Architecture is the art and science of designing buildings, bridges, and other structures. It aims to satisfy aesthetic requirements while ensuring structural integrity and functionality. Architects specialize in designing structures. Key architectural developments include the post-and-lintel method, classical orders like columns and entablatures, arches, vaults, domes, flying buttresses, and modern materials like concrete, glass, and iron used in landmarks such as the Parthenon, Roman aqueducts and baths, Gothic cathedrals, and the Eiffel Tower.

1. Architecture

2. Architecture
• The art and science of designing
and constructing buildings

3. Architecture
• Is the art and science • Aims to satisfy the
of designing aesthetic
buildings, bridges requirements of the
and structures to help buildings without
us meet our personal disregarding the need
and communal needs. for a sound structure
with complete
utilities.
• A vehicle for artistic
expression in three
dimensions.

4. Architecture
Architects: specialists in designing
structures

5. Types of Architectural
Constructions

6. Architecture
One of the early architectural developments
was the use of the “post-and-lintel” method
A beam is placed horizontally
across upright posts.

7. Architecture
Parthenon in Athens, Greece.

8. Architecture
Parthenon in Athens, Greece.

9. Architecture
Ancient Greek
“Orders” (styles):
composed of a
shaft, capital, and
base.
http://www.bozzle.com/perClassicOrders.html

10. Architecture
Entablature: the top of an order; includes the
architrave, frieze, and cornice.
http://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/architecture/entablature.html

11. Architecture
Other key developments include the arch,
Arches have many
functions including
supporting other
structures such as
roofs and serving
as actual and
symbolic gateways.
http://www.arlington.k12.va.us/schools/drew/a&a/theromans.htm

12. Architecture
the vault,
http://www.arlington.k12.va.us/schools/drew/a&a/theromans.htm

13. Architecture
and the dome
http://www.arlington.k12.va.us/schools/drew/a&a/theromans.htm

14. Architecture
The arch was a purely Roman invention. An
arch is often made up of small stones called
voussoir and a large central stone called a
keystone.

15. Architecture
A series of columns is called a colonnade.
A series of arches is called an arcade.

16. Architecture
The arch, vault,
and dome are
variations of the
same concept
that allowed for
greater height
and more space
inside a
building.

17. Architecture
The Romans were great engineers. They
developed concrete as a building material,
which was used in building aqueducts, baths,
and other public works projects.

18. Architecture
Flying Buttress:
external arch that
counter-balanced the
outward thrust of the
high, vaulted ceilings.
http://www.m-w.com/mw/art/flyingbu.htm

19. Architecture
During the Industrial Revolution, many new
materials were developed: glass-- Crystal Palace
(1851)
http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi1158.htm

20. Architecture
and wrought iron:
The Eiffel Tower