Php guide for beginner

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PHP Training in Gandhinagar
Introduction to PHP
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PHP ReferencesPHP References
 General: Download, documentationGeneral: Download, documentation

http://www.php.net/http://www.php.net/
 Documentation: manualDocumentation: manual

http://www.php.net/manual/en/http://www.php.net/manual/en/
http://us2.php.net/manual/en/index.phphttp://us2.php.net/manual/en/index.php
 PHP.net tutorialPHP.net tutorial

http://php.net/manual/en/tutorial.phphttp://php.net/manual/en/tutorial.php
 W3schools tutorialW3schools tutorial
http://www.w3schools.com/php/default.asphttp://www.w3schools.com/php/default.asp

PHP functionsPHP functions
 Documented PHP functionsDocumented PHP functions

http://us2.php.net/quickref.phphttp://us2.php.net/quickref.php
 You can create your own functions tooYou can create your own functions too

ObjectivesObjectives
 What is PHP?What is PHP?
 How does a PHP script work with aHow does a PHP script work with a
Web Browser and a Web Server?Web Browser and a Web Server?
 What software and components youWhat software and components you
need to get started with PHP?need to get started with PHP?
 To create and run a simple PHP scriptTo create and run a simple PHP script

What Is PHP?What Is PHP?
 PHP, PHP Hypertext PreprocessorPHP, PHP Hypertext Preprocessor

Server-side scripting languages for creatingServer-side scripting languages for creating
dynamic web pagesdynamic web pages

PHP advantagesPHP advantages
Advantages of Using PHP to enhance WebAdvantages of Using PHP to enhance Web
pages:pages:

Easy to useEasy to use

Simpler than PerlSimpler than Perl

Open sourceOpen source

Multiple platform.Multiple platform.

How PHP Pages are AccessedHow PHP Pages are Accessed
and Interpretedand Interpreted
Client: Web browser Web server
1.Form submitted with a submit button
2.----- Action sends a request to the php file in server
3. Receive the request, find the file,
and read it
4. Execute the PHP commands
5. Send the results back
6. ---- results returned as HTML file
7. Web browser renders the HTML file, displaying the results

Getting Started with PHPGetting Started with PHP
To develop and publish PHP scripts you need:To develop and publish PHP scripts you need:

A client machine with a basic text editor andA client machine with a basic text editor and
Internet connectionInternet connection
• Prepare a text file with .php extensionPrepare a text file with .php extension

FTP or Telnet softwareFTP or Telnet software
• Upload the file.php to the serverUpload the file.php to the server

A Web server with PHP built into itA Web server with PHP built into it
• Process the file.phpProcess the file.php

WHH NoteWHH Note
 This means that a browser e.g. IE orThis means that a browser e.g. IE or
Firefox on the client computer will notFirefox on the client computer will not
recognize or render a file with extensionrecognize or render a file with extension
.php.php
 How do you check your PHP script beforeHow do you check your PHP script before
submission to server?submission to server?

http://www.shreedhoon.com/trainihttp://www.shreedhoon.com/traini
ng/index.phpng/index.php
Getting Started with PHPGetting Started with PHP
Set up development computer as a serverSet up development computer as a server

Laptop contains a server and a browser environmentLaptop contains a server and a browser environment

Laptop is also set up as a Web server - WAMPserverLaptop is also set up as a Web server - WAMPserver
• Windows Apache, MySQL, PHPWindows Apache, MySQL, PHP

Client machine: PC, XP, editors, browsersClient machine: PC, XP, editors, browsers

Internet connection not neededInternet connection not needed

Use copy and paste to transfer the scriptsUse copy and paste to transfer the scripts
 For class demos:For class demos:

localhost or 127.0.0.1 or cs346 serverlocalhost or 127.0.0.1 or cs346 server

Exploring the Basic PHPExploring the Basic PHP
Development ProcessDevelopment Process
The basic steps you can use to develop andThe basic steps you can use to develop and
publish PHP pages are:publish PHP pages are:
1. Create a PHP script file and save it to a local disk1. Create a PHP script file and save it to a local disk
• Test on localhost until satisfiedTest on localhost until satisfied
2. Use FTP to copy the file to the server2. Use FTP to copy the file to the server
3. Access your file via URL on server using a3. Access your file via URL on server using a
browserbrowser
• IE, Netscape, Opera, etc.IE, Netscape, Opera, etc.

