Different versions presented at: NAPHN15 Conference | October 2015 | Vancouver, BC CanPHI-West CEPH training courses | 2015, 2016 PHnw Conference | March 2016 | Portland, OR NAPHN16 Conference | June 2016 | New York, NY With the new Passive House Planning Package (PHPPv9) come many refinements. This presentation highlights the changes with the biggest potential impact on Passivhaus projects. Internal heat gains (IHG), occupancy load and the Primary Energy Renewable (PER) as well as the new Passive House classes will be evaluated on a project by project basis -- mainly in the Canadian context. What's new in the Passive House Planning Package (PHPP) version 9? >> Primary Energy Renewable (PER): Based on project location (each climate data set comes with the new PER factors) and different demand profiles (e.g. energy used for heating, plug loads, domestic hot water generation) + taking into account short term and seasonal storage and distribution losses associated with electricity generated by wind, solar and hydro + penalizing the use of fossil fuels (Remember: "natural gas" is a fossil fuel!) + recognizing that Canada has the potential for a relatively clean electricity mix, thanks to hydroelectric. (Essentially preparing for a time when all energy consumed in a building comes from 100% renewable resources.) >> New Passive House classes - Classic, Plus, Premium: Based on PER + accounting for renewable energy generated on site or off site, calculated based on building footprint. (Not to be confused with any of the many net-zero definitions out there.) >> Revised Internal Heat Gain defaults for residential projects: Acknowledging that smaller dwelling units have higher internal heat gains per floor area. (Making Passivhaus Laneway homes in Vancouver viable?) >> Revised Occupancy Rate defaults for residential projects: Finally allowing 1.00 adults to occupy spaces smaller than 35m2 (377ft2) + acknowledging that there are not 10 people permanently living in a 350m2 (3,767ft2) McMansion.

1. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
The new PHPP Version 9:
Project Specific Cause & Effect
Prepared and presented by:
André Harrmann
Dipl.-Ing. (FH), MHP, CPHD, LEED AP

2. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
Going from PHPPv8 to PHPPv9 – PART 1
What is Zero?
How to rate environmental impact
Primary Energy
Classic + Plus + Premium

3. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
15 kWh/m2a
10 W/m2
Heating Energy Balance in a Passivhaus
opaque
ventilation
transparent
solar gains
energy supply
Free
Heat
optimize
supply
maximize
gains
minimize
losses
internal gains
15 kWh/m2a × 100 m2
= 1,500 kWh/a demand
× $0.08 = 120 $/year
10 W/m2 × 100 m2 = 1 kW load
= 1× Hairdryer or
1× small baseboard heater
= $50 capital cost

4. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
Heating Energy Balance in a Passivhaus
opaque
ventilation
transparent
solar gains
energy supply
optimize
supply
internal gains

5. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
energy supply
Energy Balance – the Big Picture
opaque
ventilation
transparent
energy supply
heating / cooling
Free
Heat
15 kWh/m2a
10 W/m2
solar gains
internal gains
DHW, ventilation,
plug loads,
auxiliary, etc.
useful
energy
primaryenergydemand
finalenergy
connection
conversion
storage
distribution
$
€
£
¥

6. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
The All Electric Province of British Columbia
Source: PHI, PHPPv9

7. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
The All Electric Province of British Columbia
Source: PHI, PHPPv9

8. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
The All Electric Province of British Columbia
Source: PHI, PHPPv9

9. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
The All Electric Province of British Columbia
Source: PHI, PHPPv9

10. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
The All Electric Home
Source: PHI, PHPPv9

11. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
Thermal quality of the building
Energy Demand for Heating Q ≤ 15 kWh/(m²a)
Overall energy performance of the building
Primary Energy Demand PE ≤ 120 kWh/(m²a)
1 kWh Oil / Gas + 0.1 kWh = 1.1 kWh  PE 1.1
1 kWh Resource to generate Electricity Mix + 1.6 kWh  PE 2.6…2.4↓
1 kWh Wood + 0.2 kWh = 1.2 kWh  PE 0.2 …?
1 kWh Ethanol + 0.5 kWh for production & losses  PE 1.5?
(… PE 0.5 if produced on site from waste organic matter)
1 kWh Photovoltaic Inverter Output + manufacturing / grid / storage
losses = 1.03…4.23 kWh  PE ??  PE 0.7 … for on-site generation
Source: PHI
How to rate environmental impact

12. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
Thermal quality of the building
Energy Demand for Heating Q ≤ 15 kWh/(m²a)
Overall energy performance of the building
Primary Energy Demand PE ≤ 120 kWh/(m²a)
1 kWh Oil / Gas + 0.1 kWh = 1.1 kWh  PE 1.1
1 kWh Resource to generate Electricity Mix + 1.6 kWh  PE 2.6…2.4↓
1 kWh Wood + 0.2 kWh = 1.2 kWh  PE 0.2 …?
1 kWh Ethanol + 0.5 kWh for production & losses  PE 1.5?
(… PE 0.5 if produced on site from waste organic matter)
1 kWh Photovoltaic Inverter Output + manufacturing / grid / storage
losses = 1.03…4.23 kWh  PE ??  PE 0.7 … for on-site generation
New Indicator needed  Primary Energy Renewable (PER)
 GOOD INDICATOR
 RETHINK !
Source: PHI
How to rate environmental impact

13. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
• Site autonomy
• On-site carbon neutral
• Net-zero carbon  UK
• Net-zero energy  CHBA Net Zero Energy Council
• Net-zero primary energy  DOE
• Net Zero ready
• Nearly Zero Energy Buildings  European Union
• Green tariff
• Additionality
• Upgrading existing
• Near-site zero carbon
• Carbon offsetting
Net Zero Definitions

14. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
• Nearly Zero Energy Buildings  European Union
“a building that has a very high energy performance… The nearly zero
or very low amount of energy required should be covered to a very
significant extent by energy from renewable sources, including energy
from renewable sources produced on-site or nearby”
 All new buildings by 2020!
Net Zero Definitions
Source: DIRECTIVE 2010/31/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL

15. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
Total Electricity Consumption
Source: PHI
ENERGY IN - ENERGY OUT ≤ ZERO ? It is more complicated than that …
… because there are STORAGE LOSSES

16. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
California: Net-load with renewables
Source: California Independent System Operator (CAISO), Tesla
Net Load 14,160 MW
on 5 April 2015
13,000 MW / 2.0 kW = 6,500,000 Tesla Powerwalls

17. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
California: Net-load with renewables
Source: California Independent System Operator (CAISO), Tesla
13,000 MW / 2.0 kW = 6,500,000 Tesla Powerwalls
x 80 years x 365 days / 5.000 cycles
= 37,960,000 Tesla Powerwalls over the life time of the building
x $5,000 = $189,800,000,000 for Elon
(Not even considering further increase of renewables
from 12% to 50% by 2030)

18. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
Did You Know?
Source: The Onion

19. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
Renewable Energy for Passive House
Source: PHI

20. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
Primary Energy Renewable (PER)
Source: PHI
PER =
Energy supply from renewable source
Final energy demand at the building

21. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
Primary Energy Renewable (PER)
Source: PHI
PER Factor for each source and application [kWhPER/kWh]
Edir Electricity generated by RES used directly
EMS Electricity from short/medium term storage
ESS Electricity generated from energy in seasonal storage
EDL Distribution and other losses
ηMS and ηSS Efficiencies of storage processes (whole chain)
PER =
Edir +
EMS
ηMS
+
ESS
ηSS
+ EDL
Edir + EMS + ESS

22. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
Primary Energy Renewable (PER)
Source: PHI
Demand profile of the individual energy application:
Heating
Cooling
Dehumidification
Domestic Hot Water
Lighting and plug loads
PER =
Energy supply from renewable source
Final energy demand at the building
PER Factor are project location-specific – based on
locally available renewable primary power production
from PV, wind and hydro.

23. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
Application /
Final Energy
PE in v9
Ger-
many
Canada
/ US
Heating degree hours [kKh/a]:
Heat Elec. 2.4 2.6
Heat
Gas (Nat.
& RE),LPG
1.1 1.1
Heat
Oil, Coal,
Methanol
1.1 1.1
Heat Biomass 0.2 0.2
Cool Elec. 2.4 2.6
DHW Elec. 2.4 2.6
other Elec. 2.4 2.6
PHPPv9 and PER: Is Electricity still bad?
Source: PHI

24. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
Application /
Final Energy
PE in v9 PER
Ger-
many
Canada
/ US
PHPP
Default
Heating degree hours [kKh/a]: 82
Heat Elec. 2.4 2.6 1.81
Heat
Gas (Nat.
& RE),LPG
1.1 1.1 1.75
Heat
Oil, Coal,
Methanol
1.1 1.1 2.3
Heat Biomass 0.2 0.2 1.1*
Cool Elec. 2.4 2.6 1.11
DHW Elec. 2.4 2.6 1.32
other Elec. 2.4 2.6 1.31
PHPPv9 and PER: Is Electricity still bad?
Source: PHI

25. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
Application /
Final Energy
PE in v9 PER PER: Canada
Ger-
many
Canada
/ US
PHPP
Default
Van-
couver
Whis-
tler
Nel-
son
Smith-
ers
Edmon-
ton
Heating degree hours [kKh/a]: 82 69 92 94 121 125
Heat Elec. 2.4 2.6 1.81 1.48 1.51 1.68 1.50 1.75
Heat
Gas (Nat.
& RE),LPG
1.1 1.1 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75
Heat
Oil, Coal,
Methanol
1.1 1.1 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3
Heat Biomass 0.2 0.2 1.1* 1.1* 1.1* 1.1* 1.1* 1.1*
Cool Elec. 2.4 2.6 1.11 0.70 0.72 1.00 0.58 0.99
DHW Elec. 2.4 2.6 1.32 1.17 1.15 1.17 1.09 1.09
other Elec. 2.4 2.6 1.31 1.18 1.16 1.18 1.11 1.10
* Biomass is budgeted to max. 20kWh/m2
PHPPv9 and PER: Is Electricity still bad?
Source: PHI

26. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
Application /
Final Energy
PE in v9 PER PER: Canada PER: US
Ger-
many
Canada
/ US
PHPP
Default
Van-
couver
Whis-
tler
Nel-
son
Smith-
ers
Edmon-
ton
Port-
land
San
Francisco
Heating degree hours [kKh/a]: 82 69 92 94 121 125 104 24
Heat Elec. 2.4 2.6 1.81 1.48 1.51 1.68 1.50 1.75 1.80 1.68
Heat
Gas (Nat.
& RE),LPG
1.1 1.1 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75
Heat
Oil, Coal,
Methanol
1.1 1.1 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3
Heat Biomass 0.2 0.2 1.1* 1.1* 1.1* 1.1* 1.1* 1.1* 1.1* 1.1*
Cool Elec. 2.4 2.6 1.11 0.70 0.72 1.00 0.58 0.99 1.10 1.00
DHW Elec. 2.4 2.6 1.32 1.17 1.15 1.17 1.09 1.09 1.30 1.17
other Elec. 2.4 2.6 1.31 1.18 1.16 1.18 1.11 1.10 1.30 1.18
* Biomass is budgeted to max. 20kWh/m2
PHPPv9 and PER: Is Electricity still bad?
Source: PHI

27. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
• Building?
• Site?
• Street?
• Neighbourhood?
• City?
• Province, Country, Continent?
• The most correct boundary 
What is the boundary condition?

28. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
• The net-zero and plus-energy idea is leading to optimization in
the wrong direction
• Multi story buildings are discriminated by this system, because
they have less available surface for PV per TFA
 Take the building ground as reference for energy production
How to rate on-site energy production
Source: PHI

29. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
The New Passive House Classes
Source: PHI

30. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
Going from PHPPv8 to PHPPv9 – PART 2
Export  Import
Internal Heat Gains (IHG)
Occupancy Density

31. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
=IF(Nachweis!F28>0,IF(Flächen!N8/Nachweis!F28>
50/(4.1-2.1),2.1+50*Nachweis!F28/Flächen!N8,4.1),4.1)
PHPPv9: Internal Heat Gains
Source: PHPPv9
=IF (UNITS>0, IF(TFA/UNITS>
50/(4.1-2.1),2.1+50*UNITS/TFA,4.1), 4.1)

32. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
PHPPv9: Internal Heat Gains
Source: PHI, PHPPv9, Elemental Solutions

33. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
PHPPv9: Internal Heat Gains
Source: PHI, PHPPv9, Elemental Solutions

34. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
PHPPv9: Internal Heat Gains
Source: PHI, PHPPv9
2.5
113 225

35. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
PHPPv9: Internal Heat Gains & Occupants
Source: PHI, PHPPv9
2.5
113 225

36. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
Going from PHPPv8 to PHPPv9 – PART 3
Project Specific Effects
Classic + Plus + Premium

37. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
Project #1: Darmstadt-Kranichstein, Germany
Source: PHI
TFA: 156m2 | Units: 1 | Gt = 82 kKh/a | n50 = 0.2 ACH
Heating / DHW: Gas  Heat Pump | PV & Solar Thermal
Walls 0.14 | Roof 0.11 | Windows 0.78 W/m2K
Certified 25 years ago!

38. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
Project #1: Darmstadt-Kranichstein, Germany

39. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
Project #1: Darmstadt-Kranichstein, Germany

40. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
Project #1: Darmstadt-Kranichstein, Germany
Source: PHPP
Gas Boiler
no PV
no Solar Thermal
Gas Boiler
5m2 Solar = 1.7 mWh/a
Heat Pump
5m2 Solar = 1.7 mWh/a
Heat Pump
5m2 Solar = 1.7 mWh/a
82m2 PV = 9 mWh/a

41. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
Project #2: Khotso Passive House, Vancouver
Source: One SEED Architecture
TFA: 78+147 m2 | Units: 2 | Heating / DHW: Electric / Heat Pump
n50 = 0.6 ACH assumed | scheduled for 2016
Walls 0.11 W/m2K | Roof 0.10 W/m2K | Windows 0.85 W/m2K
Team: One SEED Architecture | Harrmann Consulting | CertiPHIers Cooperative

42. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
Project #2: The Project in an Urban Setting

43. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
Project #2: The Project in an Urban Setting

44. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
Project #2: The Building Shape

45. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
Project #2: Our Friendly City of Vancouver Staff

46. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
Project #2: The Results

47. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
Current case in v9:
Direct electric
Source: PHPP
Heat Pump
with and without
Shower Heat Recovery
1 Unit
Heat Pump
Shower HR
42m2 PV = 6.6mWh/a
(on garage roof)
Heat Pump
Shower HR
42m2 PV = 6.6mWh/a
6m2 Solar = 1.7mWh/a
Project #2: The Primary Energy Renewable PER

48. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
Project #3: Nelson, BC
Source: Cover Architectural Collaborative
TFA: 50+50+100m2 | Units: 3 | Gt = 94 kKh/a | Heating / DHW: Propane
n50 = 0.2ACH | Walls 0.10 W/m2K | Roof 0.05 W/m2K | Windows 0.8 W/m2K
Prepared for PV / Solar thermal
Certified 2014 | Team:
Cover Architectural Collaborative
Harrmann Consulting
LOCAL Design/Build
ReNü Building Science Inc.

49. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
Project #3: Nelson, BC
Source: Cover Architectural Collaborative
TFA: 50+50+100m2 | Units: 3 | Gt = 94 kKh/a | Heating / DHW: Propane
n50 = 0.2ACH | Walls 0.10 W/m2K | Roof 0.05 W/m2K | Windows 0.8 W/m2K
Prepared for PV / Solar thermal
Certified 2014 | Team:
Cover Architectural Collaborative
Harrmann Consulting
LOCAL Design/Build
ReNü Building Science Inc.

50. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
Project #3: Nelson, BC

51. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
Project #3: Nelson, BC

52. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
Project #3: Nelson, BC
Source: PHPP
Current case in v9:
Propane boiler
Shower Drain HR
Heat Pump
36m2 PV = 6 mWh/a
4m2 Solar = 2 mWh/a
All direct electric
Shower Drain HR
11 mWh/a generation
= 61m2 > 57m2 roof

53. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
Project #4: Cottonwood, Edmonton, AB
Source: David Zeibin
TFA: 247m2 | Units: 1 (+1) | Gt = 123 kKh/a | Heating / DHW: Gas Boiler
n50 = 0.3ACH | Walls 0.08 W/m2K | Roof 0.06 W/m2K | Windows 0.75 W/m2K
Location: Fort Saskatchewan (Edmonton climate set)
David Zeibin | ReNü Building Systems | Harrmann Consulting

54. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
Project #4: Cottonwood, Edmonton, AB
Source: David Zeibin

55. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
Project #4: Cottonwood, Edmonton, AB
Source: David Zeibin

56. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
Current case in v9:
Gas boiler
Source: PHI
All Electric
Shower Drain HR
84m2 PV = 11 mWh/a
All Electric
Shower Drain HR
Gas Boiler
Shower Drain HR
All Electric
Shower Drain HR
84m2 PV = 11 mWh/a
4m2 Solar = 2.3 mWh/a
Project #4: Cottonwood, Edmonton, AB

57. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016Source: ECOCOR
TFA: 123m2 | Units: 1 |
Heating / DHW: Sanden Heat Pump
n50 = 0.26ACH | built 2015
Walls 0.11 W/m2K | Roof 0.05 W/m2K
Windows 0.68 W/m2K
Team: ECOCOR | CertiPHIers
Project #5: Feeney Residence, Portland, Maine

58. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016Source: ECOCOR
Project #5: Feeney Residence, Portland, Maine

59. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016Source: ECOCOR
Project #5: Feeney Residence, Portland, Maine

60. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016Source: ECOCOR
Project #5: Feeney Residence, Portland, Maine

61. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016Source: PHI
v9: Heat Pump
Project #5: Feeney Residence, Portland, Maine
Heat Pump
+ 23m2 PV
Heat Pump
+ 59m2 PV

62. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016Source: Essential Habitat Architecture
TFA: 255m2 | Units: 1 | Heating / DHW: Natural Gas
n50 = 0.6ACH | 2014
Walls 0.28…0.65 W/m2K | Roof 0.08…0.18 W/m2K | Windows 1.30 W/m2K
Team: Essential Habitat Architecture | CertiPHIers
Project #6: Kaplan Residence, San Francisco

63. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016Source: Essential Habitat Architecture
Project #6: Kaplan Residence, San Francisco

64. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016Source: Essential Habitat Architecture
Project #6: Kaplan Residence, San Francisco

65. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016Source: Essential Habitat Architecture
Project #6: Kaplan Residence, San Francisco

66. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016Source: PHI
Project #6: Kaplan Residence, San Francisco
v9: Gas Boiler
Gas Boiler
+ 6m2 Solar Thermal
(current status)
Gas Boiler
6m2 Solar Thermal
+ 23m2 PV
Gas Boiler
6m2 Solar Thermal
+ 114m2 PV
Gas Boiler
6m2 Solar Thermal
23m2 PV
 2 units

67. Harrmann Consulting | May 2016
André Harrmann
Harrmann Consulting | www.15kwh10w.com
CertiPHIers Cooperative | www.certiphiers.com