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Trend Research

Be Better Than Average:
A study on the state of frontline leadership

Written by
Richard S. Wellins, Ph.D.
Aviel Selkovits
Debbie McGrath

If one word could describe the job of
being a frontline leader today, it would
be “harder.” Growing demands for greater
productivity, more innovation, and doing
more with less, have made leading at the
frontline as challenging—or even more
challenging—as ever.

The Talent Management Expert
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While technology has made many tasks in the world of
work easier, faster, and, in some ways, more intuitive,
leadership remains a difficult pursuit.
Recent research suggests the weight of these challenges. In a 2012 DDI study, 1 in 3
employees said they feel their supervisor is ineffective (Lessons for Leaders from the
People Who Matter, DDI, 2012)
In the summer of 2012, DDI and HR.com partnered to survey 291 Human Resources
executives in the United States and Canada to find out just how well frontline leaders
are handling these challenges, and how well organizations are preparing them to do so.
What we found is that organizations are doing an average job of not only developing
their frontline leaders, but also of selecting and promoting those leaders in the first place.
In this study report, which draws on the findings of that survey, we will address how
the following factors are contributing to the current state of frontline leadership:
1. Selecting frontline leaders is often left more to chance than to a plan.
2. Interpersonal skills are the number-one reason frontline leaders fail.
3. Frontline leadership development is often short-sighted.
Additionally, we will discuss the implications of these issues, and offer insights into
how organizations can take their frontline leaders from average to exceptional.

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FRONTLINE LEADERS ARE AVERAGE, AND THE IMPLICATIONS
FOR ORGANIZATIONS ARE HUGE
Year after year, surveys are released that shine a light on the plight of the frontline leader—a
plight that seems to remain little changed, even given the significant investments organizations
continue to make in leadership development. This begs a significant question: Why are we
investing so much in leadership development if leader quality remains stuck in low gear?
Figure 1 shows exactly why organizations should continue to care, and why they need to take
another look at how (as opposed to why) they are developing their frontline leaders. As the
chart shows, the HR executives surveyed identified a robust list of the outcomes that they saw
in their organizations from mediocre leadership. More than half indicated they experienced
turnover of leaders or their team members, and one in four respondents indicated their business
suffered a loss in profitability. No matter what industry or firm you work for, this negative impact
adds up quickly.

FIGURE 1: THE RESULTS OF MEDIOCRE FRONTLINE LEADERS

Loss of team member engagement

69%

Loss of productivity

65%

Leader left organization

59%

Team members left organization

57%

Loss of leader engagement

40%

Forced to move leader back to individual contributor

32%

Loss of profit
Other

26%
4%

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There are two main reasons pointing to why frontline leaders are average. The
first is that their development is average as well. Only 19 percent of respondents
felt their leadership development quality was high or very high, and only 18 percent
felt they had a supply of capable employees to fill frontline leadership roles. This
paints a dismal picture for the pipeline of leadership talent that organizations must
have for the future. Respondents described their organization’s frontline leaders
as unprepared, indecisive, scattered, and scared. But respondents who rated
their organization’s development quality as high, and felt the organization had a
strong bench, referred to their leaders as capable, confident, ambitious, and
innovative (Table 1).

TABLE 1: HOW DO YOU REFER TO YOUR FRONTLINE LEADERS?

Organizations rating their bench
strength and frontline leader
development quality LOW

Organizations rating their bench
strength and frontline leader
development quality HIGH

Respondents who rated

Unprepared

62%

Confident

65%

their organization’s

Indecisive

46%

Ambitious

57%

development quality

Scattered

28%

Innovative

43%

Scared

20%

Dependable

26%

as high felt their
organization had a
strong bench.

We often talk about the implications of poor leadership on team performance and
engagement, but rarely do we stop to consider the implications for the leader him
or herself. When an organization promotes a high-performing individual contributor
into a leadership position for which he or she is ill-prepared, it runs the risk of
transforming a high-performer into a disillusioned failure.

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SELECTING FRONTLINE LEADERS LEFT
MORE TO CHANCE THAN TO A PLAN
Many organizations promote frontline leaders from within. But do those organizations
truly have a good picture of the individuals they promote into leadership roles for the
first time? The survey indicates that the answer is no. According to respondents, the
success rate for filling frontline positions is only a little better than 60 percent when
promoting internally (this number sits at just over 50 percent for external hires). It makes
sense that internal hires should be more successful, as they are a known quantity to
their organizations and there is more data that is readily available about their performance.
In addition, organizations that promote leaders from within report having a stronger bench.
But why then is the leader failure rate so high?
According to DDI’s Global Leadership Forecast 2011, only one in three organizations
use validated tools to make leadership promotion decisions. The survey for this study
found that most frontline leadership promotion decisions (more than 80 percent) were
made based on manager recommendations. Only 60 percent of organizations are
using interviews to help guide promotions and, worse yet, only 26 percent of organizations are using tests while just 19 percent use simulations to make their selection
decisions for frontline leaders.
Could this be one reason why nearly half of all frontline leaders fail? We believe that it is.
Successful selection decisions need to be based on more than recommendations. While
manager recommendations are important, as they represent insight from someone who
has witnessed the employee’s day-to-day work and interactions, placing too much emphasis on recommendations—especially in the absence of various assessment tools with
higher validity—can lead to poor decision-making. As our survey confirmed, organizations that use simulations, tests, and interviews have a stronger bench (Figure 2).
FIGURE 2: COMPARISON OF SELECTION TOOLS USAGE AND REPORTED BENCH STRENGTH

68%
61%
53%
41%
29%
19%
11%

26%

Weak bench

18%

Moderate bench
Strong bench

Simulations

Tests

Interviews

% of organizations using tools
to select frontline leaders

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Behavioral interviews also are a validated method on which to base promotion decisions, but as you can see from the graph in Figure 2, they still leave organizations
feeling lukewarm about their bench. This is likely because not all interviews gather
the behavioral data critical to making sound promotion and selection decisions. This
may be why the gap between those organizations with a weak bench and a strong
bench is the lowest among the three tools listed (13 percent or 8 percentage points).
Tests and simulations are used by the minority of respondents for frontline leader
selection, even though these tools have a much higher payoff. (In Figure 2, nearly
Nearly 90 percent of

three times as many organizations felt they had a strong bench who used simulations

frontline leaders have

and more than twice as many organizations that used tests said they had a strong

at least one leadership

bench.) They can get at motivations, potential, and readiness for the leadership role—

skill where they rate

data that provides a richer picture of an individual than does relying exclusively on

themselves above their

what’s known about their previous experience.

actual skill level.

Simulations, tests, and assessments also help potential leaders to understand where
they need to develop. This is critically important, as newly promoted leaders do not
understand where their development areas are, and research has shown that nearly
90 percent of frontline leaders have at least one leadership skill where they rate
themselves above their actual skill level (Finding the First Rung, DDI, 2010).

WHAT ARE THE ESSENTIAL LEADERSHIP SKILLS?
:: Maintain
:: Listen
:: Ask

or enhance self-esteem.

and respond with empathy.

for help and encourage involvement.

