The document discusses acute renal failure (ARF), including its definitions, causes, pathophysiology, prevention, management, and treatment options. Specifically, it covers: - ARF is defined as cessation of kidney function, with or without changes in urine output. It can be oliguric or non-oliguric. - Causes include hypo-perfusion/ischemia, toxins, and inflammation. Damage occurs via perfusion problems and tubular dysfunction. - Pathophysiology involves oxidative damage from reperfusion, ATP depletion, and immune response activation. - Prevention focuses on maintaining blood flow, avoiding toxins, and early intervention (e.g. lasix, mannitol).

1. Acute Renal Failure Matthew L. Paden, MD Pediatric Critical Care Emory University Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta at Egleston

5. Renal Lecture Required Picture #2

16. Pre-Renal vs. Renal Failure Renal Lecture Required Picture #3 <1.3 >1.3 U osm /P osm <350 mOsm/L >500 mOsm/L U osm <1.010 >1.020 Specific Gravity >40 mEq/L <20 mEq/L U Na >1% <1% Renal Failure Index >2% <1% FENa <20 >20 BUN/Cr Renal Prerenal

21. Renin Angiotensin Axis Renal Lecture Required Picture #4

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38. ATP ADP AMP Adenylosuccinate Adenosine Inosine IMP Hypoxanthine Xanthine Uric Acid Allantoin H 2 0 ∙ O 2 H 2 0 ∙ O 2 H 2 0 ∙ O 2 H 2 O 2 H 2 O 2 CO 2

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