This document discusses key concepts related to pharmacology administration including prescription elements, dosage forms, routes of administration, allergic reactions, and the body's natural chemical response. It outlines the five rights of drug administration, common abbreviations used in prescriptions, different prescription elements, and reasons for various routes of drug delivery. The document also describes the four types of allergic reactions, examples of causing agents, and treatments. Finally, it discusses the roles of histamines, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes in the body's inflammatory response.

1. 1
Administration of
Pharmacologic Agents
Prescription Elements/ Abbreviations
Five Rights
Dosage Routes & Forms
The ALLERGY Reaction

3. 3
Prescription Orders
♦RX
–Verbal orders
–Telephone orders
–Written orders
–E-fill

4. 4
Prescription Elements ~~~
♦ Patient’s name,
address, phone #, dob
♦ Date the Rx was
written
♦ Name of the
drug/device
♦ Strength, amount &
refills
♦ Signa – directions for
use
♦ Prescriber’s name,
title, address, phone #
♦ Calif. License #, DEA
number
♦ DAW (Dispense as
Written)
♦ Prescriber’s signature

5. 5
Pharmacy Abbreviations ~~~
♦ Measurement
(Amounts)
♦ Bodily Functions
(Conditions)
♦ Route
♦ Form (Delivery
System)
♦ Drug References
♦ Time of
Administration
♦ Site of Administration
(Part of the Body)
♦ Pharmacy Instruction

6. 6
Five Rights of Drug
Administration
♦ Right Medicine
♦ Right Amount
♦ Right Time
♦ Right Route
♦ Right Patient
♦ #6! Right Documentation

7. 7
Reasons for Different Routes of
Administration
♦ Convenience
♦ Preferred route is unavailable
♦ Rapid onset of action is desired
♦ Target delivery of drug to specific site of
action
♦ Prolong duration of action

8. 8
Dosage
Routes Forms
♦ Oral (by mouth)
– Swallowed
– SL
– Buccal
♦ Parenteral (injection)
– IV,IM,SQ
♦ Topical
– Applied to surface of
skin or mucous
membranes
♦ Tabs, caps, sol, elix,
susp, lozenges, etc..
♦ Solutions &
suspensions
♦ Ung, crm, ltn, otic,
opth, inhalants, suppos
♦ Rectal/vaginal
♦ Nasogastral

10. The ALLERGIC Reaction

11. 11
Four Type of Allergic Reactions
♦ Type I (anaphylactic reaction)
– Immediate reaction that occurs in a previously
sensitized person.
– sudden, severe bronchospasm & hypotension,
followed by rapid death.
– N/V/convulsions, cyanosis, vascular collapse,
cardiac arrest.
– Sample drugs: penicillins and cephalosporins.
– TX: antihistamines, epinephrine &
bronchodilators.

12. 12
Type of Allergic Reactions cont.
♦ Type II (cytotoxic reaction)
– Autoimmune response involving drug and IgG or IgM.
– Drugs: methyldopa, PCN, quinidine, procainamide
– TX- remove medication
♦ Type III (immune complex-serum sickness)
– Delayed fever, angioedema, swollen lymph nodes
– Drugs: PCN, Sulfas, Phenytoin
♦ Type IV (delayed hypersensitivity reaction
– Direct skin contact inflammatory reaction
– Poison ivy/oak

13. The ALLERGIC Response

15. 15
Natural Chemicals & Response
Histamines
*blood vessels dilate
*increase capillary
permeability/edema
*uticaria/dermatitis
*rhinitis
*decrease vascular
resistance/blood
pressure
*increase GI secretions
*bronchial constriction
Prostaglandins
*uterine spasms
*relax arterial smooth
muscle
*decrease BP
*increase HR/CO/RBF
*increase loss of H20
and Na+
*increase GI secretions
*increase pain &
inflammation
Leukotrienes
*edema
*increase mucus
secretions
*10-1000 times more
potent than Histamine

16. 16
Summary Slide
♦ Understand the 5 /6
rights
♦ Recognize common
dosage forms
♦ Know routes of
administration
♦ Factors that influence
drugs effects
♦ Natural chemicals
action & response