CLI, the other SAPI phpnw11

CLI, the other SAPI phpThijs FerynEvangelist+32 (0)9 218 79 06thijs@combellgroup.com

About me I’m an Evangelist at Combell

About me I’m a board member at PHPBenelux

Follow me on Twi+er: @ThijsFerynGive me feedback: h+p://joind.in/3596

SAPI? The way you interact with PHP

Common SAPIs

Common SAPIs • Apache/Apache 2 • FPM • FastCGI • ISAPI • CLI • GTK

The CLI SAPIPHP script execuWon via the command line interface

When to use

When to use• In crons• For batch tasks• For worker processes• Daemons• Process control• InteracWon with other binaries

CLI 101

CLI 101The PHP binaryPassing argumentsReading from STDINI/O with pipes

CLI 101Invoking a script with the PHP binaryphp file.php

CLI 101 Passing argumentsphp file.php arg1 arg2

CLI 101 interpreting arguments<?phpecho "Number of arguments {$argc}n";foreach($argv as $key=>$argument){ echo "Argument # {$key}: {$argument}n"; }

CLI 101 interpreting arguments Argument Argument count array<?phpecho "Number of arguments {$argc}n";foreach($argv as $key=>$argument){ echo "Argument # {$key}: {$argument}n"; }

CLI 101 The PHP ﬁle is an interpreting arguments argument too$ php args.php arg1 arg2Number of arguments 3Argument # 0: args.phpArgument # 1: arg1Argument # 2: arg2$

CLI 101 interpreting arguments$_SERVER[‘argc’] $argc$_SERVER[‘argv’] $argv !!! register_argc_argv !!!

CLI 101 getopt<?php$arguments = getopt(ab:c::);var_dump($arguments);

CLI 101 getopt OpWonal Flag (no value) value<?php$arguments = getopt(ab:c::);var_dump($arguments); Required value

CLI 101php getopt.php -‐a -‐b 2 -‐c3array(3) { ["a"]=> No bool(false) ["b"]=> spacing for string(1) "2" opWonal ["c"]=> arguments string(1) "3"}

CLI 101 getopt: longopts<?php$arguments = getopt(,array(arg1,arg2:,arg3::));var_dump($arguments);

CLI 101php getopt2.php -‐-‐arg1 -‐-‐arg2 123 -‐-‐arg3=xarray(3) { ["arg1"]=> bool(false) Mind ["arg2"]=> the “=” sign string(3) "123" ["arg3"]=> string(1) "x"}

CLI 101 REading From STDIN<?php$handle = fopen(php://stdin,r);while(!feof($handle)){ $line = trim(fgets($handle)); if(strlen($line) > 0){ echo strrev($line).PHP_EOL; }}fclose($handle);

CLI 101$ cat test.txt | php stdin.php enOowTeerhT$

CLI 101$ cat test.txt | php stdin.php enOowT Output Convert eerhT$ ﬁle output to input with pipes

Comparing the Apache & CLI SAPI

Comparing the Apache & CLI SAPI Web based SAPI’s• HTTP is a stateless protocol• Request/response based• Limited interacWon• Sessions & cookies as workaround• ExecuWon Wmeouts• Limited request/response size

Comparing the Apache & CLI SAPI CLI SAPI• Controlable state• Controlable script execuWon• ConWnuous interacWon• No need for sessions• No execuWon Wmeouts

The PHP binary php

The PHP binaryUsage: php [options] [-‐f] <file> [-‐-‐] [args...] php [options] -‐r <code> [-‐-‐] [args...] php [options] [-‐B <begin_code>] -‐R <code> [-‐E <end_code>] [-‐-‐] [args...] php [options] [-‐B <begin_code>] -‐F <file> [-‐E <end_code>] [-‐-‐] [args...] php [options] -‐-‐ [args...] php [options] -‐a

InteracMve mode (-‐a) $ php -‐a Interactive shell php > echo 5+8; 13 php > function addTwo($n) php > { php { return $n + 2; php { } php > var_dump(addtwo(2)); int(4) php >

