This will be useful for highlighting chp. 2 information

2. Chapter 2
Historical Perspectives

3. Early History
• Alcohol back to 5000 BC Iran
• Unknown to world’s indigenous people
• Koran -- condemned wine. Alcohol from Arabic
al-kuhul.
• Arabian doctor discovered evaporated distilled
spirits. Technology exceeded its grasp.
• 1575 -- distilling used–gin. Booze from Dutch
busen.
• Great devastation from England, 1700-1750.
• Infant mortality, crime

4. North America
• More beer than water on Mayflower.
• Slaves forbidden to drink except on special
occasions, taught bingeing.
• Puritan traditions.
• 18th century– Quakers and Methodists
disapproved of hard liquor.
• Male drinking cult 1725-1825 notorious.

5. Temperance movement
• 1825-1919: Against hard liquor.
• Temperance woman for women’s suffrage and
ban on distilled beverages.

6. Early 1900s
• Cocaine in Coke
• 1914 Harrison Act -- restricted opioids
(associated with Chinese people) cocaine
must now be prescribed.
• Marijuana (associated with Mexicans)
State laws in southwest criminalized.
• Teetotaler T =total abstinence, from
Ireland.

7. U.S. Prohibition 1920-1933
• Glamorized crime. Mafia/ Hollywood/
Washington DC link. Homicide rates
increased.
• Great Depression created need for jobs.

8. Chapter Themes of First Half
• Dangers of potent alcohol, role of ethnic
prejudice in shaping drug legislation,
unintended consequences of prohibition.
• Example of happy Italian family enjoying
wine with their meals.
• Modern War on Drugs, 70% of money for
law enforcement.

9. History of Addiction Treatment
• William White, Slaying the Dragon. Mistreatment
of persons with mentally illness and alcoholics in
asylums.
• Getting Better by Nan Robertson tells of Bill W.
and Dr. Bob. Oxford Groups. Big Book. 2 million
members in AA worldwide today.
• Jellinek (The Disease Concept, 1960) – 5 types of
alcoholism based on world travels:
• Alpha, Beta, Gamma , Delta, Epsilon.

10. Treatment History continued
• 1956 AMA declared alcoholism a disease,
1966, a disease.
• Harold Hughes –founded NIAAA.
• Hazelden adapted 12 Step approach.
• Box 2:1—“Treatment in Norway”—universal
health care for support.
• Peele and Fingarette: addiction as bad habits
not disease.

11. History of Harm Reduction
• AIDS in Netherlands spawned new approach,
to reduce the harm.
• Britain, 1960s and later.
• Heroin prescribed. Needle exchanges-U.S.