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4. PREF A C E
PRAISE to "Allah 6Wn "who ordained
be
As Salaat (Prayer) an act of worship
as
on His servants, and may the utmost
peaceand blessings of Allah(SWT) be
u p o n H i s p r o p h et h o ta u g h tth e U mmah
w
(Muslim nation) how best to performthe
prayer.
I do not intendtowrite a longpreface, I but
merelywish to makea briefexplanation of
my re a s o n so r un d e rta ki n th i s w o rk.l t is
f g
natural that by virtue of its importance,
many bookshave in the pastbeenwritten
on the Sa/aatby different muslims in
different parts of the world - may Allah
6WD reward them all for their efforts.
A n d ,w h i l e a l a r gen u mb e ro f th e w o rksso
f a r ca r r i e d o u t o n S a l a a h a ve g e n e rally
t
been well appreciated, is however no
it
s ec r e t a l s o t h a t ma n y b o o ks o n this
subject suffer serious shortcomings
5. which notably may be summarised as
follows:
(1 ) Apparent lack of subject
comprehensiveness mostbooks. in While,
certainly, no single writer can
comprehend subject aswide as Salaat,
a
but it is true that many books on this
subjectonly make scantytouch on it.
(2) The unfortunateexistencein many of
the books of various matters such as
recitations,supplicationsand even acts
purported to be part of the prayer but
which cannotbe correctlytraced having to
been recited and/.or performed by the
Pro p h e t ( P B U H )o r e ve n b y h i s ri g htly
g u i d e dC a l i p h s(su cce sso rs).
(3 )T h ea b s e n ce f a rra n g e me na n do r der
o t
in most bookswith regardto the various
matters relatingto the prayer.
(4) The virtual absencein most booksof
2
6. TRANSLITERATION o the various
t
supplicationswhich a person needs to
recite in the course of the Prayer.
Needlessto say, but, the importanceof
transliteration the non-Arabic
to speaking
Mus lim sc a n n o tbe o ve r-e mp h a si se d .
It is in view of the foregoing that the
though t o f c o m p i l i n ga mo re a p p ro p ri a te
treatiseon I lat arose to me and it is by
the graceoI Allah 6Wf ) that it is now in
o u r ha n d sa l t h o u g hI a m q u i te co n sci o us
o f h o w u n e q u a lI a m to a su b j e ctsu ch a s
this on e t o w h i c h a ma n o f mu ch g re a ter
capab i l i t i e sh a n myse l f w a s re q u i re d .I
t
a m, h o w e v e r , u s ta i n e d yth e co n vi cti on
s b
that the readers will overlook mY
shortcomings and treat them with
indulgence.
In compiling this treatise, lhave
endea v o u r e t o t ou ch o ve r a l mo sta l l th e
d
7. importantaspectsof the prayerand there
is perhapsno other book which provides
such an elaborateaccountof the subject
a l t h o u g h ,a s me n ti o n e de a rl i e r,S alaat is
ju s t s u c h a w i d e su b j e ctth a t e ve n this
t re a t i s e i s s ti l l i n w a n t o f mu ch other
in f o r m a t i o n n th e sa meb u t w h i ch ,Insha
o
- A l l a h , s h a l lb e ta ke ni n to a cco u n ti n the
next reproduction.
How far I have succeeded this work is in
not for me to say but it is my sincerehope
that it will, lrshaAllah,go a long way in
f u l fi l l i n gt h e g a p sa n dsh o rtco mi n gfound
s
in other books written so lar on the
subject. The book,howevercannotand, is
not meant to be a substituteto the other
works on the .g/aaf but rather
c o m p l e m e n ti ve . a n w h i l e , n i s to er r
Me ma
and this work may not necessarily free be
f rom errors whether tech n icaI,
t y p o g r a p h i c a lr o th e rw i seH e n ce I m ake
o . ,
8. a k in d a p p e a l t o a l l th o se w h o ma Y
discoversomethingincorrectin this work
to communicate the same to the
p u b lis h e r s o r d u e co rre cti o n n th e n e xt
f i
r e -p rin t .