InteracMve mode (-‐a) $ php -‐a Tab Interactive shell compleWon php > stri[TAB][TAB] strip_tags stripcslashes stripslashes stristr stripos php > stri

Run code (-‐r) $ php -‐r "echo date(Y-‐m-‐d H:i:s);" 2011-‐03-‐02 22:04:45 $

Conﬁg directory (-‐c) $ php -‐c /custom/dir/php.ini script.php

Deﬁne custom INI seSng (-‐d) $ php -‐d max_execution_time=20 -‐r $foo = ini_get("max_execution_time"); var_dump($foo); string(2) "20" $

Get INI informaMon (-‐i) Filtering items $ php -‐i | grep “log_” define_syslog_variables => Off => Off log_errors => On => On log_errors_max_len => 1024 => 1024 $

Syntax/lint check (-‐l) Only checks parse errors $ php -‐l myFile.php No syntax errors detected in myFile.php $

Module list (-‐m) $ php -‐m [PHP Modules] bcmath bz2 calendar Core ctype curl date dba $

Syntax highlighMng (-‐s)<?phpecho "Hello world";$ php -‐s helloworld.php > helloworld.html$

Syntax highlighMng (-‐s)<code><?php echo <spanstyle="color:#DD0000">"Hello world"<spanstyle="color: #007700">;<?phpecho "Hello world";

Version info (-‐v) $ php -‐v PHP 5.3.3-‐1ubuntu9.3 with Suhosin-‐Patch (cli) (built: Jan 12 2011 16:07:38) Copyright (c) 1997-‐2009 The PHP Group Zend Engine v2.3.0, Copyright (c) 1998-‐2010 Zend Technologies $

FuncMon reﬂecMon (-‐-‐rf)$ php -‐-‐rf json_encodeFunction [ <internal:json> function json_encode ] { -‐ Parameters [2] { Parameter #0 [ <required> $value ] Parameter #1 [ <optional> $options ] }}$

Class reﬂecMon (-‐-‐rc) $ php -‐-‐rc stdclass Class [ <internal:Core> class stdClass ] { -‐ Constants [0] { } -‐ Static properties [0] { } -‐ Static methods [0] { } -‐ Properties [0] { } -‐ Methods [0] { } } $

Extension reﬂecMon (-‐-‐re)$ php -‐-‐re jsonExtension [ <persistent> extension #20 json version 1.2.1 ] {... -‐ Functions { Function [ <internal:json> function json_encode ] { -‐ Parameters [2] { Parameter #0 [ <required> $value ] Parameter #1 [ <optional> $options ] } }...}

Extension INI informaMon (-‐-‐ri) $ php -‐-‐ri pdo PDO PDO support => enabled PDO drivers => mysql, sqlite, sqlite2 $

Back on track

Back to I/O

Input & output Web CLI• $_SERVER • $_SERVER• $_GET • $argc/$argv• $_POST • $_ENV• $_COOKIE • getopt()• $_SESSION • STDIN/STDOUT/ STDERR• $_ENV

Change your mindset

Change your mindset Don’t use sessions & cookies Just use local variables

Change your mindset If you don’t need HTTP, use CLI E.g. cronjobs Avoid overhead

Change your mindset Current directory != webroot CLI scripts are ➡Use dirname(__FILE__) executable everywhere➡Use chdir()➡Use getcwd()

STDIN <?php $handle = fopen(php://stdin,r); while(!feof($handle)){ $line = trim(fgets($handle)); if(strlen($line) > 0){ echo strrev($line).PHP_EOL; } } fclose($handle);

STDIN <?php while(!feof(STDIN)){ $line = trim(fgets(STDIN)); if(strlen($line) > 0){ echo strrev($line).PHP_EOL; } }

STDIN Stream that is opened <?php by default while(!feof(STDIN)){ $line = trim(fgets(STDIN)); if(strlen($line) > 0){ echo strrev($line).PHP_EOL; } }

