2. Section Objectives
Upon completing this section, you should be
able to:
โข Discuss the fundamentals of garde manger:
nnsandwiches and hors dโoeuvres
3. Sandwiches
โข A sandwich is often the first meal a person learns to
prepare
โข Sandwiches may be served hot or cold
โข Assembly can happen in advance, or ร la minute
โ Depends on the desired outcome
4. Sandwich Components
โข Bread
โ Firm, thick, not overwhelming or dry
โ Pullman loaves, peasant-style breads, and rolls
โ Flatbreads, wrappers, and tortillas
โข Spread
โ Moisture barrier
โ Flavored butter or mayonnaise base, spreadable
cheeses, tahini, jams, and condiments
โ Holds sandwich together
6. Types of Sandwiches
โข Hot (e.g., panini, melt)
โ Closed
โ Open
โข Cold (e.g., club, deli)
โ Closed
โ Open
7. Sandwich Presentation
โข Presentation is very important for sandwich service
โข Assembly of sandwiches should be conducted in
an efficient and thoughtful manner
โข Consider quality and presentation
8. Sandwich Mise en Place
โข Prepare all ingredients
โ Cook, mix, slice, or rinse ingredients
as necessary
โข Arrange and store ingredients
โ Preportion as appropriate
โ Keep within easy reach but properly refrigerated
9. Sandwich Mise en Placeโcontinued
โข Select and arrange equipment
โ Spatulas, scoops, knives, cutting boards,
heat griddles, fryers, and broilers
10. Cutting Sandwiches
โข Sandwiches can be cut in a variety of ways to
make the presentation attractive
โ Halves
โ Thirds
โ Quarters
โข Garnish is important to the look of the sandwich
โ Consider โfunctionalโ garnishes
11. Sandwich Sanitation
โข Sandwiches, whether hot or cold, present a dangerous
environment for the spread of foodborne illness
โข High protein, precooked food, mayonnaise, and
butter, along with a variety of hand contact, create
food safety challenges
โข Produce sandwiches under the most stringent
conditions
12. Hors dโOeuvres
โข French word used to
describe small
portions of very
flavorful food items
served either before
the main meal, lunch,
or dinner, or as the
first course of a meal
13. Types of Hors dโOeuvres
โข Canapรฉ: Small open-faced sandwich that may be topped
with a variety of savory food items
โข Barquettes and tartlets: Miniature pie shells made from a
short pie dough and filled with a variety of savory fillings
โข Choux puffs and carolines: Miniature puff and รฉclair-
shaped choux paste shells filled with a variety of savory
purรฉes and mousses
14. Canapรฉs: Banquet-Style
โข Use a dense bread, such as pumpernickel or rye
(which allows elimination of toasting)
โข Use Pullman loaves, approximately 4" ร 4" ร 18"
โข These should be sliced lengthwise, no thicker than 1
/4"
โ If bread is extremely fresh or coarsely textured, it is
difficult to get thin, even slices
โ For thin, even slices, slice bread when slightly frozen
16. Canapรฉs: Banquet-Styleโcontinued
โข Soften spread by whipping or by allowing to
warm to room temperature
โข Apply spread to Pullman slice with a medium-
size palette knife
โข Apply filling to Pullman slice
โ Select an item for the filling that can be
applied quickly and easily to the bread
โ It is best if it can be applied in a single step
17. Canapรฉs: Banquet-Styleโcontinued
โข Items that can be sliced in long sheets on a meat
slicer then laid on top of the Pullman loaf work
well; these include ham, turkey, cheese, or smoked
salmon
โข Fine-textured salads, such as tuna salad, salmon
salad, and chicken salad, (when the recipe is
adjusted to avoid seepage of moisture) can be
easily spread onto a Pullman slice
18. Canapรฉs: Banquet-Styleโcontinued
โข At this point, you essentially have a very large,
open-faced sandwich
โข Banquet-style canapรฉs can beโand are oftenโ
made up to this point, one to two days in
advance
โข If you are making the canapรฉs in advance,
continue to the next step
โข The canapรฉ can be tightly wrapped and frozen,
and then defrosted and finished when needed
19. โข The Pullman-sized slices, spread and topped
with the filling, are coated with a thin layer of
aspic
โข Aspic helps to preserve their freshness and gives
them a glistening finish
โ Aspic can be applied with a brush or spray
bottle
โ Aspic should be delicate, not rubbery
โ It should be perfectly clear and have a good
flavor
Canapรฉs: Banquet-Styleโcontinued
20. โข The Pullman slice is now ready to be cut into
individual canapรฉs
โ Squares, diamonds, and triangles can be cut
using straight-line cuts of a long French knife
โ This technique results in the least amount of
wasted product
Canapรฉs: Banquet-Styleโcontinued
21. Canapรฉs: Banquet-Styleโcontinued
