This document summarizes various tests and procedures used in diagnosing and treating cardiovascular conditions. It discusses cardiac enzyme blood tests that can detect heart attack by monitoring enzyme levels. It also describes cardiac CT scans used to detect issues like coronary artery disease. Additionally, it outlines thrombolytic therapy which dissolves blood clots using drugs to treat heart attacks, strokes, and pulmonary embolisms within 12 hours. The document provides details on the uses, procedures, and contraindications for these diagnostic and treatment options.

1. Cardiovascular SystemMedical ProceduresDiagnostic imagingclinical lab tests Robert Adams Biology 120

2. Clinical Lab testCardiac enzymes Blood test that allows the doctor to use the pattern of enzyme release after myocardial infarction (heart attack) to diagnose condition. One of the best markers for revealing whether or not a heart attack has taken place and asses the degree of myocardial damage. Blood test to determine the level of enzymes specific to heart muscles present in the blood.

3. Cardiac Enzymes Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK) Takes 3-4 days to return to normal in blood stream.

4. Cardiac Enzymes Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Use has been superseded by the use of Troponin.

5. Cardiac Enzymes Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (GOT)

6. Cardiac Enzymes Troponin Rises 6 to 8 hours after heart attack. Takes 10 days to return to normal.

7. Cardiac Enzymes Myoglobin Protein rapidly released after heart attack. Useful in early diagnosis.

8. Cardiac Enzymes Test reveals severity of heart attack. Determines and detects injury to the heart muscle because blood enzymes change in response to myocardial infarction.

9. Cardiac Enzymes Not Useful In Patients with… Heavy alcohol use Recent heavy exercise Recent serious injury Recent CPR or defibrillation Kidney failure Prescription to cholesterol medications

10. Diagnostic imagingcardiac scan Cardiac scan or Cardiac CT (Computed Tomography) scan

11. Cardiac Scan Patient is given radioactive thallium or iodine based dye intravenously. Scanning equipment is then used to visualize the heart. X ray machine moves around body in circle taking pictures of heart. The computer then makes a 3d image of the heart using the pictures.

12. Cardiac Scan USES To detect coronary artery disease or build up of plaque in coronary arteries. To detect problem with heart function and heart valves. To detect aneurysms and pulmonary embolism. To detect pericardial disease.

13. Cardiac Scan Patients should not eat 4 hrs prior to scan. Patients should avoid caffeine consumption before scan. There is a small chance of scan causing cancer in people under the age of 40 due to the radiation involved.

14. Cardiac Scantwo types of scanners Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) Electron Beam Computed Tomography (EBCT)

15. Medical ProcedureThrombolytic Therapy Process where drugs are injected into a blood vessel to dissolve blood clots or thrombosis.

16. Thrombolytic therapy Patients have a better chance of surviving heart attack or stroke when given thrombolytic drugs within 12 hours. Also used for pulmonary embolism. Deep vein thrombosis

17. Thrombolytic Therapy Patients suffering from the following are given this treatment. Chest pain Blurred vision in one eye Slurred speech Severe swelling in extremity Pain or numbness in a limb Sudden weakness Numbness or tingling in one side of the body

18. Thrombolytic therapyDrugs used Lanoteplase Recteplase Staphylokinase Streptokinase Tenectplase Urokinase

19. Thrombolytic therapy Patients will not receive this therapy if… Recent head injury Bleeding problems Uncontrolled blood pressure History of internal bleeding Pregnancy Surgery Trauma Taking blood thinning medications Diabetes