:: Share

thoughts, feelings, and rationale. (to build trust)

:: Provide

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Be Better Than Average: The State of Frontline Leadership

support without removing responsibility. (to build ownership)
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INTERPERSONAL SKILLS ARE THE
#1 REASON FRONTLINE LEADERS FAIL
Even when the right individuals are promoted into leadership positions for the first
time, far too many fail. Why? When we asked the most common reason that frontline leaders fail, the number one reason (selected by more than half of respondents)
is a lack of interpersonal skills (Figure 3). These are basic skills such as effective
communication, listening, empathizing, and involving others, and they ensure that
leaders build strong relationships with their team, and get work done.
FIGURE 3: MOST COMMON REASONS FRONTLINE LEADERS FAIL

Lack of interpersonal skills
Lack of strategic skills
Conflict-avoidance
Lack of trust building
Lack of training
Lack of mentorship
Poor decision making
Inability to execute objectives
Inability to build partnerships
Managing former colleagues
Arrogance
Lack of innovation
Lack of technical skills
Other
Managing multiple generations
Managing associates their same age or older
Impulsive

56%
33%
24%
21%
21%
20%
17%
15%
15%
12%
12%
8%
8%
7%
7%
4%
3%

It is very telling that no other reason was even close to interpersonal skills as a
cause for failure in frontline leaders. Interpersonal skills truly are the foundation for
any other leadership skills of importance. You cannot coach without being able to
listen or maintain someone’s self-esteem. You also cannot build a team’s trust without
the ability to appropriately share thoughts, feelings, and the rationale behind decisions.
When asked what sets the best bosses apart from the worst, skills such as the ability
to empathize, recognize others’ contributions, involve others, and listen effectively were
at the top of the list. The best bosses practice and use these essential interaction skills
in every conversation to build stronger relationships with their direct reports, and get
work done more effectively.

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Interestingly, the second most common reason for failure is strategic skills. This is a
bit of a conundrum. One possible explanation is the changing expectations organizations have for their frontline leaders. As organizations have become leaner over
time and reduced the number of leadership levels, they have increasingly looked to
their frontline leaders to strike the right balance between tactical execution and the
need for leaders at all levels to think and act more strategically. These new expectations have not been accompanied by adequate support and access to information
Organizations may be
unfairly setting a focus
on organizational

about organizational strategy, however. Were more organizations to provide this
support and information, frontline leaders could better focus on the bigger picture
to ensure their teams are meeting today’s goals, and also be better equipped and
prepared to meet tomorrow’s challenges.

strategy as an
expectation for their

KNOWLEDGE IS NICE, BUT SKILLS PAY THE BILLS

frontline leaders.

We asked the responding HR executives which frontline leadership skills were
most critical for the future, as well as how effective their frontline leaders are.
Table 2 shows the results of that comparison.
TABLE 2: FRONTLINE LEADER SKILLS AND EFFECTIVENESS

MOST EFFECTIVE

LEAST EFFECTIVE
- Coaching & developing others
- Driving and managing change

MOST
IMPORTANT

- Interpersonal skills
- Improving employee
engagement
- Making difficult decisions

- Technical/functional skills
LEAST
IMPORTANT

- Leading project teams/special
task forces
- Leading across multiple countries

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THE NEW FRONTLINE COACH
It is worrisome that the most important skills for future frontline leadership
success are also the skills in which leaders are least effective. Given this
discrepancy, it’s no wonder so few organizations have confidence in their
current frontline leaders. In DDI’s Global Leadership Forecast, coaching skills
were identified as critical to master in the next three to five years for every level
of leader. Furthermore, coaching is frequently at the heart of many frontline
leadership development programs. So why do leaders still struggle with it?
There are two problems with traditional coaching models. First, the models
are often linear, emphasizing that leaders reactively provide coaching along
with feedback after the fact. For coaching to be most effective, however, it has
to be balanced between reactive and proactive. Frontline leaders need to find
opportunities to coach their team members ahead of new or challenging experi-

Leaders need to seize

ences—setting these individual performers up for success. Proactive coaching

every moment they

helps to build confidence, ensure a higher likelihood of that person’s success in

have with their teams

the task, and ultimately increase their overall engagement.

to coach and provide

The formal coaching that is also the centerpiece of many of these models is

feedback, and often

presented as a series of distinct steps that require a considerable amount of

these two things

time to progress through: preparing for the conversation, holding the conversa-

happen in the same

tion, and following-up. While this approach is certainly the ideal, the real world

fluid conversation.

in which we work today does not always allow these conversations to be so
formal. Informal, as-needed coaching is much more common and relevant in
today’s fast-paced work environment.
Leaders need to seize every moment they have with their teams to coach and
provide feedback, and often these two things happen in the same fluid conversation. While a frontline leader may not get large chunks of time to devote to
individual coaching conversations, they can use time before or after a meeting,
e-mail, voicemail, and any other appropriate communication vehicle to hold as
much of the conversation as possible.

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While the benefits of coaching are numerous, it is an especially critical skill to motivate and retain Generation Y leaders (Gen Next: Ready to Step Up or Step Out,
DDI, 2011). The youngest generation in the workforce indicated that coaching from
their managers, or other internal or external coaches, was the most effective development method.
While informal coaching should be emphasized along with more formal coaching
opportunities, coaching needs to be part of a frontline leader’s ongoing development.
As our survey revealed, when coaching is a prominent feature of ongoing development, organizations see an increase in the perceived quality of their programs
(Figure 4).
FIGURE 4: IMPACT OF EFFECTIVE COACHING ON FRONTLINE LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT QUALITY

% with highly effective coaching

74%

44%

70%

57%56%

53%

38%

80%

76%

70%

55%

49%

38%

29%30%

Manager coaching
Internal coaching
External coaching

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Quality of frontline leadership development

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Be Better Than Average: The State of Frontline Leadership

Very high
Be Better Than Average: The State of Frontline Leadership

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FRONTLINE LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT
IS OFTEN SHORT-SIGHTED
While not all leaders will rise up the organizational ranks over the course of their
careers, the best HR organizations view frontline leadership as a springboard to
higher-level roles and the most-promising frontline leaders as future senior leaders.
In fact, 73 percent of organizations who reported having very high quality frontline
development programs were developing those leaders for future roles (Figure 5). It
is common knowledge in talent management that a strong succession plan for key
senior roles is of critical importance. And, considering that these leaders often started
their careers as frontline leaders, why not begin preparing high-potential frontline
leaders as early in their careers as possible?
Not every leader will become a senior executive, but every level of leadership brings
with it new challenges, the need for new competencies, and the ability to deal with

Development is the

increasing levels of complexity. In the book Outliers Malcolm Gladwell postulates it

major reason that

takes 10,000 hours of practice to be an expert at something. The more hours a leader

frontline leaders are

can practice being a leader (which includes taking part in high-quality development

average.

experiences), the better he or she will perform for your organization.
FIGURE 5: DEVELOPMENT QUALITY BY FOCUS OF PROGRAM

66%

73%

57%

65%
52%
48%

43%

27%

34%

Very low

Low

Leaders master their current role

35%

Moderate

High

Leaders are developed for
future opportunities

Very high

Quality of frontline leadership development

Quality development opportunities also focus on more than just formal learning. And
with good reason: It has become more difficult to justify the expense and disruption
associated with taking leaders off the job for multiple days for training. In response,
organizations have tried to fill the void with a number of different tools and learning
experiences. Unfortunately, they have not found great success with these efforts.

