This document discusses several key process skills used in science: 1) Classification involves grouping objects into categories based on shared properties, including binary and multistage classification. Dichotomous keys help identify specimens. 2) Measurement quantifies variables using standard and nonstandard units to enable consistent comparisons. 3) Communication conveys information from one part to another, including recording and presenting data. 4) Inference draws tentative conclusions based on observations and prior knowledge. 5) Prediction forecasts possible outcomes of investigations based on known patterns in data through interpolation or extrapolation.

1. Process Skills SCED 570, Fall 2010 by Dr. Song Chap2.

2. Classification Process of grouping Binary classification: Sorting objects into 2 groups based on a particular property Multistage classification Serial classification: sorting objects in a logical order on the basis of the extent or degree to which they demonstrate a common attribute Dichotomous key: a tool that scientists can use to help identify a particular specimen

3. Serial classification

4. Serial classification

5. Measurement Quantify variables using a variety of instruments and nonstandard/standard units Nonstandard units: it is difficult to consistently compare objects that cannot be held side by side Standard units: enable consistent descriptions and comparisons of measured objects that are not side by side and cannot be directly compared

6. Communication Convey information from one part to another Record data in multiple ways and present them to others

7. Inference Interpretation of observation Draw a tentative conclusion about objects, organism, or events base on observation and prior knowledge

9. Prediction: Sunspot activity