The stomach and its definition, functions, parts or subdivisions, composition, and its condition and diseases

2. • is an organ between the esophagus and
the small intestine lying crosswise in
the abdominal cavity beneath the
diaphragm
• Is a muscular, elastic, pear-
shaped bag measuring 12 inches
long and 6 inches wide (at its
widest point)
• Has the capacity to store 1qt
or .94 liters in an adult

3. • It stores swallowed food.
• It mixes the food with stomach acids.
• Then it sends the mixture on to the small
intestine.

4. •Cardiac/esophageal
sphincter- the connection
between the stomach and
esophagus which prevents
food from passing back.
•Pyloric sphincter-the
connection between the
stomach and duodenum
with the same role as
cardiac sphincter.
Chyme- food in the area of duodenum
characterized as a semi-solid, soapy mixture.

5.  Cardia is the first portion of the
stomach and is where food content
passes from the esophagus into the
stomach. The acids and enzymes
referred to as the gastric juices are
manufactured in the cardia.
 Fundus stores undigested food and also the gases
released from the chemical digestion of food.
 Corpus is the body of the stomach and the largest of the
four parts that make up the stomach. This is where the
bulk of the partial digestion occurs.
 Pylorus is connected to the duodenum or the beginning
of the small intestine.

6. • Mucosa
-innermost layer and is where the
stomach acid and digestive
juices are made
• Submucosa
-supports mucosa and is
surrounded by
• Muscularis
-a layer of muscle that moves and
mixes the stomach contents
• Serosa
- Covering and the outermost layer
of the stomach

7. •Gastrin
~causes the stomach to produce an acid for
dissolving and digesting food
•Secretin
~causes the pancreas to send out digestive juice
that is rich in bicarbonate
•CCK
~causes the pancreas to grow and to produce the
enzyms of pancreatic juice.

8. • Indigestion
Also called dyspepsia, indigestion is a term used to
describe a feeling of fullness or discomfort during or
after a meal. It can be accompanied by burning or pain
in the upper stomach.
• Gastroesophageal reflux
Stomach contents, including acid, can travel backward
up the esophagus. There may be no symptoms, or
reflux may cause heartburn or coughing.
• GERD
When symptoms of reflux become bothersome or
occur frequently, they’re called GERD.

9. • Gastric ulcer
An erosion in the lining of the stomach, often causing
pain and/or bleeding. Gastric ulcers are most often
caused by NSAIDs or H. pylori infection.
• Peptic ulcer disease
Peptic ulcers are holes or breaks in the protective lining
of the duodenum or the stomach - areas that come
into contact with stomach acids and enzymes.
• Zollinger- Ellison syndrome
One or more tumors that secrete hormones that lead
to increased acid production. Severe GERD and peptic
ulcer disease result from this rare disorder