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1. Management Information system
Case Study
Topic:
1. Is iPad a disruptive technology?
2. When radiation therapy kills
Introduction:
Key Role players:
iPad a disruptive technology:
The cyclical nature of consumer electronics is playing a role with the tablet swings
we are seeing. But even with all the speculation or fear of the apocalypsewith the
tablet market, I still hold the opinion that it has lots of headroom and for the
perceived underdog (Apple) it is highly strategic to their strategy in many
countries.
Why do I say Apple is a perceived underdog? Well, its simple. Even though Apple
sells more tablets than any other vendor by a healthy percentage, Android's tablet
market share has been gaining. Much of this has to do with the low-cost Android
tablet momentum in places like China and other emerging markets. In mature
markets like the US, Uk, and Japan, the iPad and iOS are still dominating.
However, our research indicates an overwhelming number of consumers who
purchased a low-cost tablet felt buyers remorse and intend to spend more money
on their next purchase. There are only a handful of good premium tablets and
Apple is the leader there putting them in a good position.
When Radiation Therapy kills:
 Radiation therapy uses high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells by
damaging their DNA.

2.  Radiation therapy can damage normal cells as well as cancer cells.
Therefore, treatment must be carefully planned to minimize side effects.
 The radiation used for cancer treatment may come from a machine outside
the body, or it may come from radioactive material placed in the bodynear
tumor cells or injected into the bloodstream.
 A patient may receive radiation therapy before, during, or after surgery,
depending on the type of cancer being treated.
 Some patients receive radiation therapy alone, and some receive radiation
therapy in combination with chemotherapy.
Determinants:
Analysis:
Is the ipad a disruptive technology?
1. Evaluate the impact of the iPad using Porter's competitive forces model.
• Substitute products and services
Substitute productis the products that are similar and have most or some
functionality as the iPad are available. When the iPad had commercialized, it
becomes a substitute product. As the example, before the existing of iPad, we
commonly will get our favorite music or album in the music store. Now, it is easy
because we can just get the new song or album via iPad.
• Customers
Customer will prefer the productwith very lower price for their own
satisfaction. For an example, if someone like a song of a singer, so he/she will
prefer to download that song only via iPad and he/she won't buy the whole album
which is to expensive and not worth it. It is because they only want to hear one of
their favorite song but they need to buy an albums that places many song on it.
• Supplier
The other impact is iPad offer a better price to their supplier. Forthe example,
the iTunes music store changed the customer perception of album and music

3. bundles. Now consumers have drastically reduced their consumption of album,
preferring to purchase and download one song at a time.
• Traditional competitor
The traditional competitors for iPad are televisions, newspapers, books, music
stores and magazines. Because of the iPad, all the print media will going slow in
market.
• New market entrants
iPad give the new surface when there are many publishers' changes their interest
to publish their books through the e-books.
2. What makes the iPad a disruptive technology? Who are likely to be the winners
and losers if the iPad becomes a hit? Why?
The iPad is known as a disruptive technology because it becomes the
distributers productor service which make their own strategy marketing by replace
all the basic technology suchas radio, notebook, television and newspaper.
~ Winners : The winner in this caseis Apple because its ability to replaces many
item into one iPad. Apple able to compete with many competitors from different
industries. such as like Apple company succeed get e-books as their supplier, get
download any music with lower rate and so on. By all mean, iPad is successfulby
replacing all the basic technology.
~ Losers : The competitor industry like newspaper which it needs to produce
newspaper and get customer to buy it at any store but iPad make it as simple as e-
News which customer can only read it at their own iPad.
3. Describe the effects that the iPad is likely to have on the business models of
Apple, content creators and distributors.
Apple understand that it is need that high-quality content from all the type of
media it offers on its devices to be truly successful. This is because to make sure
that all the customer satisfied with them. Make deals with each media industry to
distribute the content that users want to watch at a price agreed to by the content
owners and the platform owners. and from that, it will becomemore successfulin
the future.

