probabilità cumulativa di perdita sistema probabilità cumulativa di evento catastrofico descrizione aeromobile classe aeromobile tipo di requisito dell' aeromobile
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Editor's Notes
In the ARM directorate we have recently launched a new approach to stimulate cooperation focused on address the challenge of enabling UAVs to operate alongside conventional air traffic. A consortium of aviation companies and research institutes under the name Air4All is now investing in the development of UAS and their related technologies. The joint initiative -- the result of extensive consultation between the Agency, the European Commission and the Aerospace and Defence Industries Association of Europe (ASD) -- aims to establish a joint and complementary cooperation agenda. The study aims at progression from the current state of affairs, in which military UAVs can fly in segregated airspace, to a situation in which civilian and government-operated UAVs could operate alongside other manned aircraft in integrated airspace by 2012. This agenda will propose innovative technology development and system demonstrations for UAVs to be considered fully airworthy and for the proper regulatory framework to be in place for this integration. This approach will also encourage the development of multi-purpose technologies, supported by budgets of the Commission as well as investment by industry. It will reduce fragmentation and duplication of UAV components which civil and military applications have in common. It has the potential, if properly exploited by all stakeholders, to move Europe quickly to a leadership position in a field which is of prime importance for European armed forces and the European aerospace industry alike.
I don’t have to explain to this fine group of experts that Aviation safety integrates system reliability and safety and interaction with other air space users. Aviation safety rests basically on three pillars as depicted on the right. Only if all 3 pillars are equally and adequately addressed can we achieve a proper level of aviation safety. Ideally this 3 pillars approach is reflected in the organisations that deal with military UAS, and I will zoom in again on this issue..
The military aviation authority function we can be divided in three main areas of interest: aeronautics and certification, operations and ATM covering all aspects of military aviation. An authority – where ever positioned and organised in the (national) MOD organisations - regulates all ‘higher’ functions from a aviation safety point of view. Typically standards are set for certification, licensing, approval etc.
Looking at the acquisition function, the organisations active in this area will buy aviation systems (products) based on …CLICK.. operational needs. Their aim is to meet operational requirements for the lowest price, buying the best product. The assets that are to be bought need to cleared to enter national airspace, hence the quest to have a type certification …CLICK… that makes life so much easier for the aviation authorities who will allow the use of the aircraft and the related other elements. However, the ‘freedom’ of military aviation authorities is limited by the existence or a regulatory framework for military aviation. Therefore a constraint for acquisitions is that the products meet aviation requirements (regulations). These regulations …CLICK… are developed in the third function under the responsibility of authorities.
Incidentally, the charting exercise came up with a nice result.. The chosen approach allowed us to link all the mentioned activities discussed this morning to specific areas of the picture and proved to us that there were hardly any overlaps in the work although one would assume that all the working groups would be addressing the same issues.. For instance: Several nations have regulations on airworthiness . This typically specifies what requirements should be met to declare a system safe to fly (certification). ETAP, OCCAR and EUROCAE are currently working on this level. Further NATO FINAS has issued a STANAG-4671 on UAV system Airworthiness Requirements (adapted from the FR USAR document). Only FINAS is working on requirements for continued airworthiness . Recently a manual for Designated UAV Operators (DUO) has been proposed for ratification. Some nations already have implemented EASA compliant regulations and requirements, while others have national agreed regulations and requirements. EUROCONTROL has proposed ATM requirements that would allow access of UAVs to non-segregated airspace. So even if the activities sound as they are covering the same ground, this picture shows you that they are not overlapping.. WHAT NOW ABOUT THE LINK BETWEEN THE MILITARY AND EASA ???
![Cosa è un UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)