C ompi l i n g s u c h a w o rk, d i d n o t o n l Y
require my referenceto a wide range of
b o o k s i n c l u d i n gt he H o l y Ou r'a n , H a d i th
b o o k sa n d F i q h( j uri sp ru d e n ce )o o ksb u t
b
als o t o s e e k t h e h e l p o f o th e r l e a rn e d
mu s lim b r e t h r e nan d i n th i s re g a rd ,my
a p p re c i a t i o n o e s to S h e i kh H a mo u dM.
g
A l la h i m a n d b r o t he r b d a l l aK a rsh e o th
A b
o f Riya d h- m a y t h e A l mi g h tyA l l a h l e ss b
t h e mf o r t h e i rc o n t i n u o uc o u n s e l l i na n d
s g
a d v ic e . Si m i l a r l y,th i s w o rk w o u l d n o t
hav eb e e nc o m p l e te a di t n o t b e e nfo r th e
h
t ire less e f f o r t s o f b ro th e r Mu h a mme d
AmeenCaveof the Co-operative ice for off
Ca ll an d G u i d a n ce , i ya d hw h o n o t o n l y
R
did the system data entering but even
h e lpe ds o m u c h i n th e f i n a l p ro o f-re a d i ng
9. - may Allah reward him for h i s s h a r eof
contributionin this work.
N AT H I F . AD A M
J
R I Y A D H2 1 s t M a y , 1 9 9 1
,
In this Book the words (SWT) inserted
after the name of Allah stand for
,,SUBHANAHU
WA TA'ALA" WhiCh
me a n s "T h e Gl o ri fi e d ,th e Mo st H igh";
while, the words (PBUH) inserted afterthe
name of the Prophet standfor " pEACEBE
U P O NH I M " .
6
10. AS-SALAAT (PRAYER)
INTRODUCTION
Salaat (PraYer) is one of the main
obfigations which "Attah 6Wn" has
ordainedon His servants. is the first act
lt
of worship decreedon the Muslim Nation
(Ummah) bY "Allah 6Wn " and was
ordained on the night of the Prophet's
(PB U H l a s c e n s i o n th e se ve nh e a ve n s.
to lt
is t h e s e c o n do f th e fi ve p i l l a rso f l sl am
after the proclamationof the "Shahada"
(the words of witness)'
I t is e n j o i n e d on th e Mu sl i ms a s an
obfigatoryact by" Allah 6wff'as can be
noted from the following verses of the
H o l yO u r ' a n :
,'ESTABLISHREGULAR PRAYERSAT
THE SUru'S DECLINE TILL THE
DARKNESS OF THE NIGHT, AND THE
'(Our'a
MORNTNG PRAYER"""' n 17:781
I
11. In another verse "Allah 6Wn" says:
..AND
ESTABLISH REGULAR PRAYERS
AT THE TWO ENDS OF THE DAY AND AT
THE APPROACHES OF THE NIGHT.''
( O u r ' a n1 1 : 1 1 4 ! .
T h e i m p o r t a n ceo f th e S a l a a t h a s also
been explicitly expressed by Allah's
Me s s e n g e r PB U H ), s ca n b e n o te dfr om
( a
t h e f o l l o w i n gsa yi n g s:
"What lies between a perfect man and
disbelief is the leaving of prayer". (Related
b y l m a m sA h m e d a n d M u s l i m )
Th e P r o p h e t P B U H ) l so sa i d :
( a
"The obligation which separates us from
them (the non-believers)is the prayer and
he w h o r e n o u n ce s i t b e co me s a
"
disbeliever. (Relatedby lmams Ahmed
and Muslim)
12. The abovequotedOur'aniccommandsby
"Altah ,Swff'and the honouredsayings
o f t he Pr o p h e ( PB U Hcl e a rl yi n d i ca te e
t ) th
imp o r t a n c e o f Sa l a a t su ch th a t i t i s
unanimously agreed bY all Muslim
s c hol a r s h a t r e n o u n ci n gt i s re g a rd e d n
t i a
a c t of d i s b e l i e ( Ku fr).
