The document discusses the "Bentobox method" for understanding web applications. It explains that a balanced mix of components is needed, similar to how food is arranged in a Japanese bento box lunch. The bento box is used as a metaphor for how different programming languages, frameworks, databases, and infrastructure are arranged like a puzzle to build functional web applications. Examples are given of how companies like Etsy, Foursquare, and others combine languages like PHP, Ruby, and Scala with frameworks like Rails, Django, and Lift along with databases like MySQL, PostgreSQL, and MongoDB.