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Aside from improving the hiring and promotion process for frontline leaders, organizations need to take another look at their development efforts. Development is the
major reason that frontline leaders are average and are not keeping up with the
changing demands on them. Only 19 percent of frontline leaders rated their development as high-quality.
The implications of this for organizations are great. A focus on future roles better
positions an organization to have capable talent ready to take on challenges as they
arise. They enjoy higher perceptions of development quality and are much more
confident in these leaders’ ability to ensure success. Figure 6 shows that adhering
to a “grow your own” philosophy pays off.
FIGURE 6: QUALITY OF DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS AND FRONTLINE LEADER BENCH STRENGTH

45%

A focus on future
roles better positions
an organization to

17%

have capable talent
ready.

% with high quality
development programs

4%
Low
bench strength

Moderate
bench strength

High
bench strength

DEVELOPMENT METHODS: WHAT’S WORKING, WHAT’S NOT, AND WHY
With the multitude of technology options available today, there are many more ways
to connect with leaders, and to accelerate and enrich their development. No longer
is blended learning defined by traditional classroom plus web-based training or electronic performance support alone—newer technologies and capabilities are truly
transforming the future of learning. Tools such as virtual classroom, videos, blogs,
podcasts, wikis, discussion forums, and other social networking tools bring a great
deal of promise, and organizations are embracing the variety of available options
(Figures 7 and 8).

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FIGURE 7: WHICH METHODS DO YOU CURRENTLY USE?

Videos

82%

Web-conferencing

73%

Social networking (LinkedIn, Facebook)

71%

Discussion forums

66%

Wikis

66%

Blogs

59%

Other

56%

Micro-blogging (Twitter, Yammer)

49%

Mobile support

47%

FIGURE 8: WHICH METHODS DO YOU PLAN TO INCORPORATE IN THE NEXT 12 MONTHS?

Mobile support

53%

Micro-blogging (Twitter)

51%

Other

44%

Blogs

41%

Wikis

34%

Discussion forums

34%

Social networking (LinkedIn, Facebook)

29%

Web-conferencing
Videos

27%
18%

The pundits and prognosticators have foretold that many of these methods will be
the future of development. But judging by how low organizations rated the effectiveness of social and mobile tools, success is far from assured (Figure 9). That’s
because using these new technologies requires more resources (time and cost).
They also require the HR organization to build a new skill set in order to understand
the best ways to use these tools, implement them, monitor them, and ensure they
are being used appropriately by frontline leaders.
The major pitfall when incorporating these tools is losing sight of what they were
intended to do in the first place, and in what ways they were to support the development initiative. To avoid this pitfall, it is then necessary to understand which tools
best fit with which content, experience, or target outcome. Once those questions
are answered, you can then determine which “hows” (tools, technologies, and content) will make sense for the learning blend.

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FIGURE 9: EFFECTIVENESS OF CURRENT DEVELOPMENT METHODS

Special projects or assignments

61%

Formal workshops

60%

Movement to a different position

47%

Coaching with internal coaches

46%

Coaching from your boss

45%

Coaching with external coaches

36%

Web-based learning

33%

Virtual classroom
Social/mobile-learning methods

29%
16%

The traditional methods of formal leadership development are still rated as most
effective, whereas newer tools are not yet perceived to be as effective. Traditional
methods will not go away; they are still incredibly important and effective for deliverOrganizations need to
seek an effective and
balanced mix rather
than putting the full
training burden on just
one approach.

ing leadership training. The new tools, meanwhile, when utilized correctly can be
harnessed within our organizations to make learning more interactive, involving, and
spontaneous, while also spanning geography and generations and capitalizing on
the collective wisdom of groups.
Some of the new technologies can be risky for organizations in terms of security
and legal liability, and they can sometimes be surprisingly difficult and inconsistent.
Additionally, corporate firewalls can be fussy about what they let through, and technology is always changing, which is good for progress but frustrating for infrastructure investments.
It’s also worth pointing out that corporate cultures differ, just like people do, and what
is easily adopted in one organization may be ineffective in another. And finally, there
are regional and international variances in uptake, technology, and laws. Thus, the
promise of social media is tempered by the complexities and uncertainties experienced
by organizations to varying degrees.
While there are numerous social media types and platforms available, some are
more appropriate than others for learning and development in “soft skill” areas like
leadership. We need to match the tool to the need. Each technology provides a
different array of benefits, but no technology will work across all organizations or
implementations, nor will it suit every type of content or topic.

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Organizations need to seek an effective and balanced mix rather than putting the full
training burden on just one approach, to test for both people and technology compatibility, and to thoroughly communicate and execute the strategy.
IT IS ABOUT THE JOURNEY AND THE DESTINATION
So why should organizations look at all of these new ingredients for their blended
learning strategy? Is the effort required to successfully and meaningfully incorporate
formal and informal learning into a cohesive, continuous development implementation worth it?
The answer is a resounding “Yes.” DDI’s Global Leadership Forecast 2011 found
that organizations that have highly effective development programs use 32 percent
more methods of development. But it is not just about the quantity; it’s about the
quality. And the quality comes from a focus on more than just formal learning; it
comes from a true focus on continuous learning and learning journeys.
Training should not be approached as a one-time event. Instead, training should be
seen as an integral part of the “learning journey,” which should be closely aligned
with the challenges facing an organization and what leaders must do to drive the
business forward. This journey takes place over time and consists of multiple formal
and informal learning components and experiences. It begins with a review of relevant organizational and assessment data, the business drivers, and the target audience’s development gaps. This information can then serve as the starting point for
designing the learning journey.
When designed right, three critical perspectives converge in the learning journey,
enabling both individual and organizational transformation. These perspectives are
business—understanding and solving business challenges and cultural priorities;
role—improving leadership in one’s area as well as the overall organization; and
self—evolving one’s knowledge, experience, competencies, and beliefs.
The learning journey concept is not new—but it is infrequently employed for frontline
leaders. It can be difficult to model this concept and drive a formalized focus across
all kinds of learning (on-the-job, from others and coaches, and during formal events)
due to the sheer number of frontline leaders as compared to the number of leaders
found at higher levels. However, what this research found is that when organizations
develop their leaders adhering to the learning journey concept, perceived development
quality increases by more than 90 percent (91 percent versus 9 percent) (Figure 10).

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FIGURE 10: QUALITY OF DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS BY TYPE

91%
79%

59%

58%
51%
49%

41%
Menu of open enrollment,
classroom-based courses,
event-driven

42%
21%
9%
Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Planful, journey-approach,
continuous learning, mix of
formal/informal methods

Very high

Quality of frontline leadership development

And when programs are higher quality, confidence in frontline leaders to ensure the
future success of the organization grows (Figure 11). Organizations using the learning journey approach to develop their frontline leaders are nearly 75 percent more
confident (79 percent versus 21 percent) in that level of leadership.
FIGURE 11: CONFIDENCE IN FRONTLINE LEADERS BY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM TYPE

79%
76%
60%
53%
54%
46%
Menu of open enrollment,
classroom-based courses,
event-driven

47%
40%
24%
21%

Planful, journey-approach,
continuous learning, mix of
formal/informal methods
Very low
Low
Moderate
High
Very high
confidence confidence confidence confidence confidence

Please rate your confidence in frontline leaders in terms of their
ability to ensure the future success of your organization

So why such a big difference? Learning journeys are more sustainable because they
extend beyond development events. Organizations that get it right are finding ways
to engage their leaders before, during, and after the formal development events with
the right mix of methodologies alluded to in the previous section. They create meaningful development events that translate into a culture of continuous learning in their
organizations where leaders are getting the support and development they need,
even when they don’t realize it.