STDIN The Stream that is opened proof ! by default $ php -‐r "var_dump(STDIN);" resource(1) of type (stream) $

Wordcount example<?php$wordArray = array();while(!feof(STDIN)){ $line = trim(fgets(STDIN)); if(strlen($line) > 0){ foreach(preg_split(/[s]+/,$line) as $word){ if(!array_key_exists($word,$wordArray)){ $wordArray[$word] = 0; } $wordArray[$word]++; } }}ksort($wordArray);foreach($wordArray as $word=>$count){ echo "$word: $count".PHP_EOL;}

Wordcount example$ cat wordcount.txt UK ThijsThijsUKThijs PHPNW11ThijsUK$ cat wordcount.txt | php wordcount.php PHPNW11: 1Thijs: 4UK: 3$

STDOUT STDOUT == echo<?php$handle = fopen(php://stdout,w);fwrite($handle,Hello world);fclose($handle);

STDOUT<?phpfwrite(STDOUT,Hello world);

STDERR<?php$handle = fopen(php://stderr,w);fwrite($handle,Serious error!);fclose($handle);

STDERR<?phpfwrite(STDERR,Serious error!);

Mixing STDOUT & STDERR<?phpfwrite(STDOUT,STDOUT output.PHP_EOL);fwrite(STDERR,STDERR output.PHP_EOL);$ php stdmix.php STDOUT outputSTDERR output$

Mixing STDOUT & STDERR<?php Looks fwrite(STDOUT,STDOUT output.PHP_EOL); the samefwrite(STDERR,STDERR output.PHP_EOL);$ php stdmix.php STDOUT outputSTDERR output$

Mixing STDOUT & STDERR$ php stdmix.php > /dev/null STDERR output$$ php stdmix.php &> /dev/null$

Mixing STDOUT & STDERR STDOUT is caught$ php stdmix.php > /dev/null STDOUT STDERR output$ & STDERR are caught$ php stdmix.php &> /dev/null$

AlternaMve output<?phpfclose(STDOUT);$handle = fopen(realpath(dirname(__FILE__)./output.txt),a);echo "Hello world!".PHP_EOL;fclose($handle);

AlternaMve output<?phpfclose(STDOUT);$handle = fopen(realpath(dirname(__FILE__)./output.txt),a);echo "Hello world!".PHP_EOL;fclose($handle); echo output is wrioen to ﬁle

Piping$ php -‐r for($i=0;$i<10;$i++) echo $i.PHP_EOL;0123456789$ php -‐r for($i=0;$i<10;$i++) echo $i.PHP_EOL; | wc -‐l 10$

Readline<?php$name = readline("Whats your name: ");$location = readline("Where do you live: ");echo PHP_EOL."Hello $name from $locationn";$ php readline.php Whats your name: ThijsWhere do you live: BelgiumHello Thijs from Belgium$

Shebang !

Shebang !#!/usr/bin/php<?phpecho "Hello world".PHP_EOL;$ chmod +x shebang.php$ ./shebang.phpHello world$

Encore

Process Control should not be enabled within a web server environment and unexpected results may happen if any Process Control funcWons are used within a web server environment.

Forking PID value determines context Copy <?php program $pid = pcntl_fork();if ($pid == -1) { execuWon //Forking failed} else if ($pid) { //Parent logic} else { PID of child //Child logic} process

Forking<?php$pid = pcntl_fork();if ($pid == -1) { die(could not fork);} else if ($pid) { echo "[parent] Starting".PHP_EOL; pcntl_wait($status); echo "[parent] Exiting".PHP_EOL;} else { echo "[child] Starting".PHP_EOL; for($i=0;$i<3;$i++){ echo "[child] Loop $i".PHP_EOL; sleep(1); } echo "[child] Exiting".PHP_EOL; exit;}

