Benoit Claise's "Data Modes and Automation" for NetOps Coding #1 (Japanese notes added by Miya)

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YANG Data Models and
Automation
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Benoit Claise, Cisco, bclaise@cisco.com
October 2015

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Background
• Cisco: Distinguished Engineer
• Passion for manageability and instrumentation in devices
デバイスの管理と計測にずっと力をいれています
• SNMP, MIB, IP SLA, Embedded Event Manager, IP SLA, NetFlow, NETCONF/
RESTCONF, YANG models, event MIB/expression MIB
• IETF Area Director for Operations and Management (OPS)
• Believer in standard protocol and data models
標準プロトコルとデータモデルの信奉者です
• Focus on NETCONF/RESTCONF and YANG
最近はNETCONF/RESTCONFとYANGにフォーカスしています
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Automation is Required
• More intelligence in devices/networks is good
デバイスやネットワークにintelligenceがあることはよいこと
• However, time (and money) is required for customization/configuration
しかし，カスタマイズやコンフィグには時間とお金がかかる
Example: Embedded Event Manager as opposed to SNMP
例：SNMPではなくEEMを使う場合
• Looking at the scale of networks today …
現在のネットワークのスケールを考えると…
• Looking at the frequency of change today …
現在の変更の頻度を考えると…
• … Automation from the NMS is required!
…NMSからの自動化が必要！！
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自動化の必要性

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What is YANG? なぜYANGか?
• YANG: Yet Another Next-Generation
• YANG Language: A data modeling language that produces YANG data models
YANG言語：YANG
data
modelを生産するモデリング言語
• YANG Data-Model: explicitly and precisely determines the structure, syntax and
semantics of the data
YANG
Data
Model：明確かつ詳細に構造，文法，意味を規定
• Define management information for NETCONF
NETCONFの管理情報を定義
• Original focus on configuration information, but not restricted to it
当初はコンフィグ情報にフォーカス．しかしそれに限るものではない
• Can be separated from NETCONF (not a goal of the specification, but an important aspect)
NETCONFとは分離可能（仕様のゴールではかったが重要な側面） 4

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Transport
Remote
Operations
Mgmt
Services
Mgmt info
(encoding)
Mgmt info
(definition)
XML-encoded
content
YANG modules
NETCONF
operations
XML
RPC
TLS,
SSH
XML/
JSON
HTTP
RESTCONF
TCP
IETF NETCONF WG Status: RESTCONF
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Why YANG? Why Data Models? なぜYANG，なぜData
Model?
• Because YANG is the standard language for network configuration (and also
monitoring) YANGはネットワークコンフィグ（と監視）のための標準言語
Network Modeling (NETMOD) working group:
http://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/netmod/
• Because data models = APIs
• Data Modeling-driven set of APIs is key for automation
Model-­‐driven
API
setは，自動化のための鍵
• Note: the encoding is just one encoding…
• NEW: “The NETMOD working group has defined the data modeling language YANG, which can be
used to specify network management data models that are transported over such protocols as
NETCONF and RESTCONF. “
新：NETMOD
WGはYANG
data
modeling言語を定義したが，それはNETCONFやRESTCONFなどのプロトコル
で運ばれるネットワーク管理データモデルに使うことができる
• OLD: "manipulated by the NETCONF protocol”
旧： NETCONFプロトコルによって操作される
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YANG Data Models Development
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www.claise.be
http://www.
yangvalidator.com/

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YANG Data Models Development
• More than 480 YANG data models in OpenDaylight
• Metro Ethernet Forum developed Service OAM (SOAM), Fault Management
(FM), and Performance Management(PM) YANG models and is currently
working on EVC based services as defined in MEF 6.2 and 7.3.
• The IEEE, has approved a project for 802.1x and 802.1q models, with interest in
developing an 802.3 model.
• Broadband Forum interest
• ITU-T discussion
• Coordination job inside and outside the IETF
• YANG Model Classification, draft-bogdanovic-netmod-yang-model-classification-05
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Other IETF YANG-related Activities
• L3SM Working Group, L3VPN Service YANG Module
• Typically on top of a controller/orchestrator
基本的にはcontroller/orchestrator上
• Need to produce all device-central for this L3VPN Service YANG Module
このL3VPNサービスYANGモジュールのために，全てのdevice
central
modelを生産する必要がある
• LIME Working Group, Layer Independent OAM Management in the Multi-Layer
Environment
• Focusing on OAM YANG data models for consistent configuration, reporting, and presentation
一貫性のあるコンフィグ，レポート，表現のためのOAM
YANG
data
modelにフォーカス
• SUPA Working Group, Simplified Use of Policy Abstractions
• YANG data models for generic policies
一般的なポリシーのためのYANG
data
model
• I2NSF, Interface to Network Security Functions
• Focusing on security related YANG models
セキュリティー関連のYANG
data
modelにフォーカス
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Messages
• YANG is the data modeling language for configuration and monitoring
YANGはコンフィグおよび監視のためのmodeling言語
• Data Modeling-driven set of APIs is key for automation
Data
Model
driven
API
setは，自動化のための鍵である
• And automation is required these days
今日では自動化は必須
• Many YANG data model developments 多くのdata
modelが開発されている
• In different standard development organizations (but primarly at the IETF),
• In opensource
• NETCONF and RESTCONF(XML/JSON)
• Vendor implementation (you know how to contact me)
ヴェンダ実装.. (コンタクトして戴いて構いません．．) 10

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References
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NETCONF IETF Standard Information
V 1.0 V 1.1 Extension
RFC 3535
Background and Requirements
RFC 6241
1.1 Base NETCONF Protocol
RFC 5277
Event Notifications
RFC 4741
1.0 Base NETCONF Protocol
RFC 6242
NETCONF over SSH
RFC 5717
Partial Locking
RFC 4742
NETCONF over SSH
RFC 6243
With defaults
RFC 6244
NETCONF + YANG
Architectural Overview
RFC 6536 NETCONF
Access Control Model
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Standard References: YANG
• RFC 6020: YANG – A Data Modeling Language for the Network Configuration Protocol
• RFC 6087: Guidelines for Authors and Reviewers of YANG Data Model Documents
• RFC 6110: Mapping YANG to Document Schema Definition Languages and Validating
NETCONF Content
• RFC 6643: Translation of SMIv2 MIB Modules to YANG Modules
• RFC 6991: Common YANG Data Types
• RFC 7223: A YANG Data Model for Interface Management
• RFC 7224: IANA Interface Type YANG Module
• RFC 7227: A YANG Data Model for IP Management
• RFC 7317: A YANG Data Model for System Management
• RFC 7407: A YANG Data Model for SNMP Configuration
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YANG Resources
• YANG Doctors: http://www.ietf.org/iesg/directorate/yang-doctors.html
• YANG Model Coordination Group:
http://www.ietf.org/iesg/directorate/yang-model-coordination-group.html
• The Routing Area YANG Coordination Forum:
http://trac.tools.ietf.org/area/rtg/trac/wiki/RtgYangCoord
• All the stats compiled on www.claise.be
• http://www.yangvalidator.com/
• http://www.yang-central.org
• http://www.netconfcentral.org/
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