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THREE KEYS TO DEVELOPING
EXCEPTIONAL FRONTLINE LEADERS
Frontline leaders play an incredibly important role in your organization. They are often the
largest leadership population, and they impact areas such as team productivity, employee
engagement, and customer satisfaction. So how can you take your leaders from average
to exceptional?
Prepare your first line of defense! Use data you have at hand, and then get more.
Have a clear picture of the talent you have, the talent you need, and where the gaps
exist. Develop your incumbent and emerging leaders to help close those gaps. Help
your frontline leaders understand their blind spots and development areas—as well
as their strengths—to engage them in their own development experience.
Get personal! Interpersonal skills are the biggest difference-maker between average
and exceptional leaders. Help your frontline leaders understand their importance and
ensure they have a solid foundation in these skills. Hold your leaders accountable for
using them, and ensure every level of leadership models these skills, so that they can
become engrained in your leadership culture.
Rethink development! It is no longer acceptable to subscribe to the “if you build it,
they will come” philosophy with development. Blended learning has taken on a new
meaning and when organizations take the time to understand all of the tools and
technologies available to them, and they can build them into development initiatives
in a meaningful way, their leadership development will be above average, delivering
way-above-average leaders.

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About DDI

About HR.com

For over 40 years, DDI has helped the most

HR.com, the largest global social networking and

successful companies around the world close the

resource site for HR Professionals, is THE ONLY

gap between where their businesses need to go

place where you can earn IHR (Institute for Human

and the talent required to take them there. Our

Resources), HRCI/SHRM, and WorldatWork credits

areas of expertise span every level, from individual

all at the same time for NO COST. We’re committed to

contributors to the executive suite:

providing a deeper understanding of the HR function

• Success Profile Management

for our 215,000+ members by offering 23 certification
programs, 1700+ webcasts, 230+ virtual conferences,

• Selection & Assessment

blogs, community networks, industry news, and

• Leadership & Workforce Development

advisory boards. http://www.hr.com.

• Succession Management

DDI’s comprehensive, yet practical approach to talent

About The Institute for
Human Resources

management starts by ensuring a close connection

IHR focuses on education, online certification, and

of our solutions to your business strategies, and

career development in the HR profession. IHR

ends only when we produce the results you require.

currently covers 22 key HR verticals ranging from

You’ll find that DDI is an essential partner wherever

Social Media and Employee Communications to

you are on your journey to building extraordinary talent.

Leadership, Rewards and Recognition, Quality of

• Performance Management

Hire, Health and Safety, and others. Each program
provides a full list of education, virtual events, and
accredited certification courses for a 12 -18 month
period. Education, training, and certification credits
are available with “authorized partners” as well as
with HR.com educational webcasts and award-winning virtual events.

18
Be Better Than Average: The State of Frontline Leadership
Be Better Than Average: The State of Frontline Leadership

Ldrr47_BetterThanAverage_FINAL_Layout 1 3/1/2013 4:12 PM Page 19

About the Authors
Richard S. Wellins, Ph.D., is senior vice president at DDI. He is
responsible for leading DDI’s global research programs, launching
new solutions, and executing DDI’s brand and marketing strategies.
During his tenure at DDI, Rich has authored five books on leadership
and teams and written for more than 20 publications on global talent
management. Rich has helped organizations around the world develop their senior leaders. He also serves as a judge for CNBC’s ABLA,
interviewing dozens of Asia’s top CEOs each year.
Aviel Selkovits is a project manager for DDI’s leadership and workforce development solutions. In this role, she is responsible for new
product launches, as well as a thought leadership focus on “Learning
2.0” and Generation Y. She also manages strategic marketing planning for DDI's frontline leadership products and services.
Debbie McGrath is founder and chief instigator, HR.com. Debbie
has an extensive background in HR, publishing, and the Internet.
Previous to starting HR.com in 1999 she owned The CEO Group, a
Canadian and European entity that created job board software, talent
management software, HTC Career Magazines, and High Tech
Career Fairs.

For more information about developing exceptional frontline
leadership talent, visit www.ddiworld.com/developthebest.
19
Be Better Than Average: The State of Frontline Leadership
Ldrr47_BetterThanAverage_FINAL_Layout 1 3/1/2013 4:12 PM Page 20

THE AMERICAS

ASIA-PACIFIC

ABOUT DEVELOPMENT DIMENSIONS INTERNATIONAL:

WORLD
HEADQUARTERS
PITTSBURGH
412.257.0600

MUMBAI
91.22.61911100

For over 40 years, DDI has helped the most successful companies around the

SHANGHAI
86.21.6113.2525

required to take them there.

SINGAPORE
65.6226.5335

Our areas of expertise span every level, from individual contributors to the
executive suite:

SYDNEY
612.9466.0300

•

Success Profile Management

•

Selection & Assessment

EUROPE/AFRICA

•

Leadership & Workforce Development

DÜSSELDORF
49.2159.91680

•

Succession Management

•

Performance Management

MEXICO CITY
52.55.1253.9000
TORONTO
416.644.8370

LONDON
44.1753.616000
PARIS
33.1.41.96.86.86

world close the gap between where their businesses need to go and the talent

DDI’s comprehensive, yet practical approach to talent management starts by
ensuring a close connection of our solutions to your business strategies, and
ends only when we produce the results you require.
You’ll find that DDI is an essential partner wherever you are on your journey to
building extraordinary talent.

CONTACT US
EMAIL: INFO@DDIWORLD.COM
WWW.DDIWORLD.COM

*LNN7*

The Talent Management Expert

LNN7
MKTLDRR47-0213-0MA

© Development Dimensions International, Inc., MMXIII. All rights reserved.

