1. 07/09/13
C8 Acids, bases and saltsC8 Acids, bases and salts
Syllabus statementsSyllabus statements

2. 8.1 The characteristic8.1 The characteristic
properties of acids & basesproperties of acids & bases
1 Describe neutrality and relative acidity and
alkalinity in terms of pH (whole numbers only)
measured using full-range indicator and litmus.
2 Describe the characteristic reactions between
acids and metals, bases (including alkalis) and
carbonates.
3 Describe & explain the importance of controlling
acidity in the environment (air, water and soil).

3. 8.2 Types of oxides8.2 Types of oxides
1 Classify oxides as either acidic or basic, related
to metallic and non-metallic character of the
other element.
2 Further classify some other oxides as neutral,
given relevant information.

4. 8.3 Preparation of salts8.3 Preparation of salts
1 Describe the preparation, separation and
purification of salts using techniques selected
from section C2.1 and the reactions specified in
section C8.1.
2 Suggest a method of making a given salt from
suitable starting materials, given appropriate
information.

5. 8.4 Identification of ions8.4 Identification of ions
and gasesand gases
1 Use the following tests to identify:
Aqueous cations:
ammonium, copper(II), iron(II), iron(III) and zinc
by means of aqueous sodium hydroxide and
aqueous ammonia as appropriate.
(Formulae of complex ions are not required.)

6. 8.4 Identification of ions8.4 Identification of ions
and gasesand gases
1 Use the following tests to identify:
Anions:
•carbonate by means of dilute acid and then
limewater,
•chloride by means of aqueous silver nitrate under
acidic conditions,
•nitrate by reduction with aluminium,
•sulfate by means of aqueous barium ions under
acidic conditions,

7. 8.4 Identification of ions8.4 Identification of ions
and gasesand gases
1 Use the following tests to identify:
Gases:
•ammonia by means of damp red litmus paper;
•carbon dioxide by means of limewater;
•chlorine by means of damp litmus paper;
•hydrogen by means of a lighted splint;
•oxygen by means of a glowing splint.