1. Mongi Bellili

2. Preview
• Introduction of Antarctica.
• The discovery of Antarctica.
• The race to the South Pole.
• Antarctica today.

3. Introduction of Antarctica
• Fifth-largest continent.
• About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice.

4. Introduction of Antarctica
• Include animals (penguins, seals), plants
(algae, tundra) and bacteria.

5. The discovery of Antarctica
• In 1773, James Cook (British) came within 75
miles of the coast.
• In 1820, Von Bellingshausen and Mikhail
Lazarev (Russia) reached a point within 20
miles.
• In 1839, Charles Wilkes (United States)
confimed the discovery of an Antarctic
continent.

6. The race to the South Pole
• In 1902, Robert Scott (British) and Ernest
Shackleton (Irish), reached 82 S.
• In 1909, Shackleton reached 88 S.
• In 1911, the Norwegian Roald Amundsen was
the first human to reach the South Pole.

7. The race to the South Pole
• Roald Amundsen.
• The permanent scientific base at the pole bears
their names.

8. Antarctica today
• Politics (claims).
• Economy (fishing, tourism, natural resources).
• Activities (scientific stations).
• The environment.