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Be Better Than Average

  • 1. Ldrr47_BetterThanAverage_FINAL_Layout 1 3/1/2013 4:11 PM Page 1 Trend Research Be Better Than Average: A study on the state of frontline leadership Written by Richard S. Wellins, Ph.D. Aviel Selkovits Debbie McGrath If one word could describe the job of being a frontline leader today, it would be “harder.” Growing demands for greater productivity, more innovation, and doing more with less, have made leading at the frontline as challenging—or even more challenging—as ever. The Talent Management Expert
  • 2. Ldrr47_BetterThanAverage_FINAL_Layout 1 3/1/2013 4:11 PM Page 2 While technology has made many tasks in the world of work easier, faster, and, in some ways, more intuitive, leadership remains a difficult pursuit. Recent research suggests the weight of these challenges. In a 2012 DDI study, 1 in 3 employees said they feel their supervisor is ineffective (Lessons for Leaders from the People Who Matter, DDI, 2012) In the summer of 2012, DDI and HR.com partnered to survey 291 Human Resources executives in the United States and Canada to find out just how well frontline leaders are handling these challenges, and how well organizations are preparing them to do so. What we found is that organizations are doing an average job of not only developing their frontline leaders, but also of selecting and promoting those leaders in the first place. In this study report, which draws on the findings of that survey, we will address how the following factors are contributing to the current state of frontline leadership: 1. Selecting frontline leaders is often left more to chance than to a plan. 2. Interpersonal skills are the number-one reason frontline leaders fail. 3. Frontline leadership development is often short-sighted. Additionally, we will discuss the implications of these issues, and offer insights into how organizations can take their frontline leaders from average to exceptional. 2 Be Better Than Average: The State of Frontline Leadership
  • 3. Be Better Than Average: The State of Frontline Leadership Ldrr47_BetterThanAverage_FINAL_Layout 1 3/1/2013 4:11 PM Page 3 FRONTLINE LEADERS ARE AVERAGE, AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR ORGANIZATIONS ARE HUGE Year after year, surveys are released that shine a light on the plight of the frontline leader—a plight that seems to remain little changed, even given the significant investments organizations continue to make in leadership development. This begs a significant question: Why are we investing so much in leadership development if leader quality remains stuck in low gear? Figure 1 shows exactly why organizations should continue to care, and why they need to take another look at how (as opposed to why) they are developing their frontline leaders. As the chart shows, the HR executives surveyed identified a robust list of the outcomes that they saw in their organizations from mediocre leadership. More than half indicated they experienced turnover of leaders or their team members, and one in four respondents indicated their business suffered a loss in profitability. No matter what industry or firm you work for, this negative impact adds up quickly. FIGURE 1: THE RESULTS OF MEDIOCRE FRONTLINE LEADERS Loss of team member engagement 69% Loss of productivity 65% Leader left organization 59% Team members left organization 57% Loss of leader engagement 40% Forced to move leader back to individual contributor 32% Loss of profit Other 26% 4% 3 Be Better Than Average: The State of Frontline Leadership
  • 4. Ldrr47_BetterThanAverage_FINAL_Layout 1 3/1/2013 4:11 PM Page 4 There are two main reasons pointing to why frontline leaders are average. The first is that their development is average as well. Only 19 percent of respondents felt their leadership development quality was high or very high, and only 18 percent felt they had a supply of capable employees to fill frontline leadership roles. This paints a dismal picture for the pipeline of leadership talent that organizations must have for the future. Respondents described their organization’s frontline leaders as unprepared, indecisive, scattered, and scared. But respondents who rated their organization’s development quality as high, and felt the organization had a strong bench, referred to their leaders as capable, confident, ambitious, and innovative (Table 1). TABLE 1: HOW DO YOU REFER TO YOUR FRONTLINE LEADERS? Organizations rating their bench strength and frontline leader development quality LOW Organizations rating their bench strength and frontline leader development quality HIGH Respondents who rated Unprepared 62% Confident 65% their organization’s Indecisive 46% Ambitious 57% development quality Scattered 28% Innovative 43% Scared 20% Dependable 26% as high felt their organization had a strong bench. We often talk about the implications of poor leadership on team performance and engagement, but rarely do we stop to consider the implications for the leader him or herself. When an organization promotes a high-performing individual contributor into a leadership position for which he or she is ill-prepared, it runs the risk of transforming a high-performer into a disillusioned failure. 4 Be Better Than Average: The State of Frontline Leadership
  • 5. Be Better Than Average: The State of Frontline Leadership Ldrr47_BetterThanAverage_FINAL_Layout 1 3/1/2013 4:11 PM Page 5 SELECTING FRONTLINE LEADERS LEFT MORE TO CHANCE THAN TO A PLAN Many organizations promote frontline leaders from within. But do those organizations truly have a good picture of the individuals they promote into leadership roles for the first time? The survey indicates that the answer is no. According to respondents, the success rate for filling frontline positions is only a little better than 60 percent when promoting internally (this number sits at just over 50 percent for external hires). It makes sense that internal hires should be more successful, as they are a known quantity to their organizations and there is more data that is readily available about their performance. In addition, organizations that promote leaders from within report having a stronger bench. But why then is the leader failure rate so high? According to DDI’s Global Leadership Forecast 2011, only one in three organizations use validated tools to make leadership promotion decisions. The survey for this study found that most frontline leadership promotion decisions (more than 80 percent) were made based on manager recommendations. Only 60 percent of organizations are using interviews to help guide promotions and, worse yet, only 26 percent of organizations are using tests while just 19 percent use simulations to make their selection decisions for frontline leaders. Could this be one reason why nearly half of all frontline leaders fail? We believe that it is. Successful selection decisions need to be based on more than recommendations. While manager recommendations are important, as they represent insight from someone who has witnessed the employee’s day-to-day work and interactions, placing too much emphasis on recommendations—especially in the absence of various assessment tools with higher validity—can lead to poor decision-making. As our survey confirmed, organizations that use simulations, tests, and interviews have a stronger bench (Figure 2). FIGURE 2: COMPARISON OF SELECTION TOOLS USAGE AND REPORTED BENCH STRENGTH 68% 61% 53% 41% 29% 19% 11% 26% Weak bench 18% Moderate bench Strong bench Simulations Tests Interviews % of organizations using tools to select frontline leaders 5 Be Better Than Average: The State of Frontline Leadership
  • 6. Ldrr47_BetterThanAverage_FINAL_Layout 1 3/1/2013 4:11 PM Page 6 Behavioral interviews also are a validated method on which to base promotion decisions, but as you can see from the graph in Figure 2, they still leave organizations feeling lukewarm about their bench. This is likely because not all interviews gather the behavioral data critical to making sound promotion and selection decisions. This may be why the gap between those organizations with a weak bench and a strong bench is the lowest among the three tools listed (13 percent or 8 percentage points). Tests and simulations are used by the minority of respondents for frontline leader selection, even though these tools have a much higher payoff. (In Figure 2, nearly Nearly 90 percent of three times as many organizations felt they had a strong bench who used simulations frontline leaders have and more than twice as many organizations that used tests said they had a strong at least one leadership bench.) They can get at motivations, potential, and readiness for the leadership role— skill where they rate data that provides a richer picture of an individual than does relying exclusively on themselves above their what’s known about their previous experience. actual skill level. Simulations, tests, and assessments also help potential leaders to understand where they need to develop. This is critically important, as newly promoted leaders do not understand where their development areas are, and research has shown that nearly 90 percent of frontline leaders have at least one leadership skill where they rate themselves above their actual skill level (Finding the First Rung, DDI, 2010). WHAT ARE THE ESSENTIAL LEADERSHIP SKILLS? :: Maintain :: Listen :: Ask or enhance self-esteem. and respond with empathy. for help and encourage involvement. :: Share thoughts, feelings, and rationale. (to build trust) :: Provide 6 Be Better Than Average: The State of Frontline Leadership support without removing responsibility. (to build ownership)