f
T HEV I R T U ES F P R A Y E R
O
Sala a t P r a y e r p erfo rme d e n u i n e l y i th
( ) g w
h u mil i t ya n d s u b mi ssi o n " A l l a h(S Wf) "
to
h a s u n l i m i t e d i r tu e s n db e n e i ts.l t i s th e
v a f
n o b le s t x p r e s s io n f fa i th a n d th e su re st
e o
way of thanking "Allah 6wfyfor His
unlim i t e d f a v o urs. l t i s th e w a y to
obtaining Allah's mercy, generosity,
k in d n e s s ,b l e s s in g sa n d a su re w a y to
paradise."Allah (SWf)" says in the Holy
Our'an:
''PROSPEROUS INDEED ARE THE
BELIEVERSWHO ARE HUMBLE IN THEIR
PRAYERS". (Our'an 23:1 -2l,
3
13. It is a deliverance on the Day of
Judgementfor thosewho usedto observe
it well. The Prophet(PBUH)
says:
"The first thing that the servant of "Allah
(SWT)"will be calledto accounlfor on the
Day of Judgementwill be the prayer;and
if it was goodthe person'sdeedswill have
been good,but if it was bad,the person's
deeds will have been bad". (Reported by
lmambhukari)
Prayer purifiqp the soul, refines the
c h a r a c t e r a n d i n cu l ca te s i n ma n the
excellentvirtues of truthfulness,honesty
and modesty. keepsone who performsit
lt
from falsehood and from all forbidden
actions as is categorically confirmed by
the following verse of the Holy Our,an:
"...VERILY, PRAYER REFRAINSFROM
INDECENCY AND EVIL..."(Our'an 29:45)
4
14. W UDH U( AB L U T ION )
Prio r to e n t e r i n g S a l a a t,th e p e rso n i s
r e q u i r e d t o u n d e r t ak e a c e r t a i n
purification procedure known as"Wudhu"
wit h o u t w h i c h ,t h e p e rso n 's ra ye r o u l d
p w
not be acceptablein the sight of "Allah
(S WT ) . "A l l a h , t h e A l mi g h tY sa Y s:
,
,'O YE WHO BELIEVE. WHEN YE
PREPARE FOR PRAYER, WASH YOUR
FACES AND YOUR ARMS TO THE
ELBOWS; RUB YOUR HEADS (WITH
WATER); AND (WASH) YOUR FEET TO
T H EA N K L E S . . . " u r ' a n5 : 6 )
(O
A n d t h e P r o p h e t(P B U H ), i d :
sa
Prayer without ablution /s invalid".
(Reportedby lmam Muslim)
15. C O N D I T I O N S OR T H E P E R F OR M ANCE
F
oF w U D H U ( A B L U T |ON )
Th e r e a r e v a ri o u sco n d i ti o n s q u i redto
re
be f u l f i l l e di n th e p e rfo rma n ce f Wudhu
o
wh i c h a r e a s fo l l o w s:
1. Ac c e p t a n ce f th e l sl a mi cF a i th .
o
2. Sa n i t ya n d co n sci o u sn e ss.
3 . I n t e n t i o n( A n n i ya h ) p e rfo rmWudhu
to
as a n a c t o f wo rsh i p .
4. Purifying oneself from urine,
exc r e m e n a n d a l l o th e rki n do f i mp u rities
t
be f o r ep e r f o r mi n g d h u .
Wu
5 . E n s u r i n gt h e p u ri ty o f th e w a te r to be
u s e df o r t h e Wu d h u
6. E n s u r i n gt ha t w a te r i s n o t p re vented
f ro m r e a c h i n g e p a rtso f th e b o d yw hich
th
need to be washed in the performance of
6
16. the wudhu.
7 . Be i n g c o n s c i o u s a n d ke e P i n g th e
Wudhuin mind.
ES SE N T I AA C T SOF WU D H U
L
1. Wa s h i n gt h e e n ti refa ce o n ce .
2 . W a s h i n ge a c ha r m o n c e .
3 . W i p i n gt h e e n t i r eh e a do n c e .
4. Wa s h i n gt h e f ee t u p to th e a n kl e s'
5 . En s u r i n gt h a t th e a b o ve 4 a cts a re
perf or m e d n t h e g i ve n se q u e n ce .
i
6. Performing the Wudhu acts
cont in u o u s l ya n d w i th o u t u n n e ce ssar y
l e t - u p su n t i l c o m P l e t i o n .
