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Open Sea




Chez Nicole Dullano
Alexandria Rabanes
The world ocean covers over 360 million km2 of
   the earth’s surface and consists of one
   continuous, interconnected mass of water.
This water is spread among three major ocean basins:

          Pacific



                               Atlantic



                                                   Indian
Distinguishing Characteristics:

Salinity

                                 Waves

Tides

                                 Depth

Vastness
Benthic       Pelagic
Habitats on
                These are
the bottom     those found
   of the        on the
ocean, and    bottom, regar
   other       dless of the
  aquatic        depth.
organisms.
Structure
                    The oceans can be divided
                      into several vertical and
•Littoral or                 horizontal zones.
intertidal zone


                     •Neritic zone

•Oceanic zone
The ocean is generally
 divided vertically into        Bathypelagic
  several depth zones              Zone


                  Mesopelagic
                     Zone

Epipelagic Zone
Abyssal         Hadal
  Zone            Zone
                This is
  It is the
layer from     where the
                deepest
 4,000 to
              parts of the
 6,000 m.
                 ocean
               belongs.
Abiotic Factors
•   Temperature
•   Light
•   Pressure
•   Oxygen
•   Salinity
•   Water movement
•   Visibility
Phytoplanktons
Zooplanktons
Nanoplanktons
Nekton
Benthic organisms
Oil spills
Chronic pollution
Human occupancy and recreational use
of the shores
Over fishing
Dumping grounds

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Open sea