Check PHP installationCheck PHP installation
 Create a simple PHP script, calledCreate a simple PHP script, called
phpinfo.phpphpinfo.php

The PHP script starts with a <?php tag andThe PHP script starts with a <?php tag and
ends with ?>ends with ?>

Between these tags is a single PHPBetween these tags is a single PHP
statement: phpinfo();statement: phpinfo();
 Copy the file to a directory of local serverCopy the file to a directory of local server

For WAMP: wamp/wwwFor WAMP: wamp/www
 Access the file with a browserAccess the file with a browser
 http://localhost/checkphp.phphttp://localhost/checkphp.php

Checking the server set upChecking the server set up
 Upload the phpinfo.php to cs346 serverUpload the phpinfo.php to cs346 server

E.g. to huen/m00E.g. to huen/m00
 Click on the linkClick on the link
 http://cs346.cs.uwosh.edu/huen/m00/phpinfo.phphttp://cs346.cs.uwosh.edu/huen/m00/phpinfo.php
 Check the various environments:Check the various environments:

ApacheApache

MySQLMySQL

PHP functionsPHP functions

variablesvariables

Creating a PHP Script FileCreating a PHP Script File
 Create PHP script welcome.phpCreate PHP script welcome.php

Starts with a <?php tag and ends with ?>Starts with a <?php tag and ends with ?>

Between these tags is a single PHP printBetween these tags is a single PHP print
statementstatement
 Copy the file to C:wampwwwCopy the file to C:wampwww
 Access the file withAccess the file with
http://127.0.0.1/welcome.phphttp://127.0.0.1/welcome.php
 Demo on localhostDemo on localhost
 Demo on cs346 serverDemo on cs346 server

Similarly for other PHP scriptsSimilarly for other PHP scripts
 Upload welcome.php to huen/m00Upload welcome.php to huen/m00
 Click onClick on
 http://cs346.cs.uwosh.edu/huen/m00/welcome.phphttp://cs346.cs.uwosh.edu/huen/m00/welcome.php
<?PHP
/* welcome.php */
print ("<h1 style="color: blue;">Welcome to PHP, CS346 class!</h1>");
/* Note the combination of html tags and css */
?>

Note the effect of CSS

Alternative PHP DelimitersAlternative PHP Delimiters
 You can alternatively start your PHP scriptsYou can alternatively start your PHP scripts
with the <script> tag as follows:with the <script> tag as follows:
<script language="PHP"><script language="PHP">
print ("A simple initial script");print ("A simple initial script");
</script></script>
 IfIf short_open_tagshort_open_tag enabled in its configurationenabled in its configuration
file (php.ini), you can use <? and ?>.file (php.ini), you can use <? and ?>.
 If asp_tags is enabled in the PHPIf asp_tags is enabled in the PHP
configuration file, you can use <% and %>configuration file, you can use <% and %>
as delimiters.as delimiters.

Proper SyntaxProper Syntax
 If you have aIf you have a syntax errorsyntax error then you havethen you have
written one or more PHP statements that arewritten one or more PHP statements that are
grammatically incorrect in the PHP language.grammatically incorrect in the PHP language.
 TheThe printprint statement syntax:statement syntax:
print ( "Your message to print" );
Enclose message
in quotation
marks
Message to Output
End in a
semi-colon
Parenthesis are
optional

If syntax is wrongIf syntax is wrong
<?php<?php
print ( "Welcome to PHP, CS346 class!);print ( "Welcome to PHP, CS346 class!);
?>?>

A Little About PHP's SyntaxA Little About PHP's Syntax
 Some PHP Syntax Issues:Some PHP Syntax Issues:

Be careful to use quotation marks, parentheses, andBe careful to use quotation marks, parentheses, and
brackets inbrackets in pairspairs..

Most PHP commands end with a semicolon (;).Most PHP commands end with a semicolon (;).

Be careful of case.Be careful of case.

PHP ignores blank spaces.PHP ignores blank spaces.

Embedding PHP Statements WithinEmbedding PHP Statements Within
HTML DocumentsHTML Documents
 One way to use PHP is to embed PHP scriptsOne way to use PHP is to embed PHP scripts
within HTML tags in an HTML document.within HTML tags in an HTML document.
 Save the file first with extension htmlSave the file first with extension html
 Validate the html fileValidate the html file
 Change the extension to phpChange the extension to php
 Access the script by URL on serverAccess the script by URL on server

<html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head><head>
<title>HTML With PHP Embedded </title><title>HTML With PHP Embedded </title>
</head></head>
<body><body>
<p style = "font-family:sans-serif; font-size:36;<p style = "font-family:sans-serif; font-size:36;
color:yellow; background-color:green">color:yellow; background-color:green">
Welcome To My Page!Welcome To My Page!
<?PHP<?PHP
print ("<br /> Using PHP is not hard!");print ("<br /> Using PHP is not hard!");
?>?>
<br /> and you can learn it quickly!</p><br /> and you can learn it quickly!</p>
</body></body>
</html></html>

vv
When embedded1.php is accessedWhen embedded1.php is accessed

Using Backslash () to GenerateUsing Backslash () to Generate
HTML Tags with print()HTML Tags with print()
 Sometimes you want to output an HTML tagSometimes you want to output an HTML tag
that also requires double quotation marks.that also requires double quotation marks.