17. VOLUNTARY
ACTS OF WUDHU
Besides the above essential acts of
Wudhu, there are alsosomevoluntarybut
recommended acts in the Wudhu
procedure.These are as follows:
a. InvokingAllah (SWT)at the start of the
Wudhu.
b. Washingof both handsuptothe wrists.
c . R i n s i n gt h e mo u n thw i th w a te r.
d. Sniffing of water in and out of the
nostrils.
e. Passingof water outsideand insideof
t h e e a r l o b e s.
H O W T H EW U D H UI S P E R F O R M E D
The essential and voluntary acts
discussedaboveshall now be integrated
to demonstratehow the prophet(PBUH)
8
18. used to performWudhu:
1 . Ma k i n gt h e i n t e n ti o n p e rfo rmWu d h u
to
as an act of sincerehomageand worship
for the pleasure of Allah 6Wn' The
intentionneednot be utteredbut it should
be k ep t i n m i n d d u ri n g th e th e Wu d h u '
2. fnvokin Atlah (SWT)at the start of the
g
W udh u b Y s a Yi n g:
'' ISM ILLAHI -R -RAHM AN I -R-RAHIIM ". -
B
(ln t h e n a m e o f A l l a h , Mo st Gra ci o us'
Most Merciful).
3. Wa s h i n gt h e ha n d su p toth e w ri sts for
t hree t i m e s , w hi l e ru b b i n g th e m a n d
letting the water reach between the
fingers.
4 . Rin s i n gt h e m o u th w i th w a te r th ri ce'
preferably using the "Miswak" (tooth
stick),tooth brush, or f ingersto brushthe
t eet h a n d t h e g u m. R e g a rd i n g the
9
19. importanceof the Miswak, the prophet
( P B U Hs a i d :
)
"lf it had not been too great
a burden on
my Ummah, I would have ordered them
to
use the "Miswak', at every Wudhu.,,
(R e p o r t e d y l ma m Ma fi k)
b
5 . C l e a n i n g he n o stri l sb y sn i ffi n gwater
t
in a n d o u t f o r th re e ti me s.
6 . W a s h i n g t h e e n ti re fa ce th ri ce using
both hands from the top of the forehead
down to the bottom of the chin and from
ear to ear.
7. W a s h i n gt h e a rmsth re eti me s u p to
the
up p e r e n d o f th e e l b o w s;ri g h t a rm fir st,
a n d t h e n , t h e l e ft a rm. A rms sh o u ld
be
rL O b e O h i l e th e y a re b e i n gw a sh e d.
w
8 . W e t t i n g b oth h a n d s a n d p a ssi n g
the
same over the head starting from above
t h e f o r e h e a d o w nto th e n a p e(th eb a ck
d of
l0
20. t h e n e c k )a n d f r o m th e re , re tu rn i n gb o th
h ands u p t o a b o v eth e fo re h e a d .
9 . Fro m t h e h e a d , w i th o u t w e tti n g th e
h ands a g a i n , t he P e rso n w i P e s th e
e a rlob e su s i n gt h e fo re fi n g e rs w i p eth e
, to
i n n e r p a r t o f t h e l o b e sa n d th e th u mb sfo r
th e ou t s i d ep a r t .
1 0 . Wa s h i n gb o t h fe e t u p toth e a n kl e s r
fo
three times or more if necessarY,
b e g in n i n gw i t h t he ri g h t fo o t a n d th e n
wit h th e l e f t f o o t. B o th fe e t sh o u l d b e
r u b b e dw h i l e t h e y a re b e i n gw a sh e da n d
wat er s h o u l d f r ee l y p a ss b e tw e e n th e
toes .
I M P O R T A NP O I N T S N W U D H U
T O
a . M u c h v i r t u e i s a t t a c h e dt o W u d h u
whic h i s p r o p e rl yp e rfo rme da s ca n be
not ed f r o m t h e fo l l o w i n g sa yi n g o f th e
P r o p h e( P B U H ) :
t
1l
21. "A person who performs Wudhu properly
will have his sins removed from hisbody,
so much that the sins are removed even
from underneath his nails,,. (Reportedby
lmamMuslim)
b . H a v i n g c o mp l e te d th e Wu d h u , the
person may recite the "SHAHADA',,i.e.