  • 7. Ldrr47_BetterThanAverage_FINAL_Layout 1 3/1/2013 4:11 PM Page 7 INTERPERSONAL SKILLS ARE THE #1 REASON FRONTLINE LEADERS FAIL Even when the right individuals are promoted into leadership positions for the first time, far too many fail. Why? When we asked the most common reason that frontline leaders fail, the number one reason (selected by more than half of respondents) is a lack of interpersonal skills (Figure 3). These are basic skills such as effective communication, listening, empathizing, and involving others, and they ensure that leaders build strong relationships with their team, and get work done. FIGURE 3: MOST COMMON REASONS FRONTLINE LEADERS FAIL Lack of interpersonal skills Lack of strategic skills Conflict-avoidance Lack of trust building Lack of training Lack of mentorship Poor decision making Inability to execute objectives Inability to build partnerships Managing former colleagues Arrogance Lack of innovation Lack of technical skills Other Managing multiple generations Managing associates their same age or older Impulsive 56% 33% 24% 21% 21% 20% 17% 15% 15% 12% 12% 8% 8% 7% 7% 4% 3% It is very telling that no other reason was even close to interpersonal skills as a cause for failure in frontline leaders. Interpersonal skills truly are the foundation for any other leadership skills of importance. You cannot coach without being able to listen or maintain someone’s self-esteem. You also cannot build a team’s trust without the ability to appropriately share thoughts, feelings, and the rationale behind decisions. When asked what sets the best bosses apart from the worst, skills such as the ability to empathize, recognize others’ contributions, involve others, and listen effectively were at the top of the list. The best bosses practice and use these essential interaction skills in every conversation to build stronger relationships with their direct reports, and get work done more effectively. 7 Be Better Than Average: The State of Frontline Leadership
  • 8. Ldrr47_BetterThanAverage_FINAL_Layout 1 3/1/2013 4:11 PM Page 8 Interestingly, the second most common reason for failure is strategic skills. This is a bit of a conundrum. One possible explanation is the changing expectations organizations have for their frontline leaders. As organizations have become leaner over time and reduced the number of leadership levels, they have increasingly looked to their frontline leaders to strike the right balance between tactical execution and the need for leaders at all levels to think and act more strategically. These new expectations have not been accompanied by adequate support and access to information Organizations may be unfairly setting a focus on organizational about organizational strategy, however. Were more organizations to provide this support and information, frontline leaders could better focus on the bigger picture to ensure their teams are meeting today’s goals, and also be better equipped and prepared to meet tomorrow’s challenges. strategy as an expectation for their KNOWLEDGE IS NICE, BUT SKILLS PAY THE BILLS frontline leaders. We asked the responding HR executives which frontline leadership skills were most critical for the future, as well as how effective their frontline leaders are. Table 2 shows the results of that comparison. TABLE 2: FRONTLINE LEADER SKILLS AND EFFECTIVENESS MOST EFFECTIVE LEAST EFFECTIVE - Coaching & developing others - Driving and managing change MOST IMPORTANT - Interpersonal skills - Improving employee engagement - Making difficult decisions - Technical/functional skills LEAST IMPORTANT - Leading project teams/special task forces - Leading across multiple countries 8 Be Better Than Average: The State of Frontline Leadership
  • 9. Be Better Than Average: The State of Frontline Leadership Ldrr47_BetterThanAverage_FINAL_Layout 1 3/1/2013 4:11 PM Page 9 THE NEW FRONTLINE COACH It is worrisome that the most important skills for future frontline leadership success are also the skills in which leaders are least effective. Given this discrepancy, it’s no wonder so few organizations have confidence in their current frontline leaders. In DDI’s Global Leadership Forecast, coaching skills were identified as critical to master in the next three to five years for every level of leader. Furthermore, coaching is frequently at the heart of many frontline leadership development programs. So why do leaders still struggle with it? There are two problems with traditional coaching models. First, the models are often linear, emphasizing that leaders reactively provide coaching along with feedback after the fact. For coaching to be most effective, however, it has to be balanced between reactive and proactive. Frontline leaders need to find opportunities to coach their team members ahead of new or challenging experi- Leaders need to seize ences—setting these individual performers up for success. Proactive coaching every moment they helps to build confidence, ensure a higher likelihood of that person’s success in have with their teams the task, and ultimately increase their overall engagement. to coach and provide The formal coaching that is also the centerpiece of many of these models is feedback, and often presented as a series of distinct steps that require a considerable amount of these two things time to progress through: preparing for the conversation, holding the conversa- happen in the same tion, and following-up. While this approach is certainly the ideal, the real world fluid conversation. in which we work today does not always allow these conversations to be so formal. Informal, as-needed coaching is much more common and relevant in today’s fast-paced work environment. Leaders need to seize every moment they have with their teams to coach and provide feedback, and often these two things happen in the same fluid conversation. While a frontline leader may not get large chunks of time to devote to individual coaching conversations, they can use time before or after a meeting, e-mail, voicemail, and any other appropriate communication vehicle to hold as much of the conversation as possible. 9 Be Better Than Average: The State of Frontline Leadership
  • 10. Ldrr47_BetterThanAverage_FINAL_Layout 1 3/1/2013 4:11 PM Page 10 While the benefits of coaching are numerous, it is an especially critical skill to motivate and retain Generation Y leaders (Gen Next: Ready to Step Up or Step Out, DDI, 2011). The youngest generation in the workforce indicated that coaching from their managers, or other internal or external coaches, was the most effective development method. While informal coaching should be emphasized along with more formal coaching opportunities, coaching needs to be part of a frontline leader’s ongoing development. As our survey revealed, when coaching is a prominent feature of ongoing development, organizations see an increase in the perceived quality of their programs (Figure 4). FIGURE 4: IMPACT OF EFFECTIVE COACHING ON FRONTLINE LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT QUALITY % with highly effective coaching 74% 44% 70% 57%56% 53% 38% 80% 76% 70% 55% 49% 38% 29%30% Manager coaching Internal coaching External coaching Very low Low Moderate High Quality of frontline leadership development 10 Be Better Than Average: The State of Frontline Leadership Very high
