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Heavy-Ion Physics @ LHC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ATLAS 25 CMS 60 ALICE 1000

The LHC facility ,[object Object],[object Object],April 2007 End 2007 Early 2008 *L max (ALICE) = 10 31 ** L int (ALICE) ~ 0.7 nb -1 /year Collision system PbPb pp <L>/L 0 (%) 10 7 Run time (s/year)  geom (b) L 0 (cm -2 s -1 ) √ s NN (TeV) 0.07 10 34 * 14.0 70-50 10 6 * * 7.7 10 27 5.5

Novel aspects : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Qualitatively new regime ALICE PPR CERN/LHCC 2003-049 J/ ψ 10 -6 10 -4 10 -2 10 0 x 10 8 10 6 10 4 10 2 10 0 M 2 (GeV 2 ) 10 GeV

Novel aspects : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Qualitatively new regime LHC RHIC SPS (h + +h - )/2  0 17 GeV 200 GeV 5500 GeV = √ s LO p+p y=0

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],HI experiments dN ch /d  ~ 1500 dN ch /d  ~ 2500 hep-ph0104010 5 √ s (GeV) 10 10 2 10 3 10 2 10 3 10 4 1.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 N ch /(0.5N part ) dN ch /d  |  <1 2 5 10 3

ALICE: the dedicated HI experiment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Cosmic rays trigger Solenoid magnet 0.5 T

US EMCaL (under discussion) Pb/Sci EMCal  x  = 1.4 x 2  /3 TPC TRD TOF PHOS RICH ITS

ALICE: the dedicated HI experiment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

ALICE PID performances ALICE PPR CERN/LHCC 2003-049

ALICE tracking efficiency  p/p < 1% 100% p t (GeV/c) 1 3 5 0 0.4 0.8 1.2  ALICE PPR CERN/LHCC 2003-049 TPC only

ALICE track resolution at high p t 10 100 p t (GeV/c) 50  p/p (%) 10 30 50  ALICE PPR CERN/LHCC 2003-049

ALICE pixel 40K channels 200+150  m

CMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Superconducting solenoid magnet 4T ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

ATLAS Inner detector Solenoid 2T EM calorimeter H calorimeter  detectors

CMS & ATLAS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

3 Experiments Bulk properties Hard processes Modified by the medium ALICE CMS&ATLAS PID T=  QCD Q s 0 1 2 10 100 p t (GeV/c)

QGP probes: hard processes modified by the medium ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Leading hadron quenching ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0 20 40 60 80 100 p t (GeV) 0.05 0.1 0.5 1 R AA A+A √s NN = 200, 5500 GeV Vitev&Gyulassy QM02

Jets reconstruction ,[object Object],[object Object],p t (GeV) 2 20 100 200 100/event 1/event 100K/year 100 GeV jet + HI event

Performance by ATLAS Cone algorithm R=0.4 E t > 30 GeV 50 150 250 350 0 40 80 % Efficiency Fake jets E t 50 150 250 350 E t 0 20 10 Energy resolution PbPb pp  E/E (%)

Performance by CMS Cone algorithm R=0.5 E t > 30 GeV Energy resolution E t 50 150 250 350 0 40 80 % E t 0 20 10  E/E (%) 200 300 0 100 0

Jet quenching ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Medium induced redistribution of jet energy occurs inside cone. C.A. Salgado, U.A. Wiedemann hep-ph/0310079 R vacuum medium E t = 50 GeV E t = 100 GeV 0.2 0 0 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0.2 R=√(  2 +  2 ) 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1  (R)

Exclusive jets: Redistribution of jet energy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Requires high quality tracking down to low p t .

Fragmentation functions z=p t / p jet p jet 0 0.5 1 z 10 -4 10 -2 1 vacuum medium 0 0.5 1 z 1/N jets dN c /dz 10 -1 10 10 3 reconstructed input p jet z k t

Exclusive jets: Tagging ,[object Object],40 500 Z 0 (  μ + μ - )-jet 50 10 4  *(  μ + μ - )- jet 50 10 6  -jet p t (GeV) Statistics (evts/month) Channel 50 600 100 6  10 3

Exclusive jets: Tagging ,[object Object],Z 0 Low (< 10%) background as compared to  /  0

Heavy flavor quenching observables ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

D quenching ( D 0  K -  + ) ,[object Object],[object Object],nucl-ex/0311004

c/b Quarkonia ,[object Object],|  | < 2.4 2.5 <  < 4 Events/100 MeV 10 3 J/  Y 5 10 15 10 2 dN/d  =8000 M  +  - (GeV) Events/25 MeV 10 4 J/  Y 2 3 4 9 10 11 0 10 5 10 4 dN/d  =5000

Looking forward ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The LHC facility: average L Time (h) 1 2 3 Experiments  * = 2 - 0.5 m I O = 10 8 ions/bunch 70% 55% 50% Tuning time 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 < L >/ L 0 0 5 10 15 20 0 ALICE PPR CERN/LHCC 2003-049

Novel aspects : Quantitatively new regime few 10 4 20-30 2-4 5 1.9 0.2 850 200 RHIC few 10 3 V f (fm 3 ) ~10  f (fm/c) ≤ 2  QGP (fm/c) 3  (GeV/fm 3 ) 1.1 T/T c 1  0 QGP (fm/c) 500 dN ch /dy 17 √ s NN (GeV) LHC SPS few 10 5 bigger 5500 X 28 1500-8000 ? 0.1 faster 3.0-4.2 hotter 15-60 denser 30-40 ≥ 10 longer

Novel aspects : ,[object Object],[object Object],Qualitatively new regime m u = m d = m s m u = m d m u = m d ; m s  m u,d HQ suppressed exp(-m c,b,t /T)  s (T)=4  /(18log(5T/Tc))

Scientific objectives of HI physics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],RHIC + CBM LHC

Heavy-ion running scenario ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Combined PID Probability to be a pion Probability to be a kaon Probability to be a proton

Inclusive jets by ALICE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],R=0.3 p t > 2 GeV

Exclusive jets: Tagged jets p t (GeV) R AA PbPb + 40 GeV  -jet 1 0 10 20 30 40 0 2 3 4 Tagging 0 10 20 30 40 No Tagging

Heavy quarks jets A. Dainese QM04 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

D 0  K -  + reconstruction in ALICE

ALICE TPC E E 510 cm E E 88  s Central electrode

D 0  K -  + reconstruction in ALICE A. Dainese QM04 ,[object Object]

Cone angle (°) 0 20 40 0 0.1 0.2 C.A. Salgado, U.A. Wiedemann  E/E

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