Forking Perform forking<?php$pid = pcntl_fork();if ($pid == -1) { die(could not fork); Wait for child } else if ($pid) { terminaWon echo "[parent] Starting".PHP_EOL; pcntl_wait($status); echo "[parent] Exiting".PHP_EOL;} else { echo "[child] Starting".PHP_EOL; for($i=0;$i<3;$i++){ echo "[child] Loop $i".PHP_EOL; sleep(1); } echo "[child] Exiting".PHP_EOL; exit;}

Signals<?phpdeclare(ticks = 1);function sig_handler($signo){ switch ($signo) { case SIGTERM: echo PHP_EOL."SIGTERM".PHP_EOL; exit(); break; case SIGINT: echo PHP_EOL."SIGINT".PHP_EOL; exit(); break; }}pcntl_signal(SIGTERM, "sig_handler");pcntl_signal(SIGINT, "sig_handler");sleep(100);

Signals<?phpdeclare(ticks = 1); Process terminaWonfunction sig_handler($signo){ switch ($signo) { case SIGTERM: Process echo PHP_EOL."SIGTERM".PHP_EOL; exit(); break; case SIGINT: interrupWon echo PHP_EOL."SIGINT".PHP_EOL; exit(); break; Catch signals }}pcntl_signal(SIGTERM, "sig_handler");pcntl_signal(SIGINT, "sig_handler");sleep(100);

POSIX process control funcMons<?phpecho "[prefork] PID:".posix_getpid().", parent PID: ".posix_getppid().PHP_EOL;$pid = pcntl_fork();if ($pid == -1) { die(could not fork);} else if ($pid == 0) {echo "[child] PID: ".posix_getpid().", parent PID: ".posix_getppid().PHP_EOL; exit;} else { echo "[parent] PID: ".posix_getpid().", parent PID: ".posix_getppid().PHP_EOL; pcntl_wait($status);

Parent PID Prefork PID POSIX process c== funcMons of parent ontrol == <?phpsession PID parent PIDecho "[prefork] PID:".posix_getpid().", parent PID: ".posix_getppid().PHP_EOL;$pid = pcntl_fork();if ($pid == -1) { child PID die(could not fork); child PID} else if ($pid == 0) { echo "[child] PID: ".posix_getpid().", parent PID: ".posix_getppid().PHP_EOL; parent exit;} else { PID echo "[parent] PID: ".posix_getpid().", parent PID: ".posix_getppid().PHP_EOL; pcntl_wait($status);}

POSIX process control funcMons<?php$pid=pcntl_fork();if ($pid == -1) { die("could not fork");} else if ($pid) { $exists = posix_kill($pid,0)?still:no longer; echo "[parent] Child process $pid $exists exists".PHP_EOL; echo "[parent] Killing child process $pid".PHP_EOL; posix_kill($pid,SIGTERM); echo "[parent] Child process $pid killed".PHP_EOL; pcntl_wait($status); $exists = posix_kill($pid,0)?still:no longer; echo "[parent] Child process $pid $exists exists".PHP_EOL;} else { while(true){ sleep(100); } exit;}

POSIX process control funcMons “KILL 0” checks <?php$pid=pcntl_fork(); existenceif ($pid == -1) { die("could not fork");} else if ($pid) { Send SIGTERM $exists = posix_kill($pid,0)?still:no longer; echo "[parent] Child process $pid $exists exists".PHP_EOL; signal echo "[parent] Killing child process $pid".PHP_EOL; posix_kill($pid,SIGTERM); echo "[parent] Child process $pid killed".PHP_EOL; pcntl_wait($status); $exists = posix_kill($pid,0)?still:no longer; echo "[parent] Child process $pid $exists exists".PHP_EOL;} else { while(true){ Child process sleep(100); } is dead exit;}

Talk dedicated to process control Check this guy out ! in PHP Jeroen Keppens: @jkeppens http://www.slideshare.net/jkeppens/php-‐in-‐the-‐dark

•January 27th & 28th 2012•Best Western Hotel Ter Elst Antwerp (Belgium)•Call For Papers unWl October 15th•Schedule & Wcket announcements beginning of November

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CLI, the other SAPI phpnw11

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