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Brief Introduction to IT Planning and Project Management
This presentation is the result of a class assignment at Suffolk University (MBA) on technology and its application. It is a brief overview of information technology strategic planning and IT project management similarities, differences and how they can and should best be used together for a competitive advantage in modern organizations. Sources are listed on the last slide.
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Brief Introduction to IT Planning and Project Management
- 1.
- 2. Strategic ITPlanning IT Project Management How they are related Ways to help
- 3. “ Clarifying an organization's main purpose, aligning its priorities and resources with that purpose, and identifying how to judge success in fulfilling that purpose” Leads to: the definition of the IT organization's mission, the formulation of IT-specific goals, and the development of actions that will be implemented to meet those goals Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
- 4. Structured process forevaluation of IT application Foundation for task-oriented and operational plans Recognized best practice for achieving long-term objectives Support for IT budget initiatives Improvement of IT management
- 5. Time : 3to 5 years out Medium: Presentation or document Contents: Executive summary Scope Business Context Principles Metrics
- 6. Connects IT strategywith the business strategy Need not wait on business strategy " The purpose of the IT strategic plan is to improve the business-IT relationship. A CIO needs it to communicate with the business, to tell them that he understands the company's needs and to set expectations ." - Allex Cullen , vice president and research director at Forrester Research
- 7. Justifies information technologydirection Helps IT staff be less reactionary "People in the business are very focused on operations or other minutiae. IT can help the business articulate what will help it win and how IT fits into that. Then you go from just being an order taker to actually influencing overall strategy.“ – Dave Aron , vice president and research director for Gartner Executive Programs .
- 8. Failure to reviewand update Inflexibility (Scenario: We-agreed-to-this-and-we-won’t-change) Too much detail or too lengthy in pages Jargon heavy or failure to consider audience
- 9. Strategic ITPlanning IT Project Management How they are related Ways to help
- 10. “ A methodicalapproach to planning and guiding project processes from start to finish.” Five stages of project, according to PMI: Initiation Planning Executing Controlling Closing Sources: SearchCIO-Midmarket.com , Project Management Institute, Wikipedia
- 11. Short-term efforts tocreate a unique product, service or environment Common examples: Network infrastructure Servers e-Commerce site Desktop images Databases
- 12. Sequential – “Commonlanguage” Traditional 5 step PRINCE2 Mathematical – “Resource allocation” Critical Chain or path Event chain (beyond critical chain) Function / process – “High complexity & uncertainty” Extreme * Process-based * Rational Unified Process (RUP) * * = Used mainly for software or product development
- 13. PMs are: Professionalsin the field of project management Responsible for planning, execution and closing of projects Accountable for managing the “triple constraint” (cost, time, scope) PMI is a not-for-profit organization Research, standards, credentials PMBOK Guide
- 14. Inadequate planning andcommunication Wrong people on project Misuse of resources Project managers not certified Scope creep No change management Unreasonable deadlines According to The Standish Group , “…only 29 percent of IT projects conducted in 2004 were completed successfully. “
- 15. Strategic ITPlanning IT Project Management How they are related Ways to help
- 16. STRATEGIC IT PLANNINGLong term, continuous Sets direction Uses toolkits and templates IT PROJECT MANAGEMENT Shorter term, finite Manages action Uses methodologies and software Think of it like a 401K plan.
- 17. STRATEGIC IT PLANNINGExecutives: CIOs CEOs COOs Business Directors HR Operations Legal IT Management Consultants IT PROJECT MANAGEMENT Project Managers (internal or external) IT staff: Developers, Network Admin, Architects, DBA, Analysts Other, Managers and Senior Business Staff in: HR Operations Legal IT
- 18. Strategic ITPlanning IT Project Management How they are related Ways to help
- 19. Read the strategicIT plan Help with the selection of project staff Allow flexible work schedules Stay abreast of daily operations Prepare for change
- 20. http://www.acf.hhs.gov/nhsitrc/it_planning/strategic_planning/back.html http://ocio.os.doc.gov/ITPolicyandPrograms/Policy___Standards/dev01_002674 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_managementhttp://www.pmi.org/Resources/Pages/Library-of-PMI-Global-Standards-Projects.aspx http://www.cio.com/article/40342/ABC_An_Introduction_to_IT_Project_Management http://searchcio-midmarket.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid183_gci951200,00.html# http://www.cio.com/article/174253/Anatomy_of_an_IT_Strategic_Plan http://www.cio.com/article/173600/How_to_Get_Real_About_Strategic_Planning http://www.cio.com/article/174251/Tales_from_the_Darkside_IT_Strategic_Planning_Mistakes_to_Avoid
Editor's Notes
- #13 The are numerous approaches to and theories for project management. Some have been around since the 50s and 60s and others were created, like… yesterday. Most can be loosely grouped by methodology like sequential and mathematical for example. Sequential approaches identify a sequence of steps (or gates) to be completed . For example… In the traditional approach (which we talked about earlier as initiation, planning, executing, controlling and closing) we can distinguish the 5 components of a project during the development of the project. While some projects may go through steps 2, 3 and 4 multiple times the method is sill very sequential in nature. PRINCE2 is a newer method for managing projects within a clearly defined framework. In the method each process is specified with its key inputs and outputs and with specific goals and activities to be carried out, so this gives sort of an automatic control of any deviations from the plan. The plus about all sequential approaches is that they provide common language for talking about projects. So in this way they can be widely used regardless of project or industry. Mathematical approaches typically provide some type of algorithm for determining priorities. In Critical Chain or critical path Project Management emphasis is placed on the resources (people, equipment, time, etc.) required to execute project tasks and the constraints placed on those resources. So let’s say Susan and Greg are resources working together to upgrade a suite of web servers. Susan is purchasing the hardware and Greg is configuring it. Obviously, Greg can’t compete his task until Susan has completed hers. In other words, Greg is constrained by Susan on the project. The longest sequence of resource-constrained tasks is what is called the “critical chain or path”. Tasks on the critical chain are given priority and projects are planned and managed to ensure that the critical chain tasks are ready to start as soon as the resources are available. Event chain methodology takes this up a notch. It uses a fancy uncertainty modeling technique to determine the critical path. The goal of all mathematical approaches to increase the rate of throughput (or completion rates) of projects through resource allocation and prioritization. Lastly there is a school of methodology that arose based on function or process. Some of the more traditional approaches to project management were suited for large, one-time, non-routine projects and actually slowed down projects with strong development components such as the creation of software and products. Extreme Project Management uses principles of human interaction management to deal with the complexities of human collaboration on complex and very uncertain projects. In Process-based management the project is seen as a series of small tasks to be conceived and executed as the situation demands in an adaptive manner, rather than as a completely pre-planned process. The Rational Unified Process is an iterative software development process framework created by the Rational Software Corporation (which began here in Massachusetts and was bought by IBM in 2003). RUP as it is called is not a concrete prescriptive process. It’s a adaptable frame work intended to be tailored by the development organizations and software project teams as appropriate for their needs. All of the function and process based approaches are geared for use in development environments where there is a great deal of uncertainty at the onset of a project.
- #18 Notes: