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Network Security Lec5

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Federal Urdu University
Federal Urdu University

The document discusses network security and techniques for providing message authentication and integrity, including message digests, message authentication codes, and hash functions. It describes how message digests and MACs can detect modifications to messages and prevent masquerading by using secret keys. It also covers attacks like preimage attacks and collision attacks that aim to undermine these integrity protections.

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Network Security Lecture 5
Public Key Cryptography and messae authentication ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Information Integrity Problems ,[object Object],Insert new record for Darth’s salary of $1,000,000 Salary Database E D E
Information Integrity Problems ,[object Object],Masquerading as Alice “ Give Darth a $10,000 raise -- Alice” E
Information Integrity Problems ,[object Object],“ Open the front gate. -- Alice” E
Information Integrity Problems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Public storage M M ´
Information Integrity Problems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Public storage M M
Message Digest ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Message Digest ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Message Error detection bits
Modification Detection Code: MDC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Public storage M ´ h( M ´ ) h compare h( M )
Message Authentication Code:MAC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Message Authentication Code ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Solving Integrity Problems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Preimage Attack ,[object Object],[object Object],Public storage M ´ h( M ´ ) h Same! h( M )
Preimage Attack ,[object Object],[object Object],“ I’ll find some combination of these so they can’t detect the difference!”
Collision Attack ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Collision Attack ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],“We like kittens” h( “We like kittens” ) “ Give Darth a $5000 raise”
Digests and Networks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],M 
Digests and Networks ,[object Object],[object Object],M  h( M  )
Message Authentication Codes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Message Authentication Codes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],M h ( M , k ) h ( M , k ) M h k h ( M , k ) compare “ If they match, then sender must have same key k as I do”
Authentication and Confidentiality ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],h h h h h h h
Prefix/Postfix MAC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Message
Nested MAC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Chained MAC (CMAC) ,[object Object],[object Object]
Chained MAC (CMAC) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Chained MAC (CMAC) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Chained MAC (CMAC) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Chained MAC (CMAC) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Compression Functions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],f Message of arbitrary size m -bit digest
Compression Functions ,[object Object],[object Object],f k -bit message m -bit digest
Iterated Hash Function Merkle-Damgard scheme If the compression function in Merkle-Damgard scheme is collision resistant, the Hash function is also collision resistant
Iterated Hash Function ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],f n -bit message block M i m -bit digest H i m -bit digest H i-1
Types of Hash Algorithms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Block Ciphers for Hashing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Block Ciphers for Hashing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Network Security Lec5

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  • 32. Iterated Hash Function Merkle-Damgard scheme If the compression function in Merkle-Damgard scheme is collision resistant, the Hash function is also collision resistant
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