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Lsimington cjus4411 presentation
1. The Broken Window Theory
Lorrie C. Simington
Governor’s State University
Criminal Justice: 4411
2. Broken Window Theory
Beginnings:
The Broken window theory was first
introduced in the March 1982 article in the
Atlantic Monthly by James Q. Wilson and
George Kelling (Kelling & Wilson, 1982).
It was proposed with the purpose of
answering the question “Why is street crime
high in inner-city neighborhoods?” (Lily et
all, 2011:319).
3. James Q. Wilson
Received a B.A from the
University of Redlands, an
M.A. (1957) and his Ph.D.
(1959) in political science
from the University of
Chicago.
From 1961 to 1987, he was a
Professor of Government at
Harvard University
(economist, 2012).
May 27, 1931--March 2, 2012
4. George Kelling
Received a B.A. from St. Olaf
College, a M.S.W. from the
University of Wisconsin-
Milwaukee and his PhD from
the University of Wisconsin-
Madison (Manhattan, 2013).
Senior fellow at Manhattan
institute, a fellow at Kennedy
school of Gov. at Harvard &
studying the organizational
changes in policing
(Manhattan, 2013).
5. It is explained in the broken Window
theory:
that if a window pane of a house or
building is broken and it does not get
fixed, it sends the sign that the building
has no guardian (Lilly et all 2011:320).
Soon another window pane will be broken
and then another, until all the windows
are shattered and further vandalism has
begun to occur.
6. Causal Chain of Crime
This chain shows that one act of crime can lead to
more crimes, criminals and a higher rate of crime.
In order to prevent future crimes the initial act
must be confronted (Lilly et all 2011:320).
Disorder caused by disreputable people
Breakdown in informal control
Invasion of predatory criminals
High crimes rates in the neighborhood
7. Fixing Broken Windows
In order for control to be put back into the hands of
reputable people, Wilson and Kelling believed that it was
the job of the police to control deviants (Lilly et all
2011:320). Wilson and Kelling believed that the police
should have zero-tolerance for and be stricter with those
who:
Loitered
Bothered residents
Slept in doorways
Disturbed the peace
And solicited customers for sex or drugs
8. Achieving Zero-Tolerance
Kelling & Wilson believed that communities
could be safer if the police used foot patrol
officers in neighborhoods where high rates of
crime were (Kelling & Wilson, 1982).
Foot patrolling involved learning who the
regulars in a neighborhood were and who the
strangers were.
Regulars involved “decent folk” as well as “drunks that
knew their place” (Kelling & Wilson, 1982).
The strangers were those who were viewed as suspicious
and approached apprehensively(Kelling & Wilson,
1982).
9. Does the Broken Window Theory work?
Some believe that the broken window
theory is the reason zero tolerance has been
so effective in areas where crime rates were
once high. the police using foot patrol
officers would allow for control to be
brought back to reputable citizen. “Control
disorder and serious crime will fall” (Lily et all,
2011:321).
10. References:
• Kelling, G., & Wilson, J. (1982). Broken Windows. The Atlantic
monthly, (March), 5.
• Lilly, J. R., Cullen, F. T. & Ball, R. A. (2011). Criminological
Theory: Context and consequences (5th Ed.).
Washington D.C: Sage Inc.
• Manhattan Institute for Policy Research.(2013). Manhattan
Institute Scholar | George L. Kelling. Retrieved May
1,2013, from
http://www.manhattaninstitute.org/html/kelling.htm
• The Economist - World News, Politics, Economics, Business &
Finance.(March 10, 2012). James Q. Wilson | The
Economist. Retrieved May 1, 2013, from
http://www.economist.com/node/21549903
Editor's Notes
This picture was found using yahoo search: I chose this picture because it shows what I believe is a good representation of the broken window theory. A broken window left unfixed can lead to a whole new level of crime such as graffiti.
M.W.S. is a masters of social work, which Kelling worked as a child care worker for several years before working as a probation officer. (Kelling & Wilson, 1982).
A capable guardian, which as mentioned in the routine activity theory is a person, security personnel or dog that can guard a house or building and can often prevent crime (Lilly et all 2011:333).
