3. What is mutation?
Mutation is a
permanent
change in
the genetic
information.
4. Types of mutation
Somatic Mutation
Mutation occurs in
any body cells
EXCEPTS gametes.
Somatic mutation
cannot pass on to
the next
generation.
E.g: Lung Cancer
Germ line Mutation
Mutation occurs in any
body, especially in the
reproductive organ such
as sperm or egg.
Germ line mutation
can pass on to the
next generation.
E.g: Huntington’s
disease
5. What causes mutation?
Ionising radiation.
Ionising radiation such as UV light, X-ray, and
gamma rays can alter DNA to cause cancers and
other harmful conditions. E.g : skin cancer
Chemical agents.
Chemical agents that causes mutations include
environmental poisons and irritants such as
tobacco tar and high alcohol intake.
Biological agents.
Virus and Bacteria that alter the structure of DNA.
E.g: HPV increases the risk of cervical cancer.
6.
7. Changes on DNA
•Adenine Thymine
•Cytosine Gaunine
•22 pairs autosomal Chromosomes (44)
•1 pair sex – linked chromosomes (2)
8. Mutation
Substitution (Silent Mutation)
During the coping process one of the bases are
copied wrong or lost, then gets substituted with
the wrong one.
9. Mutation
Insertion (Frame Shift)
After the chain breaks, during the fixing
process extra bases are added and then
one side of the chromosome is one or
more bases longer
10. Gene Mutation
Deletion (Frame Shift)
After the chain breaks, during the fixing
process, extra bases are lost and then one
side of the chromosome is one or more
bases shorter.
12. Medical Technology
Amniocentesis is performed
between 16 and 20 weeks
into the pregnancy. By
around this time, the
developing baby is
suspended in amniotic
fluid. A thin needle is used
to withdraw a small
amount of this fluid from
the sac surrounding the
fetus.
It can be used to test:
Down syndrome
Cystic Fibrotic
Fragile X syndrome
13. Chorionic Villus
Sampling (CVS)
CVS test genetic
abnormalities by taking
a tiny sample piece of
the placenta tissue
using a slender needle.
It is specifically used to
detect genetic disorder
disease such as Down
syndrome or cystic
fibrosis.
14. Karyotype
Karyotype is an organised profile of a
person’s chromosomes. 22 pairs autosome
and 1 pair of sex chromosomes.
16. Genetic Disorder
Diseases
Research on the questions on the genetic
disorder disease answer sheet.
You should provide answers of each questions
in details.
Finish the answer sheet in 20 mins, then go to
moodle.
Under Year 10 Biological Science, go to the
group number link.
17. Padlet
Key in the password “ Mutation”, then you
can write your answers on the wall.
Here is your seating plan and Code, write the
Code in the top left box on your answer
sheet.
Write Relevant Content ONLY
1A 1B 1C 1D 5A 5B 5C 5D
2A 2B 2C 2D 6A 6B 6C 6D
3A 3B 3C 3D 7A 7B 7C 7D
4A 4B 4C 4D 8A 8B 8C 8D
18. Quiz Time (lol)
1) Define mutation.
Mutation is a sudden and ____________change on genes.
2) List two types of mutation and identify their differences.
3) Define Karyotype
4) List three possible mutagens ( agents that can increase
the rate of mutation)
5) List 2 medical technologies to detect genetic disorder.