  • 11. Be Better Than Average: The State of Frontline Leadership Ldrr47_BetterThanAverage_FINAL_Layout 1 3/1/2013 4:11 PM Page 11 FRONTLINE LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT IS OFTEN SHORT-SIGHTED While not all leaders will rise up the organizational ranks over the course of their careers, the best HR organizations view frontline leadership as a springboard to higher-level roles and the most-promising frontline leaders as future senior leaders. In fact, 73 percent of organizations who reported having very high quality frontline development programs were developing those leaders for future roles (Figure 5). It is common knowledge in talent management that a strong succession plan for key senior roles is of critical importance. And, considering that these leaders often started their careers as frontline leaders, why not begin preparing high-potential frontline leaders as early in their careers as possible? Not every leader will become a senior executive, but every level of leadership brings with it new challenges, the need for new competencies, and the ability to deal with Development is the increasing levels of complexity. In the book Outliers Malcolm Gladwell postulates it major reason that takes 10,000 hours of practice to be an expert at something. The more hours a leader frontline leaders are can practice being a leader (which includes taking part in high-quality development average. experiences), the better he or she will perform for your organization. FIGURE 5: DEVELOPMENT QUALITY BY FOCUS OF PROGRAM 66% 73% 57% 65% 52% 48% 43% 27% 34% Very low Low Leaders master their current role 35% Moderate High Leaders are developed for future opportunities Very high Quality of frontline leadership development Quality development opportunities also focus on more than just formal learning. And with good reason: It has become more difficult to justify the expense and disruption associated with taking leaders off the job for multiple days for training. In response, organizations have tried to fill the void with a number of different tools and learning experiences. Unfortunately, they have not found great success with these efforts. 11 Be Better Than Average: The State of Frontline Leadership
  • 12. Ldrr47_BetterThanAverage_FINAL_Layout 1 3/1/2013 4:11 PM Page 12 Aside from improving the hiring and promotion process for frontline leaders, organizations need to take another look at their development efforts. Development is the major reason that frontline leaders are average and are not keeping up with the changing demands on them. Only 19 percent of frontline leaders rated their development as high-quality. The implications of this for organizations are great. A focus on future roles better positions an organization to have capable talent ready to take on challenges as they arise. They enjoy higher perceptions of development quality and are much more confident in these leaders’ ability to ensure success. Figure 6 shows that adhering to a “grow your own” philosophy pays off. FIGURE 6: QUALITY OF DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS AND FRONTLINE LEADER BENCH STRENGTH 45% A focus on future roles better positions an organization to 17% have capable talent ready. % with high quality development programs 4% Low bench strength Moderate bench strength High bench strength DEVELOPMENT METHODS: WHAT’S WORKING, WHAT’S NOT, AND WHY With the multitude of technology options available today, there are many more ways to connect with leaders, and to accelerate and enrich their development. No longer is blended learning defined by traditional classroom plus web-based training or electronic performance support alone—newer technologies and capabilities are truly transforming the future of learning. Tools such as virtual classroom, videos, blogs, podcasts, wikis, discussion forums, and other social networking tools bring a great deal of promise, and organizations are embracing the variety of available options (Figures 7 and 8). 12 Be Better Than Average: The State of Frontline Leadership
  • 13. Be Better Than Average: The State of Frontline Leadership Ldrr47_BetterThanAverage_FINAL_Layout 1 3/1/2013 4:11 PM Page 13 FIGURE 7: WHICH METHODS DO YOU CURRENTLY USE? Videos 82% Web-conferencing 73% Social networking (LinkedIn, Facebook) 71% Discussion forums 66% Wikis 66% Blogs 59% Other 56% Micro-blogging (Twitter, Yammer) 49% Mobile support 47% FIGURE 8: WHICH METHODS DO YOU PLAN TO INCORPORATE IN THE NEXT 12 MONTHS? Mobile support 53% Micro-blogging (Twitter) 51% Other 44% Blogs 41% Wikis 34% Discussion forums 34% Social networking (LinkedIn, Facebook) 29% Web-conferencing Videos 27% 18% The pundits and prognosticators have foretold that many of these methods will be the future of development. But judging by how low organizations rated the effectiveness of social and mobile tools, success is far from assured (Figure 9). That’s because using these new technologies requires more resources (time and cost). They also require the HR organization to build a new skill set in order to understand the best ways to use these tools, implement them, monitor them, and ensure they are being used appropriately by frontline leaders. The major pitfall when incorporating these tools is losing sight of what they were intended to do in the first place, and in what ways they were to support the development initiative. To avoid this pitfall, it is then necessary to understand which tools best fit with which content, experience, or target outcome. Once those questions are answered, you can then determine which “hows” (tools, technologies, and content) will make sense for the learning blend. 13 Be Better Than Average: The State of Frontline Leadership
  • 14. Ldrr47_BetterThanAverage_FINAL_Layout 1 3/1/2013 4:11 PM Page 14 FIGURE 9: EFFECTIVENESS OF CURRENT DEVELOPMENT METHODS Special projects or assignments 61% Formal workshops 60% Movement to a different position 47% Coaching with internal coaches 46% Coaching from your boss 45% Coaching with external coaches 36% Web-based learning 33% Virtual classroom Social/mobile-learning methods 29% 16% The traditional methods of formal leadership development are still rated as most effective, whereas newer tools are not yet perceived to be as effective. Traditional methods will not go away; they are still incredibly important and effective for deliverOrganizations need to seek an effective and balanced mix rather than putting the full training burden on just one approach. ing leadership training. The new tools, meanwhile, when utilized correctly can be harnessed within our organizations to make learning more interactive, involving, and spontaneous, while also spanning geography and generations and capitalizing on the collective wisdom of groups. Some of the new technologies can be risky for organizations in terms of security and legal liability, and they can sometimes be surprisingly difficult and inconsistent. Additionally, corporate firewalls can be fussy about what they let through, and technology is always changing, which is good for progress but frustrating for infrastructure investments. It’s also worth pointing out that corporate cultures differ, just like people do, and what is easily adopted in one organization may be ineffective in another. And finally, there are regional and international variances in uptake, technology, and laws. Thus, the promise of social media is tempered by the complexities and uncertainties experienced by organizations to varying degrees. While there are numerous social media types and platforms available, some are more appropriate than others for learning and development in “soft skill” areas like leadership. We need to match the tool to the need. Each technology provides a different array of benefits, but no technology will work across all organizations or implementations, nor will it suit every type of content or topic. 14 Be Better Than Average: The State of Frontline Leadership
  • 15. Ldrr47_BetterThanAverage_FINAL_Layout 1 3/1/2013 4:11 PM Page 15 Organizations need to seek an effective and balanced mix rather than putting the full training burden on just one approach, to test for both people and technology compatibility, and to thoroughly communicate and execute the strategy. IT IS ABOUT THE JOURNEY AND THE DESTINATION So why should organizations look at all of these new ingredients for their blended learning strategy? Is the effort required to successfully and meaningfully incorporate formal and informal learning into a cohesive, continuous development implementation worth it? The answer is a resounding “Yes.” DDI’s Global Leadership Forecast 2011 found that organizations that have highly effective development programs use 32 percent more methods of development. But it is not just about the quantity; it’s about the quality. And the quality comes from a focus on more than just formal learning; it comes from a true focus on continuous learning and learning journeys. Training should not be approached as a one-time event. Instead, training should be seen as an integral part of the “learning journey,” which should be closely aligned with the challenges facing an organization and what leaders must do to drive the business forward. This journey takes place over time and consists of multiple formal and informal learning components and experiences. It begins with a review of relevant organizational and assessment data, the business drivers, and the target audience’s development gaps. This information can then serve as the starting point for designing the learning journey. When designed right, three critical perspectives converge in the learning journey, enabling both individual and organizational transformation. These perspectives are business—understanding and solving business challenges and cultural priorities; role—improving leadership in one’s area as well as the overall organization; and self—evolving one’s knowledge, experience, competencies, and beliefs. The learning journey concept is not new—but it is infrequently employed for frontline leaders. It can be difficult to model this concept and drive a formalized focus across all kinds of learning (on-the-job, from others and coaches, and during formal events) due to the sheer number of frontline leaders as compared to the number of leaders found at higher levels. However, what this research found is that when organizations develop their leaders adhering to the learning journey concept, perceived development quality increases by more than 90 percent (91 percent versus 9 percent) (Figure 10). 15 Be Better Than Average: The State of Frontline Leadership
