PSGI/Plack OSDC.TW

Plack Superglue for Perl Web Frameworks Tatsuhiko Miyagawa OSDC. 2010

• • Six Apart • 177 CPAN modules (id:MIYAGAWA) • @miyagawa • http://bulknews.typepad.com/

Web Frameworks (in Perl)

Sharing, Stealing and Importing

Web Frameworks in Perl

Many ways to write Perl web applications

Maypole Mason Mojo Sledge Catalyst Spoon PageKit AxKit Egg Gantry Continuity Solstice Mojolicious Tripletail Konstrukt Reaction Jifty Cyclone3 WebGUI OpenInteract Squatting Dancer CGI::Application Nanoa Ark Angelos Noe Schenker Tatsumaki Amon Apache2::WebApp Web::Simple Apache2::REST SweetPea Hydrant Titanium

Some ways to run Perl web applications

CGI, FastCGI & mod_perl

CGI.pm

Runs “ﬁne” on: CGI, FastCGI, mod_perl (1 & 2) Standalone (with HTTP::Server::Simple)

CGI.pm = LCD Perl core module

8803 lines of code First ver. in Nov.1995

CGI.PM MUST DIE!

(just kidding)

Catalyst The most popular perl web framework as of today

Catalyst::Engine::* Server abstractions. Apache, FastCGI, Standalone and Prefork No CGI.pm

CGI.pm Jifty, CGI::Application, Spoon mod_perl centric Mason, Sledge, PageKit, WebGUI Adapters Catalyst, Maypole, Squatting

Can we share?

HTTP::Engine Yappo, tokuhirom and nothingmuch etc.

:-) Ported Catalyst engine code and made it sharable

:-( Monolithic code base No separation of interface & impl.

Steal great idea from Python/Ruby

Import stuff proven popular from Python/Ruby

PROVEN POPULAR!

Popular and successful in Python and Ruby

WSGI (Python) Rack (Ruby)

WSGI (PEP-333)

WSGI • Django • mod_wsgi • Bottle • Paste • CherryPy • gunicorn • Tornado • uWSGI • Pylons • wsgiref • Flask • Google AppEngine

Django Bottle Flask Tornado WSGI middleware WSGI wsgi handlers Apache lighttpd nginx mod_wsgi GAE

Rack • Rails • Unicorn • Merb • Thin • Sinatra • Mongrel • Camping • Rainbows! • Ramaze • Phusion Passenger • etc. • Heroku

Rails Merb Sinatra Ramaze Rack middleware Rack Rack handlers Apache lighttpd Thin Unicorn Mongrel

PSGI Perl Web Server Gateway Interface

Interface

# WSGI def hello(environ, start_response): start_response(“200 OK”, [ (‘Content-Type’, ‘text/plain’) ]) return [“Hello World”]

# Rack class Hello def call(env) return [ 200, { “Content-Type” => ”text/plain” }, [“Hello World”] ] end end

# PSGI my $app = sub { my $env = shift; return [ 200, [ ‘Content-Type’, ‘text/plain’ ], [ ‘Hello World’ ], ]; };

PSGI application code reference $app = sub {...};

my $app = sub { my $env = shift; return [ $status, $header, $body ]; };

environment hash $env: CGI-like env variables + psgi.input, psgi.errors etc.

Response array ref with three elements status code, headers (array ref) and body (IO-like or array ref)

$body IO::Handle-like getline() and close()

IO::Handle::Util Easily turns perl code ref into a IO::Handle

Streaming interface

my $app = sub { my $env = shift; return sub { my $respond = shift; # You could do some event loop # to delay response (e.g. Comet) $respond->([ $status, $header, $body ]); }; };

my $app = sub { my $env = shift; return sub { my $respond = shift; my $w = $respond->([ $status, $header ]); $w->write($body); $w->write($body); ... $w->close; }; };

Streaming Interface Originally designed for non-blocking servers Now available for most servers incl. CGI, Apache

Catalyst CGI::App Jifty Tatsumaki Plack::Middleware PSGI Plack::Handler::* (CGI, FCGI, Apache) Apache lighttpd HTTP::Server::PSGI mod_psgi Perlbal

PSGI adaptation

Maypole Mason Mojo Sledge Catalyst Spoon PageKit AxKit Egg Gantry Continuity Solstice Mojolicious Tripletail Konstrukt Reaction Jifty Cyclone3 WebGUI OpenInteract Squatting Dancer CGI::Application Nanoa Ark Angelos Noe Schenker Tatsumaki Amon Apache2::WebApp Web::Simple Apache2::REST SweetPea Hydrant Titanium

Applications Movable Type, WebGUI

# Catalyst use MyApp; MyApp->setup_engine(‘PSGI’); my $app = sub { MyApp->run(@_) }; # $app is a PSGI app!

# Jifty use MyPonyApp; my $app = MyPonyApp->psgi_app; # $app is a PSGI app!

# Dancer use Dancer; get ‘/’ => sub { “Hello World”; }; use Dancer::Conﬁg ‘setting’; setting apphandler => ‘PSGI’; my $app = sub { my $r = Dancer::Request->new(shift); Dancer->dance($r); }; # $app is a PSGI app!

