Relation between biotic component to feeding (my work) wide
1.
2. Symbiosis in Plants and Animals
• Symbiosis means “living together”.
• A relationship between two or more
different species interacting with
each other.
4. Epiphytes
• Epiphytes are small
green plants found
growing on other plants
for space only.
• It do not obtain
nutrients but its can
make its own food by
photosynthesis.
• Has specialized roots to
anchor itself firmly.
• E.g- pigeon orchids
- ferns
- mosses
5. • It has swollen stem at its
base (false bulb).
• It roots:-
– Has special roots (aerial
roots) to absorb moisture
from the surrounding.
– Coated with a spongy layer
(velamen) : prevents root
o Pigeon orchid tissues from drying out.
6. • Is an animal
commensal attached
to another animal
(its host).
• examples:
Vorticella (epizoic)
and daphnia (host).
Cyclop (host) and • Epizoics (remora fish) attach
vorticella (epizoic). themselves to the bodies of
Barnacles (epizoic) these hosts (the shark) for free
and crab (host).
transport, and feed on leftovers
from their hosts’ meals.
7. Mutualism
• Is an interaction between 2 species in which both
organisms benefit.
• Both organisms depend on each other to survive.
Example of interaction :
o Lichen – combination of a green
algae and a fungus
o Green algae- carry out
photosynthesis and supplies food
and oxygen to fungus.
o Fungus- gives shelter, water, carbon
dioxide, and nitrogenous compounds
Lichen… to green algae.
8. Parasitism
• Is a relationship between two organisms in which
one organism (parasite) and the other (the host) is
harmed.
o Fleas on the surface of
a host’s body…
o A tapeworm which is
live in a human
body…
9. Endoparasites Ectoparasites
• Parasites that live in another • Parasites that live on another
organisms (host). organisms. (host).
• Examples are: • Example are:
- roundworms :(on animals/human)
- tapeworms - ticks
- flukes - lice
• The host usually loses nutrients to the - fleas
parasites. :(on plants)
• Adaptations: - mealy bugs
– they have specific protection cuticles - aphids (plant lice).
and produce mucus and anti-enzymes
secretion. • Adaptations:
– Less nervous system and sense – They have sharp mouths for sucking,
organs. biting and hooking.
10. • A type of interaction where living organisms feed on dead
organic matter for food.
• Examples are: mushroom, mucor, bracket fungus,
sporangia.
o Bracket
fungus
o Mucor sp. o Saprophytic mushroom
11. • Interaction between two organisms which one will hunt
and kill the other for food. predator
prey
* The prey-predator relationship helps to control the
population of different animals in an ecosystem.