4. When Radiation Therapy Kills
Q.1. What conceptin this chapter are illustrated in this case? What ethical issues
are raised by radiation technology?
There are three basic conceptthat can be apply in ethics in an information society.
The conceptthat illustrated in this case is accountability. Accountability can be
define as the responsibility to someone or for some activity. In this casehospital
need to find the mechanism to identify the responsible parties for the radiation
therapy kills. The research of New York City hospitals found that the key of this
problem cause by the combination of the malfunctions and user error that cause the
patient were exposed to excessive dosages of radiation in his body.
One of the ethical issues that raised by radiation technology is machine
malfunction. Machine malfunction happens when technician was coding certain
codeof threating their patient, the machine was doing the other things. Moreover,
human error is one of the ethical issue that raised by radiation technology. The
technician had failed to notice error massage on the machine screen indicate that
there is an error regards on the radiation therapy treatment.
Moreover, human error also is one of the ethical issues. This is because when
technician wrongly setting the machine, it will effect the patients health. For
example, as a results of the careless of the technician, Mr. Jerome-Parks receives
an overdoseradiation that make him experiences deafness and near-blindness,
ulcers in his mouth and throat, persistent nausea, and severe pain. This will make
the patient suffer because of the carelessness of the staff who in charge the
machine.
Q.2. What management, organization, and technology factors were responsible for
the problems detailed in this case? Explain the role of each.
Management
1. Lack of training of the staff (doctors,technicians & operators)
2. Develop a mandatory machinery checklist for employees
3. Inadequate staffing
4. Organization
5. Held individuals more accountable
6. Implementation an internal incident reporting system

5. Technology
1. Software glitches
2. “The complexity of new linear accelerator technology has not been
accomplished appropriately updates in software”
Q.3. Do you feel that any of the groups involved with this issue (hospital
administration, technicians, medical equipment and software
manufactures) should accept the majority of the blame for these
incidents?
Three categories of errors
1. Errors cause by machinery complexity.
2. Errors caused by medical personal that operate such machinery.
3. Hospital administration errors.
4. Medical machinery and software manufactures claim that hospitals
that provide with radiation treatment should be responsible for
training their staff to correctly operate radiological equipment.
5. Technicians claim that they are understaffed and overworked and
that there are no procures in place that would check accuracy of
their work.
6. Hospitals on the other hand, claim that manufactures should be
doing better job providing radiation equipment with fail-safe
mechanisms.
7. State government as a regulator and controller of groups involved
in radiation therapy and the one who is majorly responsible for
medical errors associated with radiological mistreatment.
Q.4. How would a central reporting agency that gathered data on
radiation-related accidents help reduce the number of radiation therapy
errors in the future?

6. Emerging Issue
1. Radiation overdoses
2. Misadministration
3. Deaths/near deaths
How can data be used to help?
1. Standardize
2. Monitor
3. Train
4. Install a safety culture
Managers within the MIS
1. Utilize raw data
2. Reporting techniques
3. Consultation service
4. Aid to change policy and procedures
Complying with federal & state reporting mandates R&D of unique
techniques that educes personnel time and related costs in processing
data, personnel, including mid-level management, senior to junior
programmer analysis, provides 24-hour, 7 day support for
communications network that will reap the benefits of technological
change by building an economical, efficient, and salable and integrated
computer system.
Q.5. If you were in charge of designing electronic software for a linear
accelerator
What are some features you would include?

7. Are there any features you would avoid?
1. Design software with the technicians need in mind.
2. Need to be able to simultaneously include the technicians to double
check and guarantee they would monitor the screen when
necessary.
3. A fail-safe mechanism should be put in place. Include an automatic
alert that allows the system to shut down when it exceeds a
radiation level that can cause harm to the human body.
4. Program the system to have every crash sent back to the
manufacturing/management firm.
Recommendation:
Conclusion: