Wireless Access Systems Shared Blog

Wireless Access strategies for Operators 1 Driving factors for Wireless Access Networks 2 Operators strategies for Wireless Access Networks BP Tiwari

Driving factors for Wireless Access Networks 2

The last decade of mobile industry Are you ready for the data opportunity?

1 Adoption follows Availability 4932% data growth after WCDMA moved to HSPA.

2 Continued trends in new 4G Networks CLEARWIRE – 7 Gig Average YOTA – 10 Gig average The average data consumption has surpassed 10 Gigabytes in new 4G wimax networks , beating predictions

3 Data surpassing all projections CISCO Predicted in 2009 Measured Data in 2009 Average User Consumption 30.0 3 20.0 2 15 10.0 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.2 10 11.4 3.1 4.7 6.8 10.0 15 23 5 10 7 0.0 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Cisco VNI Yota Clearwire 3Q 1009 •Global Average in 2009 : 3.1 GB/Mo • Measured with Collaboration of top 20 operators : 11.4 Gigs •Global Average in 2010 : 4.7 GB/Mo • Adoption follows availability : 10 Gigs •Global Average in 2015 : 23 GB/Mo average in new WiMAX RAN in Russia For all practical purpose data is surpassing all predictions carried earlier and we can expect it to double every year by next decade.

4 Preparing for humongous data growth Projected data Growth in internet Projected Growth in handset market centric devices(Laptops) 30 200 180 25 160 140 20 GB/Mo 120 GB/Mo 15 100 80 10 60 40 5 20 0 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Axis Title Axis Title IMT published , average Data from mobile Handsets mobile internet connection ( 4G smart phones) will (internet centric devices generate 25 Gigabytes of , like laptops) will generate traffic by 2020 as per IMT. 171.7 Gigabytes of traffic by 2020.*

5 Applications driving usage Average Iphone user in US .4 to .5 GB/Mo Watch a DVD quality Movies 1 to 2 GB Listen internet Radio 30 min/day .5 to 1 Gig/Mo Download Music .5 to 1 Gig/Mo Watch 30 Min You Tube 5-6 to GB/Mo Upload Video to Face book 1 GB Sync 10X photos with Flickr 2-3 GB Video, social networking, and collaboration is generating most of the monthly user traffic

6 Social drives media explosion FaceBook - 20bn photos online, 2bn added per month - 1bn links to video added per week - 1.2m photos viewed per second - 217m videos per month Individuals like sharing their media online Flickr - 4bn shared photos - 0.5bn new per month Facebook has an estimated 25 billion pictures, or about ~80 pictures per member MySpace - 90GB of music, pictures, - video per second 31 24 YouTube 16 -1bn Videos viewed per day -PhotoBucket Share photos on Share Photos Share Video - 6.2bn photos shared social networks on other sites

7 4 Video driving internet data consumption Video 66% of the total traffic by 2014 4,000,000 3,500,000 Web/Data 3,000,000 VoIP 2,500,000 Gaming 2,000,000 P2P 1,500,000 Video 1,000,000 500,000 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 P2P traffic is still growing in absolute terms but ,Video is growing at a CAGR of 131 percent.

8 Old friends : Busy hour and Top 10 % consumers Top 10 % consumes 60% of the internet bandwidth and busy hour traffic is 1.6 times

9 Devices driving consumption A Smart phone generates as much as traffic of 30 basic phones One laptop generates as much as traffic of 450 basic phone Almost 80% of the traffic by 2013 will be generated by devices which are 3G and above. Half of the traffic will be from laptops/Netbooks.

Section 1 Summary • Mobile data will roughly double every year by 2020. • Operators will have to plan their access strategies consistent with the growth projections. • I would say , “Opportunity filled with challenge”

Operators strategies for Wireless Access Networks 14

Wireless strategies for managing data consumption Early 4G RAN WiMAX LTE 40% Mobile Wi-FI Femto 20% Offload Congestion Smart Optimization 10% Mgmt. planning Policy Fair usage Charging 10% Management Tiered QoS Service 20% Pricing

Wireless Access technologies Source : WiMAX Forum

WiMAX standardization History Release 1.0 Release 1.5

Understanding WiMAX Releases WiMAX 1 WiMAX 1.5 WiMAX 2 Release 1.0 PHY Features Release 1.5 PHY Features Release 2 PHY Features ● Scalable-OFDMA ● TDD, FDD, HD-FDD ● Channel BW ● TDD ● 700 MHz/2 GHz, ● 5 to 20 MHz, 40 MHz (optional) ● 2.3/2.5/3.4/3.8 GHz ● Chan BW: 3.5 to 20 MHz (optional) ● Up 100 MHz with channel ● Chan BW: 5 to10 MHz ● DL Chan Data Rate aggregation ● Peak 144 Mbps ● DL Chan Data Rate DL Chan Data Rate ● Avg SE: 1.6 bps/Hz ● Peak: 160 Mbps for 20 MHz BW, 2x2 ● Peak: 46 Mbps (2x2) MIMO MIMO, Up to 1000 Mbps with ● UL Chan Data Rate ● Avg SE: 1.3 bps/Hz channel aggregation ● Peak: 138 Mbps UL Chan Data Rate ● Avg SE: >2.6 bps/Hz (2x2) MIMO ● Avg SE: 1.0 bps/Hz ● Peak: 14 Mbps (1x2) SIMO ● UL Chan Data Rate ● VoIP: >35 sessions/MHz ● Avg SE: 0.7 bps/Hz ● Avg SE: >1.3 bps/Hz ● AAS VoIP Efficiency (DL/UL=1) ● AAS ● DL Closed & Open Loop MIMO ● 25 simultaneous sessions/MHz with AMC ● DL: (4x4), (8x8) AAS ● UL Open Loop STC/SM MIMO with ● UL: (1x4), (2x4), (4x4) ● DL: (1x2),(2x2),(4x2) AMC & PUSC ● Flexible Frequency Re-use ● UL: (1x2) ● Increased VoIP capacity Source: WiMAX Forum 18

WiMAX Release : Network Features Mobile WiMAX Release 1 WiMAX 1/1.5 WiMAX 2 Evolution of MAC/Network Features in WiMAX Network R1.0 Features Network R1.5 Features Network R1.6 Features (to be Network Release 2 (Completed) completed by 1Q2 010) Features (Completed) ● IPv6 ● ASN anchored mobility, ● Persistent scheduling for ● Femtocell (to be completed by 3ASN profiles reduced MAC OH 1Q2011) ● CSN anchored mobility ● Seamless handover ● ETS ● Reduced Latency ● (CMIP, PMIP) ● Load Balancing ● Multi-hop relays ● IPv4 & optional IPv6 ● Services ● Self-organizing capability Connectivity ● GPS & non-GPS (SON) ● Idle mode and paging Location ● Services ● EAP-based authentication based services ● Enhanced VoIP support ● DSL, 3GPP and 3GPP2 ● Enhanced Multicast & ● Enhanced MBS (both static Interworking Broadcast services and dynamic multicasting) ● Services ● WiMAX-WiFi-Bluetooth ● Enhancements to LBS ● Mobile, portable, nomadic, coexistence fixed ● Ethernet services ● Mobility: up to 500 km/hr ● Pre-provisioned/static QoS ● Public Safety & ● Pre- and Post-paid RADIUS emergency services Accounting O & M Features ● Roaming (RADIUS only) ● OTA pre-provisioning & device ● O&M Features management ● Network discovery/selection 19

Parameter Release-1 Release 1.5 Release 2 IMT Advanced Peak spectral efficiency 6.2(2X2) 6.5(2X2) DL: 8.0/15.0 DL: 15.0 (b /s/ Hz/ sector) 1.3(1X2) 1.3(1X2, Without (2x2/4x4) UL: 6.75 (Mixed Mobility) 64 QAM) UL: 2.8/6.75 (1x2/2x4) Average spectral 1.3 (2x2) 2 times 1.6 (2x2) DL (4x2) = 2.41 DL (4x2) = 2.2 efficiency 0.7(1X2) 0.9(1X2) UL (2x4) = 2.0 UL (2x4) = 1.4 (b /s/ Hz/ sector) Cell Edge Spectral DL (2x2) = 0.09 DL (2x2) = 0.09 DL (2x2) = 0.09 DL (4x2) = 0.06 (b /s/ Hz/ sector) UL (1x2) = 0.05 UL (1x2) = 0.05 UL (1x2) = 0.05 UL (2x4) = 0.03 Latency C-plane: 100 ms C-plane: 100 ms C-plane: 100 ms C-plane: 100 ms (idle (idle to active) (idle to active) (idle to active) to active) U-plane: 40-60 U-plane: 40-60 ms U-plane: 10 ms U-plane: 10 ms ms Mobility Support up to 120 Support up to 350 Support up to 350 0.55 at 120 km/h Kmph Kmph Kmph 0.25 at 350 km/h Handover Interruption time < 60 ms <60ms Intra frequency: 27.5 Intra frequency: 27.5 Inter frequency: 40 (in a Inter frequency: 40 band) (in a band) 60 (between bands) 60 (between band) Voip Capacity 12,5 (MHz) TDD 31.6 FDD 60 (DL 2x2 and UL 1x2) 40 (4x2 and 2x4) (Base coverage urban)

WiMAX vs. 3G HSPA ( Rel6) HSPA+(Rel7,QAM64) WIMAX (Rel 1.0) Sector Throughput Sector Throughput Sector Throughput DL 3.2 DL 3.52 DL 6.9 ( 1X3X1) 20 % 23% 12 % 8% 23% 4% WCDMA CELL BREATHING > 1.2 Mbps > 7 Mbps > 20 Mbps 20+ Mbps Source : NGMN simulaitons presented by Motorola, Paul Sten at LTE ASIA 09 WIMAX Rel 1.0 number is presented by simulation done by SAMSUNG

Peak vs Average throughput Parameter HSPA HSPA + WiMAX Rel (Rel6) (Rel 7, 1.0 ( 10 Mhz ,MIMO & TDD) 64QAM) Peak DL/Sector 14.4 Mbps 28 Mbps 37 Mbps Peak UL/Sector 5.76 Mbps 11.5 11 Mbps Average DL Sector 3.2 Mbps 3.5 Mbps 6.9 Mbps Average UL 1.5 Mbps 1.5 Mbps 1.8 Mbps Sector 10 Subs/Full Buffer 320 kbps 350 kbps 690 kbps Total BTS ( DL + UL ) 14.1 Mbps 15 Mbps 26.1 Mbps

WiMAX Devices Roadmap WiMAX Chipset Providers MID’s •Beceem • Intel •SeQuans • Samsung Consumer Devices •GCT • Marvell •Runcom • Mediatek •Wavesat • Fujitsu •Redpine • XRONet GSM+WIMAX •AppaceWave • POSData •Altair • AmpTech Single/Dual, Laptop Single band •Amicus Wireless • WiSpry Netbook’s, triband •Mbit • Silicon Hive •picoChip RF-Only •RF Magic • Maxim •SierraMonolithics • NXP •Parmity • STMicro •Comsys • Infineon •Motorola • NEC WiMAX+WiFi • PMC-Sierra WiMAX Only WiMAX+WiFi+Voip • TI 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

WiMAX Deployment update 2.3 GHz Deployments*** 29 2.5 GHz Deployments*** 68 3.3 GHz Deployments*** 9 3.5 GHz Deployments*** 24 5 5+ GHz Deployments*** 20 Clearwire 29 markets , 200 K subs Yota , 400 K subs KT , 200+ K subs UQ , Nationwide rollout (100K) Clearwire 29 markets , 200 K subs

LTE for Mobile Broadband 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 GSM/GPRS/EDGE enhancements Release 99 W-CDMA Release 4 1.28Mcps TDD Release 5 HSDPA, IMS Release 6 HSUPA, MBMS, IMS+ Release 7 HSPA+ (MIMO, 64 QAM etc.) ITU-R M.1457 IMT-2000 Recommendations Release 8 LTE, SAE Small LTE/SAE Release 9 enhancements Release 10 LTE-Advanced

LTE Global Spectrum Linked auctions Spectrum Awarded today 2009 2010 2011 2012+ New Zealand Portugal Austria Czech Republic Estonia Norway UK France Italy NL 2.6 GHz Sweden Latvia HK Germany Spain Spain Denmark Canada 2.3 GHz China (TDD) India 2.1 GHz EMEA, Japan AWS NAR Refarming 1900 MHz NAR Refarming Finland HK 1800 MHz APAC & EMEA 1500 MHz Japan Refarming 900 MHz EMEA Refarming 850 MHz NAR France Lithuania Sweden Finland Spain Czech Republic Portugal Ireland Germany NL Denmark Estonia Slovenia Slovakia Ukraine 800 MHz Belgium (Flemish) Norway Austria Hungary Poland Russia 700 MHz US 700 MHz D US To be confirmed block First deployment are in 700MHz for the US, 2.1/1.5 GHz 26 forJapan then 2.6 GHz in Europe and 2.3 GHz TDD in China