โข Rounds and crescents can be cut using a
sharpened round cutter
โ This technique results in more waste
โข Special shapes, such as stars, hearts, spades,
and others, can be cut from the Pullman slice
โ These cuts have the lowest yield per
Pullman slice
22. โข Exactness of size and shape is critical for an
elegant presentation
โข Individual canapรฉs should be lined up on a work
tray in neat โrank and fileโ order
โ Any misshapen or wrongly sized items can be
picked out easily
Canapรฉs: Banquet-Styleโcontinued
23. Canapรฉs: Banquet-Styleโcontinued
โข Garnish can be applied to the canapรฉ
โ The garnish should be one that can be
quickly made and easily applied
โ Chose a garnish that is suitable for
the filling
24. โข Basic method is the same as banquet-style
โข Special techniques
โ Bases with special shapes are often used
โ They cost more to handle and have a lower
yield of usable product
Canapรฉs: ร la Carte-Style
25. Canapรฉs: ร la Carte-Styleโcontinued
โข A commonly produced item is the coronet, made from salami,
ham, smoked salmon, or similar food
โ These are attached to a base with a rosette of basic spread
or compound butter
โ The coronet is filled with an olive, sour cream, caviar, or
other suitable food
โ This preparation has great eye appeal, but takes more
production time
โ Garnishes are often more complex, such as a strip of
marinated red pepper tied in a tiny bow
26. Tartlets and Barquettes
โข Prepare an unsweetened, short pie dough
โข Roll out thin, 1
/8" thick maximum
โข Allow rolled-out dough to rest
โ Freezing dough briefly will speed up resting
process
โข Cut rolled-out dough into small circles, squares, or
rectangles
โ These should be large enough to fully line interior
of the barquette or tartlet mold
27. Tartlets and Barquettesโcontinued
โข Loosely place square of dough into mold
โ It is not necessary to oil or lubricate mold
when using a short pie dough
28. Tartlets and Barquettesโcontinued
โข Place a second mold on top of first, sandwiching dough
between the two molds, apply gentle pressure to bring
them together
โข Trim excess dough from the edges of molds with a
paring knife
โข Place molds upside down on a sheet pan
โ A second sheet pan may be placed on top of the
molds to reduce tendency of dough to draw back
during baking
29. Tartlets and Barquettesโcontinued
โข Bake in a 375ยฐ
F (190ยฐ
C) oven,
until top mold falls off easily
โ It is acceptable for barquettes
and tartlet shells to be pale
and not โgolden brownโ
โ Be careful not to overbake
โข Overbaked shells shatter
easily
30. Tartlets and Barquettesโcontinued
โข If a custard is to be cooked in shells, dough should be
raw or just blanched when filled with custard
โ Shells can be made up to a week in advance
โข If barquette or tartlet is to be served cold, coat inside of
prepared shell with a spread or compound butter
โ This will help keep crust from getting soggy or
warped
โ Fill and garnish as you would for a canapรฉ
31. Choux Puffs and Carolines
โข Choux puffs
โ Use a straight #6 or #7
pastry tube
โ Pipe the paste into a
small ball, about 1-11
/2"
in diameter
โ After baking, the
diameter of the choux
puffs should be no more
than 2"
32. Choux Puffs and Carolinesโ
continued
โข Carolines
โ Use a straight #5 or #6 pastry tube
โ Pipe paste into lengths of no more than 2"
โ Bake as you would any item made from
choux paste
โ These shells should not be prepared more
than 3 to 4 days in advance
33. Choux Puffs and Carolines:
Preparing the Filling
โข Fillings suited for choux puffs and carolines
are purรฉes or mousses of meat, fish,
or vegetables
โข The content of filling, including garnishes,
needs to be small enough to pass through a
pastry tube
34. Choux Puffs and Carolines:
Preparing the Fillingโcontinued
โข Be careful not to overcook fish or meat for
purรฉe
โข If overcooked, it will give a grainy-mouth feel
to filling
โข This cannot be masked by the addition of
veloutรฉ or mayonnaise during processing
35. Choux Puffs and Carolinesโcontinued
โข Make a small hole in the bottom of the puff
with the tip of a small pastry tube and pipe in
the filling
โ In some cases, in order to fill the puff,
simply cut off the top of the puff
โข The cavity within the puff is then filled
with the desired filling
โ Fill puffs as close to service as possible;
they tend to become soggy when held
36. Choux Puffs and Carolineโcontinued
โข Choux puffs are not usually garnished
โข They can, however, be garnished like a canapรฉ
โข Carolines, after filling, are often topped with
a suitable chaud-froid sauce in the style of the
chocolate on an รฉclair