Use the backslash (“”) character to signal that theUse the backslash (“”) character to signal that the
double quotation marks themselves should bedouble quotation marks themselves should be
output:output:
print ("<font color="blue">");print ("<font color="blue">");

The above statement would output:The above statement would output:
<font color="blue"><font color="blue">

Using Comments withUsing Comments with
PHP ScriptsPHP Scripts
 Comments enable you to includeComments enable you to include
descriptive text along with the PHPdescriptive text along with the PHP
script.script.

Comment lines are ignored when the scriptComment lines are ignored when the script
runs; they do not slow down the run-time.runs; they do not slow down the run-time.

Comments have two common uses.Comments have two common uses.
• Describe the overall script purpose.Describe the overall script purpose.
• Describe particularly tricky script lines.Describe particularly tricky script lines.

Using Comments with PHP ScriptsUsing Comments with PHP Scripts
 Comment Syntax - Use //Comment Syntax - Use //
standalonestandalone
<?php<?php
// This is a comment// This is a comment
?>?>
 Can be placed on Same line as aCan be placed on Same line as a
statement:statement:
<?php<?php
print ("A simple initial script");print ("A simple initial script");
//Output a line//Output a line
?>?>

Example Script with CommentsExample Script with Comments
1. <html> <head>1. <html> <head>
2. <title> Generating HTML From PHP</title> </head>2. <title> Generating HTML From PHP</title> </head>
3. <body> <h1> Generating HTML From PHP</h1>3. <body> <h1> Generating HTML From PHP</h1>
4. <?php4. <?php
5. //5. //
6. // Example script to output HTML tags6. // Example script to output HTML tags
7. //7. //
8. print ("Using PHP has <i>some advantages:</i>");8. print ("Using PHP has <i>some advantages:</i>");
9. print ("<ul><li>Speed</li><li>Ease of use</li>9. print ("<ul><li>Speed</li><li>Ease of use</li>
<li>Functionality</li></ul>"); //Output bullet list<li>Functionality</li></ul>"); //Output bullet list
10. print ("</body></html>");10. print ("</body></html>");
11. ?>11. ?>

Alternative Comment SyntaxAlternative Comment Syntax
PHP allows a couple of additional ways toPHP allows a couple of additional ways to
create comments.create comments.
<?php<?php
phpinfo(); # This is a built-in functionphpinfo(); # This is a built-in function
?>?>
 Multiple line comments.Multiple line comments.
<?php<?php
/*/*
A script that gets information about theA script that gets information about the
PHP version being used.PHP version being used.
*/*/
<? phpinfo(); ?><? phpinfo(); ?>

SummarySummary
 HTML pages are static and cannot interact withHTML pages are static and cannot interact with
usersusers
 PHP is a free, open source technology thatPHP is a free, open source technology that
enables documents to generate dynamicenables documents to generate dynamic
contentcontent
 PHP script has the extension of .phpPHP script has the extension of .php
 PHP script may be standalone orPHP script may be standalone or
 Can be embedded in an HTML documentCan be embedded in an HTML document

SummarySummary
 Resources needed for development:Resources needed for development:

Web server with built-in PHPWeb server with built-in PHP

a client machine with a basic text editor,a client machine with a basic text editor,
browser, and internet connectionsbrowser, and internet connections

FTP or Telnet software to send the script toFTP or Telnet software to send the script to
the serverthe server

SummarySummary
 PHP script process:PHP script process:

write the PHP script filewrite the PHP script file

copy the script file to the Web servercopy the script file to the Web server

access the file with a Web browseraccess the file with a Web browser
 Comments can be proceeded withComments can be proceeded with

two forward slashes (//)two forward slashes (//)

or #or #

or enclosed in /* and */or enclosed in /* and */

Contact usContact us
 Website:Website:
 www.shreedhoon.comwww.shreedhoon.com
 www.shreedhoon.com/training/index.phpwww.shreedhoon.com/training/index.php
 Blogs:Blogs:
 http://Dotnettrainingingandhinagar.blogspot.inhttp://Dotnettrainingingandhinagar.blogspot.in
 http://dotnettrainingingandhinagar.tumblr.com/http://dotnettrainingingandhinagar.tumblr.com/
 http://shreedhoontraining.weebly.com/http://shreedhoontraining.weebly.com/

Php guide for beginner

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