LTE Deployment options – 3GPP operators (FDD and TDD) 1900-1920MHz/ 2010-2025MHz 900MHz 1800MHz 2100MHz 10 MHz 15MHz 15 MHz GSM GSM TDD W-CDMA unused Refarming plus new spectrum 2570- 800MHz (EDD band) 2620MHz Up to 20 MHz 2500-2690MHz 900MHz 1800MHz 2100MHz Up to 20 MHz 10 MHz 15MHz 15 MHz FDD GSM GSM W-CDMA FDD TDD Coverage •Capacity •Traffic hot spots 20 MHz of 800 for coverage and 2.5 for capacity ( TDD and FDD) 1900-1920MHz/ Or 800MHz (EDD band) Up to 20 MHz 2010-2025MHz 2500-2690MHz 900MHz 1800MHz 2100MHz Up to 20 MHz 10 MHz 15MHz 15 MHz FDD GSM GSM TDD W-CDMA FDD Traffic hot spot •Coverage •Capacity 20 MHz of 800 for coverage and 2.5 for capacity ( only FDD) 27

Operator Frequency Types Verizon Wireless 700 MHz FDD ( 10+10) AT&T Mobility 700 MHz FDD ( 10+10) NTT DoCoMO 2.1/1.5 GHz FDD ( 10+10) KDDI 1.5 GHz and 800 MHz FDD Softbank 1.5 GHz FDD E-Mobile • US 700 2.1/1.7 GHz FDD • 1800 1st Teliasonera (Norway + Swedan) • 2.6 GHz China Mobile 2.1/1.5 • 2nd 2.5 GHz • 900 2300-2400GHz • 2.3 3rd FDD TDD 20 Mhz 800 MHz GHz Vodafone Germany 790-862 MHz FDD Telestra Austrilia 2.6GHz and 700 Mhz FDD Telenor Swedon and Tele2 2.6 GHz FDD Orange France 2.6 GHz FDD Century Tel 700 Mhz FDD Hongkong-CLS,Hutch JV 2.6 GHz FDD Vodacom – SA 2.6 GHz FDD First deployment are in 700MHz for the US, 2.1/1.5 GHz for Japan then 2.6 GHz in Europe and 2.3 GHz TDD in China

59 Operators commitment: Reported by GSMA Norway TeliaSonera Launched Austria Mobilkom Austria 2011-12 Sweden TeliaSonera Launched Austria Hutchison 3 2011-12 Armenia Vivacell-MTS 2010 Austria Orange 2011-12 Canada Telus 2010 France Orange 2011-12 Canada Bell Canada 2010 New Zealand Telecom NZ 2011-12 China China Telecom 2010 Japan KDDI 2012 China China Mobile 2010 Taiwan Chunghwa Telecom 2012 Finland TeliaSonera 2010 Uzbekistan MTS 2012 Japan NTT DoCoMo 2010 Australia Telstra TBC Japan Emobile 2010 Bahrain Zain TBC South Korea SK Telecom 2010 Brazil Vivo TBC South Korea KT 2010 Finland Elisa TBC Sweden TeleNor Sweden 2010 Finland DNA TBC Sweden Tele2 Sweden 2010 France SFR TBC USA CenturyTel 2010 Hong Kong SmarTone-Vodafone TBC USA MetroPCS 2010 Hong Kong PCCW TBC USA Verizon Wireless 2010 Hong Kong CSL Limited TBC UAE Etisalat 2010 Hong Kong Hutchison 3 TBC Canada Rogers Wireless 2010-11 Hong Kong China Mobile TBC Germany Vodafone 2010-11 Italy Telecom Italia TBC USA Cox Comms 2010-11 Netherlands KPN TBC South Africa Vodacom 2010-11 Norway TeleNor TBC Germany T-Mobile 2011 Philippines Piltel TBC Ireland Hutchison 3 2011 Portugal TMN TBC Japan Softbank Mobile 2011 Saudi Arabia Zain TBC Saudi Arabia STC TBC South Korea LG Telecom 2011 Singapore M1 TBC USA AT&T Mobility 2011 Singapore Starhub TBC USA Aircell 2011 South Africa Cell C TBC Austria T-Mobile 2011-12 USA T-Mobile USA TBC Data is captured from GSMA associations latest report , might be aggressive in timelines

LTE UE Categories All UE Category will support 20 MHz , 64QAM and 2 receive antenna in downlink. Category 2-3 is expected in phase 1 of LTE deployments All devices will have 1 transmit antenna only.

IMT Advanced Requirement ( 1/3) • 16m is evolution of 16e • LTE-Advanced is an evolution of LTE • 16m/LTE-Advanced will meet or exceed IMT- Advanced requirements within the ITU-R time plan LTE-Advanced And 16m Performance IMT-Advanced requirements System and time plan Rel. 8 LTE/WiMAx Time

IMT Advanced Requirement (2/3) • Peak data rate – 1 Gbps data rate will be achieved by 4-by-4 MIMO and transmission bandwidth wider than approximately 70 MHz • Peak spectrum efficiency – DL: Rel. 8 satisfies IMT-Advanced requirement – UL: Need to double from Release 8 to satisfy IMT-Advanced requirement Rel. 8 LTE LTE- IMT-Advanced Advanced/16m DL 300 Mbps 1 Gbps Peak data rate 1 Gbps(*) UL 75 Mbps 500 Mbps Peak spectrum efficiency DL 15 30 15 [bps/Hz] UL 3.75 15 6.75 *“100 Mbps for high mobility and 1 Gbps for low mobility” is one of the key features as written in Circular Letter (CL)

IMT Requirement ( 3/3) 3 2.5 2 1.5 2.57 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.2 1 1.9 1.4 1.4 0.5 0 DL MU MIMO 4X2 UL MU MIMO 1X4 UL MU MIMO 2X4 LTE A ( Rel 10) 16m IMT A Both 16m and LTE A will meet the requirement of IMT-A systems

WiMAX vs LTE towards IMT A DL Spectral Efficieny UL Efficiency 2.4 2.4 2.5 1.9 2 2 1.4 1.5 1.5 1 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.3 0 HSPA Rel 6 HSPA Rel 7 WIMAX LTE Rel 8 LTE A 16M 16e WiMAX and LTE is similar in performance with evolution meeting IMT-A requirements.

Offload Cell Traffic gradually Over 60% of mobile data traffic generating from indoors Excellent opportunity to off-load data to Femto/WiFi Carriers can benefit from 100% embedded Wi-Fi chips Carrier can benefit from SON capabilities Reduce cost per MB by offloading to home Femto/Wi-Fi

Femto or WiFi ? Wi-FI Femto SUB US$50 AP SUB US$ 300 Free Spectrum Licensed 100 % devices enabled Limited scale Handovers challenge Smooth handovers Simple and Flat Requires integration Architecture Wi-FI for data has more compelling business case

Smart Network planning : Data vs Voice Know your customers and prioritize your areas Dense Population Medium Population Capacity based planning in dense and urban population Coverage based planning for remaining geography

Data Networks are always capacity limited Dense urban and urban population with higher freq. 700 Mhz for coverage Urban 2.3/2.5 for Capacity 2.6 GHz 800 MHz Hot spots Umbrella cells DU Smaller cells at 2.6GHz so best suited for hot spots 800MHz has a better indoor coverage but more subject to interferences in Urban environment 800MHz could eventually be used as umbrella cells

Amount of Spectrum : Grab everything ! E-UTRA BAND 7 E-UTRA BAND 38 E-UTRA BAND 7 FDD UL TDD FDD DL WMF T3 (2496 MHz-2690 MHz ) 2500 MHz 2570 MHz 2620 MHz E-UTRA BAND 20 E-UTRA BAND 20 FDD UL FDD DL E-UTRA BAND 41 TDD WMF (3400 MHz-3600 MHz ) 3400 MHz 3500 MHz3510 MHz 3600 MHz •DoCoMo developed 8 band •2.3 , 2.5 and 3.5 GHz Power amplifiers supporting defined by WiMAX and eight frequency bands 3GPP. between 700 MHz to 3.5 •LTA –A and 16m to support GHz . carrier aggregation upto 100 •Expect support upto 100 MHz MHz in devices •Multiband to become mainstream

Flat Internet : All users do not provide the same margins AT&T YOTA – 10 Gig average Top 10% users consume 60% of the internet bandwidth 10 % of the cell sites generates 50% of the traffic

Congestion management The PCRF is the QoS brain of the network Fair usage policies and service differentiation Tiered charging is must for maximizing revenues Introduce congestion management tools

Backhauls for mobile data Networks Average DL Average UL 250 200 192 162 150 144 150 126 126 100 50 42 45 21 24 0 16e ( 2x2) LTE ( 2x2) 16m ( 4x2) ( LTE A (4X2) LTE A 8X2 ( (10+10 Mhz) (10+10 Mhz) 20+20 Mhz) (20+20 MHz) 20+20 MHz)

Fiber or Microwave ? Microwave as short term strategy Fiber optics as long term strategy E- Bands could be an option Hybrid models with 2-3 hops in microwave and Fiber Fiber co build to make viable business

Technology Market Demand How do we serve our customer faster, simpler, cheaper and better ? Operators strategies Suppliers

Thank you for your Attention, reach me at ; email : admin@beyond4g.org Blog : www.beyond4g.org

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Wireless Access Systems Shared Blog

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