Fabrice Monteiro's Amazing Images of Brown. Fugitive Slaves in Slave Torture Devices

1. U.S.
SLAVES
[1] Why does the U.S. government torture people?

2. Fabrice Monteiro's Amazing Images of Brown. Fugitive Slaves In Slave Torture
Devices
"Marrons. Les esclaves fugitifs" (Brown Runaway Fugitive Slaves) photographed by Fabrice
Monteiro
"Brown. Fugitive Slave," is an article published in his newsletter Africultures is an evocation of
runaways through the eyes of Fabrice Monteiro. An article that is timely to commemorate the
163 th anniversary of the abolition of slavery in Guadeloupe, 27 May 2011 .
Fabrice Monteiro's Amazing Images of Brown. Fugitive Slaves In Slave Torture Devices

3. "Marrons. Les esclaves fugitifs" (Brown Runaway Fugitive Slaves) photographed by Fabrice
Monteiro
"Maroon" is a term borrowed from the Spanish "cimarron," meaning "living on the peaks."
It comes from a word "Arawak" defining domestic animals returned to the wild, and by
extension, runaway slaves. The "Maroon" was a terrible threat to the colonial system, they were
likely to provoke a civil war at any time. Fugitive slaves were monitored continuously and the
sentences at the slightest deviation were particularly severe, they had to make an impression.
Fabrice Monteiro's Amazing Images of Brown. Fugitive Slaves In Slave Torture Devices

4. "Marrons. Les esclaves fugitifs" (Brown Runaway Fugitive Slaves) photographed by Fabrice
Monteiro
Slaves who tried to escape suffering the punishment described by the law then they were made to
wear a heavy iron necklace with long stems, which had the function to hang in the brush and
hamper any escape. In the same spirit, they existed in shackles bells, can hear every movement
of the slave. The slave who dared to speak a bit to his master suffered the punishment of the Iron
Mask. Similarly, during the harvest of sugarcane, were put in iron masks to hungry and thirsty
slaves to prevent them from tasting or eating the cane.
Fabrice Monteiro's Amazing Images of Brown. Fugitive Slaves In Slave Torture Devices

5. "Marrons. Les esclaves fugitifs" (Brown Runaway Fugitive Slaves) photographed by Fabrice
Monteiro
During childhood in Benin, Fabrice Monteiro is marked by the cartoon "The Passengers of the
Wind" of Bud Francis. Part of the adventure takes place in Ouidah, Benin, home village of his
father's family. He is fascinated by the realism of images, it recognizes the scene drawn, the
faces are familiar to him. It is in these pages he discovered these strange necklaces worn by some
slaves to keep them from escaping. His father tells him the story of his family and why he wears
a name like many other Portuguese Benin. His ancestor was named Ayedabo Adagoun Odo, his
native Nigeria. He is enslaved by the Portuguese and sent to Brazil. He returned to Benin years
later, freed by the name of Pedro Monteiro.
Fabrice Monteiro's Amazing Images of Brown. Fugitive Slaves In Slave Torture Devices

6. "Marrons. Les esclaves fugitifs" (Brown Runaway Fugitive Slaves) photographed by Fabrice
Monteiro
Sensitive to the issue of the slave trade and the role of this small village on the coast of Benin,
Fabrice decides to explore the subject photographically to contribute to the memory of slavery.
From the * CODE BLACK, lithographs and of the few original photos of slaves, Fabrice plans
reconstructs five models of barriers used to punish or deter the slaves of their escape. It is from
these plans that two young blacksmiths Benin reproduce barriers staged in this photographic
series. To obtain an effect of chiaroscuro, he chose a modern approach to treatment of light. He
designed a black box, allowing a mobile studio to meet its models through the streets of Ouidah.
Fabrice Monteiro's Amazing Images of Brown. Fugitive Slaves In Slave Torture Devices

7. "Marrons. Les esclaves fugitifs" (Brown Runaway Fugitive Slaves) photographed by Fabrice
Monteiro
* The BLACK CODE was developed by the French minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert (1616 - 1683)
and promulgated in March 1685 by Louis XIV. [source: Fabrice Monteiro ( Article published by
Africultures on 05/05/2011)]
Fabrice Monteiro's Amazing Images of Brown. Fugitive Slaves In Slave Torture Devices

8. "Marrons. Les esclaves fugitifs" (Runaway Fugitive Slaves) photographed by Fabrice Monteiro
Fabrice Monteiro's Amazing Images of Brown. Fugitive Slaves In Slave Torture Devices

9. "Marrons. Les esclaves fugitifs" (Runaway Fugitive Slaves) photographed by Fabrice Monteiro
Fabrice Monteiro's Amazing Images of Brown. Fugitive Slaves In Slave Torture Devices

10. "Marrons. Les esclaves fugitifs" (Runaway Fugitive Slaves) photographed by Fabrice Monteiro
Fabrice Monteiro's Amazing Images of Brown. Fugitive Slaves In Slave Torture Devices

11. Fabrice Monteiro's Amazing Images of Brown. Fugitive Slaves In Slave Torture Devices

12. RON'S COMMENTS: Yes, these powerful images are disturbing. It reminds us that human
beings sit at the forefront of ALL enslavement. The state-sponsored institutionalization of
human trafficking and bondage for profit involves human beings. Millions upon millions of
nameless, faceless people who toiled for the enrichment of plutocrats, merchants, kings, queens,
aristocrats, planters, shipbuilders, bankers, insurance brokers, shareholders and the like. They
were never paid, never thanked, even after emancipation never made whole. I honor their spirit
of survival.
This small blog tries to offer a space to historically discuss and make sense of their inhuman
bondage
Fabrice Monteiro's Amazing Images of Brown. Fugitive Slaves In Slave Torture Devices