# Mojolicious::Lite use Mojolicious::Lite; get ‘/:name’ => sub { my $self = shift; $self->render_text(‘Hello!’); }; shagadelic; # returns PSGI app

# Web::Simple use Web::Simple ‘MyApp’; package MyApp; dispatch { sub(GET) { [ 200, [...], [ ‘Hello’ ] ]; } }; my $app = MyApp->as_psgi; # $app is a PSGI app!

Plack “PSGI toolkit”

HTTP::Server::PSGI Reference PSGI web server bundled in Plack

Plack::Handler Connects PSGI apps to Web servers CGI, FastCGI, Apache, SCGI

Plackup Runs PSGI app instantly from CLI (inspired by rackup)

> plackup app.psgi

Middleware

my $app = sub { my $env = shift; return [ $status, $header, $body ]; }; my $mw = sub { my $env = shift; # do something with $env my $res = $app->($env); # do something with $res; return $res; };

Middleware Debug, Session, Logger, Runtime, Static, AccessLog, ConditionalGET, ErrorDocument, StackTrace, Auth::Basic, Auth::Digest, ReverseProxy, Refresh etc. (Imported from Rack and Paste)

Plack::Middleware reusable and extensible Middleware framework Plack::Builder DSL in .psgi

my $app = sub { return [ $status, $header, $body ]; }; use Plack::Builder; builder { enable “Static”, root => “/htdocs”, path => qr!^/static/!; enable “Deﬂater”; # gzip/deﬂate $app; }

plackup compatible plackup -e ‘enable “Foo”;’ app.psgi

Plack::App::URLMap Multiplex multiple apps Integrated with Builder DSL (Imported from Rack)

use CatApp; use CGIApp; my $c1 = sub { CatApp->run }; my $c2 = sub { CGIApp->run_psgi }; use Plack::Builder; builder { mount “/cat” => $c1; mount “/cgi-app” => builder { enable “StackTrace”; $c2; }; }

CGI::PSGI Easy migration from CGI.pm

CGI::Emulate::PSGI CGI::Compile Easiest migration from CGI scripts (like Registry)

Plack::Request like libapreq (Apache::Request) wrapper APIs for middleware developers

Plack::Test Uniﬁed interface to write tests with Mock HTTP and Live HTTP

use Plack::Test; use HTTP::Request::Common; my $app = sub { my $env = shift; return [ $status, $header, $body ]; }; test_psgi app => $app, client => sub { my $cb = shift; my $req = GET “http://localhost/foo”; my $res = $cb->($req); # test $res; };

use Plack::Test; use HTTP::Request::Common; $Plack::Test::Impl = “Server”; my $app = sub { my $env = shift; return [ $status, $header, $body ]; }; test_psgi app => $app, client => sub { my $cb = shift; my $req = GET “http://localhost/foo”; my $res = $cb->($req); # test $res; };

PSGI Web Servers

Starman UNIX Preforking HTTP servers (like Unicorn.rb) HTTP/1.1 chunk + keep-alives / Very Fast

Twiggy Non-blocking web server (like Thin.rb) based on AnyEvent framework

Corona Coroutine for each connection based on Coro.pm

HTTP::Server::Simple::PSGI Zero-deps other than HTTP::Server::Simple Best for embedding PSGI applications

nginx embedded perl http://github.com/yappo/nginx-psgi-patchs

mod_psgi http://github.com/spiritloose/mod_psgi

evpsgi http://github.com/sekimura/evpsgi

Perlbal plugin http://github.com/miyagawa/Perlbal-Plugin-PSGI

uWSGI http://projects.unbit.it/uwsgi/

Catalyst CGI::App Jifty Tatsumaki Plack::Middleware PSGI Plack::Handler::* (CGI, FCGI, Apache) Apache lighttpd HTTP::Server::PSGI mod_psgi Perlbal Starman Twiggy uWSGI Corona evpsgi

Play with it

> cpanm Plack > cpanm Task::Plack

Cloud? (Heroku, GAE)

Sunaba http://sunaba.plackperl.org/

Runs on ’s Sandbox ( )

You can even try: system(“rm -fr /”); while (1) { }

• PSGI is an interface, Plack is the code. • We have many (pretty fast) PSGI servers. • We have adapters and tools for most web frameworks. • Use it!

• Sharing is important. • Stealing is a good start. • Importing something successful is great.

http://github.com/miyagawa/Plack http://plackperl.org/ http://blog.plackperl.org/ irc://irc.perl.org/#plack

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PSGI/Plack OSDC.TW

by Tatsuhiko Miyagawa

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