  • 16. Ldrr47_BetterThanAverage_FINAL_Layout 1 3/1/2013 4:11 PM Page 16 FIGURE 10: QUALITY OF DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS BY TYPE 91% 79% 59% 58% 51% 49% 41% Menu of open enrollment, classroom-based courses, event-driven 42% 21% 9% Very low Low Moderate High Planful, journey-approach, continuous learning, mix of formal/informal methods Very high Quality of frontline leadership development And when programs are higher quality, confidence in frontline leaders to ensure the future success of the organization grows (Figure 11). Organizations using the learning journey approach to develop their frontline leaders are nearly 75 percent more confident (79 percent versus 21 percent) in that level of leadership. FIGURE 11: CONFIDENCE IN FRONTLINE LEADERS BY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM TYPE 79% 76% 60% 53% 54% 46% Menu of open enrollment, classroom-based courses, event-driven 47% 40% 24% 21% Planful, journey-approach, continuous learning, mix of formal/informal methods Very low Low Moderate High Very high confidence confidence confidence confidence confidence Please rate your confidence in frontline leaders in terms of their ability to ensure the future success of your organization So why such a big difference? Learning journeys are more sustainable because they extend beyond development events. Organizations that get it right are finding ways to engage their leaders before, during, and after the formal development events with the right mix of methodologies alluded to in the previous section. They create meaningful development events that translate into a culture of continuous learning in their organizations where leaders are getting the support and development they need, even when they don’t realize it. 16 Be Better Than Average: The State of Frontline Leadership
  • 17. Ldrr47_BetterThanAverage_FINAL_Layout 1 3/1/2013 4:11 PM Page 17 THREE KEYS TO DEVELOPING EXCEPTIONAL FRONTLINE LEADERS Frontline leaders play an incredibly important role in your organization. They are often the largest leadership population, and they impact areas such as team productivity, employee engagement, and customer satisfaction. So how can you take your leaders from average to exceptional? Prepare your first line of defense! Use data you have at hand, and then get more. Have a clear picture of the talent you have, the talent you need, and where the gaps exist. Develop your incumbent and emerging leaders to help close those gaps. Help your frontline leaders understand their blind spots and development areas—as well as their strengths—to engage them in their own development experience. Get personal! Interpersonal skills are the biggest difference-maker between average and exceptional leaders. Help your frontline leaders understand their importance and ensure they have a solid foundation in these skills. Hold your leaders accountable for using them, and ensure every level of leadership models these skills, so that they can become engrained in your leadership culture. Rethink development! It is no longer acceptable to subscribe to the “if you build it, they will come” philosophy with development. Blended learning has taken on a new meaning and when organizations take the time to understand all of the tools and technologies available to them, and they can build them into development initiatives in a meaningful way, their leadership development will be above average, delivering way-above-average leaders. 17 Be Better Than Average: The State of Frontline Leadership
  • 18. Ldrr47_BetterThanAverage_FINAL_Layout 1 3/1/2013 4:12 PM Page 18 About DDI About HR.com For over 40 years, DDI has helped the most HR.com, the largest global social networking and successful companies around the world close the resource site for HR Professionals, is THE ONLY gap between where their businesses need to go place where you can earn IHR (Institute for Human and the talent required to take them there. Our Resources), HRCI/SHRM, and WorldatWork credits areas of expertise span every level, from individual all at the same time for NO COST. We’re committed to contributors to the executive suite: providing a deeper understanding of the HR function • Success Profile Management for our 215,000+ members by offering 23 certification programs, 1700+ webcasts, 230+ virtual conferences, • Selection & Assessment blogs, community networks, industry news, and • Leadership & Workforce Development advisory boards. http://www.hr.com. • Succession Management DDI’s comprehensive, yet practical approach to talent About The Institute for Human Resources management starts by ensuring a close connection IHR focuses on education, online certification, and of our solutions to your business strategies, and career development in the HR profession. IHR ends only when we produce the results you require. currently covers 22 key HR verticals ranging from You’ll find that DDI is an essential partner wherever Social Media and Employee Communications to you are on your journey to building extraordinary talent. Leadership, Rewards and Recognition, Quality of • Performance Management Hire, Health and Safety, and others. Each program provides a full list of education, virtual events, and accredited certification courses for a 12 -18 month period. Education, training, and certification credits are available with “authorized partners” as well as with HR.com educational webcasts and award-winning virtual events. 18 Be Better Than Average: The State of Frontline Leadership
  • 19. Be Better Than Average: The State of Frontline Leadership Ldrr47_BetterThanAverage_FINAL_Layout 1 3/1/2013 4:12 PM Page 19 About the Authors Richard S. Wellins, Ph.D., is senior vice president at DDI. He is responsible for leading DDI’s global research programs, launching new solutions, and executing DDI’s brand and marketing strategies. During his tenure at DDI, Rich has authored five books on leadership and teams and written for more than 20 publications on global talent management. Rich has helped organizations around the world develop their senior leaders. He also serves as a judge for CNBC’s ABLA, interviewing dozens of Asia’s top CEOs each year. Aviel Selkovits is a project manager for DDI’s leadership and workforce development solutions. In this role, she is responsible for new product launches, as well as a thought leadership focus on “Learning 2.0” and Generation Y. She also manages strategic marketing planning for DDI's frontline leadership products and services. Debbie McGrath is founder and chief instigator, HR.com. Debbie has an extensive background in HR, publishing, and the Internet. Previous to starting HR.com in 1999 she owned The CEO Group, a Canadian and European entity that created job board software, talent management software, HTC Career Magazines, and High Tech Career Fairs. For more information about developing exceptional frontline leadership talent, visit www.ddiworld.com/developthebest. 19 Be Better Than Average: The State of Frontline Leadership
  • 20. Ldrr47_BetterThanAverage_FINAL_Layout 1 3/1/2013 4:12 PM Page 20 THE AMERICAS ASIA-PACIFIC ABOUT DEVELOPMENT DIMENSIONS INTERNATIONAL: WORLD HEADQUARTERS PITTSBURGH 412.257.0600 MUMBAI 91.22.61911100 For over 40 years, DDI has helped the most successful companies around the SHANGHAI 86.21.6113.2525 required to take them there. SINGAPORE 65.6226.5335 Our areas of expertise span every level, from individual contributors to the executive suite: SYDNEY 612.9466.0300 • Success Profile Management • Selection & Assessment EUROPE/AFRICA • Leadership & Workforce Development DÜSSELDORF 49.2159.91680 • Succession Management • Performance Management MEXICO CITY 52.55.1253.9000 TORONTO 416.644.8370 LONDON 44.1753.616000 PARIS 33.1.41.96.86.86 world close the gap between where their businesses need to go and the talent DDI’s comprehensive, yet practical approach to talent management starts by ensuring a close connection of our solutions to your business strategies, and ends only when we produce the results you require. You’ll find that DDI is an essential partner wherever you are on your journey to building extraordinary talent. CONTACT US EMAIL: INFO@DDIWORLD.COM WWW.DDIWORLD.COM *LNN7* The Talent Management Expert LNN7 MKTLDRR47-0213-0MA © Development Dimensions International, Inc., MMXIII. All rights reserved.