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1. A
MINI PROJECT REPORT
ON
TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL
BY
PARTH.S.CHOLERA
Department of Electronics and Tele-communication
2011-12
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2. CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that, the project TRAFFIC LIGHT
CONTROL
entitled a bonified record of project work submitted by
PARTH.S.CHOLERA, in partial fulfillment for degree in
EXTC of , Mumbai University during the year 2011-2012 under
my guidance and supervision.
DATE:
PLACE: Thane
GUIDE HEAD OF DEPARTMENT
(Prof.Pawar) (Prof. A.M.Deshpande)
External Examiner Principal
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3. (Dr.U.D.Kolekar)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is my great pleasure to acknowledge the assistance and
contribution of the individuals who co-operated us to complete
the project work successfully. First and foremost, I wish to
express my deep gratitude and thanks to Prof.A.M.Deshpande
Head of department of EXTC and our project guide Prof.Pawar,
for their enthusiastic guidance and helping in successful
completion of project work. They provided us their precious
time for valuable suggestions and encouragement throughout the
work. It is foe their patience, guidance and encouragement at all
time that this work has shaped up the way it is.
A project is teamwork and reflects the contribution of many
people. A number people contributed their time and efforts in
making their project work a success. We would like to thank
everyone who contributed their time and efforts to help in
completing the project work.
PARTH.S.CHOLERA
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4. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sr. No. Topic Page no.
1. Introduction 5
2. Circuit Diagram 6
3. Pin Description 7
4. Working of Circuit 8
5. Component List 9
6. Advantage & Disadvantage 10
7. Application 11
8. Further Modification 11
9. Bibliography 12
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5. INTRODUCTION
Traffic signals are used to control the flow of vehicles.In
the recent years, the need of transportation has gain immense
importance for logistics as well as for common human. This has
given rise to the number of vehicles on the road. Due to this
reason, traffic jams and road accidents are a common sight in
any busy city. Traffic Signals provide an easy, cheap, automatic
and justified solution to the road points where the vehicles may
turn to other directions e.g. roundabouts, culverts, busy walk
throughs etc.
BASIC IDEA The project we have chosen is an 8-lane
traffic controller. The basic idea behind the design is to avoid
the collision of vehicles by providing appropriate signals to
different directions for a limited time slot, after which the next
waiting drivers will be given same treatment. In This way a
cycle will be established which will control the traffic.
CONTROL SIGNALS The control signals are 3-lights.
Top light is Red(Stop), Middle light is Yellow(Wait)
Bottom light is Green(Go). STATES OF TRAFFIC FLOW
There are 8-lanes and at most two ways can be safely open. In
this way a minimum of 4-states are possible for which different
vehicles will pass through
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6. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
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7. PIN DESCRIPTION
--------------------------------------------------------------
IC 555 TIMER
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8. WORKING PRINCIPLE
This circuit is self explanatory by its name, and can be
used to control traffic in public places, or to demonstrate traffic
rules in traffic-parks. IC2, which is heart of the circuit, is a
decade counter. In this counter for every pulse fed to pin-14,
potential keeps shifting from D1 to D9 in cyclic order. IC1 is
used as a pulse generator and generates pulses in regular
configurable intervals. These intervals can be changed by
varying VR1. The circuit is designed in such a way that out of
nine pulses, relay RL1 remains triggered for 4 pulses, relay RL2
for 1 pulse and relay RL3 for remaining 4 pulses. Since D1-D4
provide current to T1, T1 is on whenever there is potential on
any diode D1 to D4, which keeps relay RL1 triggered. Similarly
other diodes are responsible for RL2 and RL3 triggering. Red,
Yellow and Green lamps can be connected to the relays RL1,
RL2 and RL3 respectively to complete your mini traffic light
controller.
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9. COMPONENT LIST
555 timer IC
4017 IC
Capacitors (c1) – 100mFD/16V
Resistors
R1- 10K
LEDS (green,yellow,red)
POT (P1) – 100K
DIODES – IN4007
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10. ADVANTAGE
Reduction in normal recurring.
Significantly enhanced operational tools congestion to
effectively manage traffic incidents.
It improved public transport service.
Reduction in emergency response times and safer travel.
Improve traffic guidance and traffic flow
Reduce fuel consumption
Increase safetyThey increase the traffic-handling capacity
of the intersection
Less cost
DISADVANTAGE
Excessive delay may be caused.
These unnecessary delay results in significant fuel waste
and higher motorist costs.
Disobedience of signals
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11. APPLICATIONS
Ramp metering.
Timers.
fire station or medical emergency entrance.
at the entrance and exit of some car washes
at the landing-stage of a ferry and aboard the ferry.
FUTURE SCOPE
We can increase the efficency by using microprecessors
(8086).
We can use this as Remote traffic Controller.
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12. BIBLOGRAPHY
http://www.azdot.gov/highways/traffic/Signal.asp
http://www.kpsec.com
http://www/starmicromics .com/components/mics.html
http://www.mctraffic.org/signal.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/555_timer_IC
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