the words of witness and the supplication
f o r c o n c l u d i ng e Wu d h u a s fo l l o ws:
th
.,ASH-HADU
ANLAA ILAHA ILLA-LAAHU
WA ASH-HADU ANNA MIJHAMMADAN
ABDUHU WA RASUULUHU...-
ALLAHUMMA IJ'ALNII M INAT.AWABIIN
WA IJ'ALNII MINA.L MUTADAHIRIIN...
wh i c h m e a n s
"l bear witness that there is no god
but
Allah and that Muhammad is His servant
and messenger...OLord, make me among
those who return to you in repentanceand
of those who are undefited.,'
t2
22. Rega r d i n g t h e vi rtu e o f th e a b o ve
s u p p l i c a t i o nt,h e l e a d e r o f th e fa i th ful,
Uma r l b n - u l Kh a tta b (ma y A l l a h b e
pleased with him) reportedthe Prophet
(P BU H ) s s a Yi n g :
a
"tf anyone Performs the Wudhu
completely and then saYs":
" 'l testify that there is no god but Allah
alone, He hasno partner; and I testify that
Muhammad is His servant and
messenger', the eight gates of Paradise
wilt be opened for him and may enter by
whichever of the gates he wishes""
( R e l a t e d Yl m a m M u s l i m ) .
b
c. When Performing Wudhu, it is
recommended to let the water reach
beyond the area required to be washed
(e . g . , h e n w a sh i n gth e a rms th e p e rs on
w
may wash beyondthe elbows or beyond
t he a n k l e sw h e n w a sh i n gth e fe e t)'Great
v irt u e h a s b e e n a tta ch e dto th i s fa ct, as
l3
23. can be notedfrom the followingsayingof
t h e Pr o p h e t pB U H ):
(
"My nation (tJmmah)
will be called
(distinguised) on the Day of Judgement
as
a people with bright faces and limbs from
the effect of their Wudhu practices.
Therefore, anyone of you who wishes to
increase his brightness may do so (by
washing beyond the required areaswhen
performing W"udhu).,. (Reported by lmams
Bukhari and Muslim)
d. The person is required to avoid use of
water more than what is necessary.
e . M u c h i m p o rta n ce h a s b e e n a tta ched
t o t h e p e r f o r m a n ceo f tw o ra ka a tsa fter
performin Wudhuas can be notedfrom the
g
f o l l o w i n g c o n v e r s a t i o nb e t w e e n t h e
Prophet (PBUH) and Bilat, the first
Mua d h i n( m a yA l l a h b e p l e a se d i th h im ) :
w
t4
24. "O Bilal! tell me which of your acts is most
meritorious since ioining lslam, f or I heard
the sound of your shoesin Paradiseahead
of me?
Bilal replied: I do not have any action more
me rito r i o u s t h a n th a t w h e n e ve r I
performed Wudhu (purification) during
the day or night, I each time offered a
prayer as much as Allah has destined for
me" . ( R e p o r t e d y l ma ms B u kh a ri a nd
b
Muslim)
WIPING OVER THE SOCKS
a. lf someone's"Wudhu", gets nullified,
t hen , w h e n p e rfo rmi n g a su b se q u ent
Wu d h u , i t i s a ll o w e d to w i P e o ve r the
s oc k sw i t h w e t h a n d s,i n ste a d f w a sh i ng
o
bot hf e e t o n c o n d i ti o n a t th e so cks e r e
th w
put o n a f t e r w a sh i n gth e fe e t i n th e fi r st
W u d h u o r b e f o r e h e s a m ei s n u l l i f i e d .
t
b . A t r a v e l l e rm a y a v a i l h i m s e l fo f t h i s
l5
25. privilege continuously for three
consecutivedays and nights (72 hours),
but a residentmay do so for only one day
and one night continuously(24 hours).
HO WW I PI N G E R H ES OC K S D ONE
OV T IS
Wiping is done accordingto the tradition
of the Prophet(PBUH), follows:
as
After removingthe shoes,wet hands are
passed only over the upper surface of
sockswithout the needto wipe the bottom
parts.
WH E N T H EW I PIN GP R IV IL E GE E A SES
C
T h e w i p i n g p r i vi l e g eb e co me si n va l i din
the eventthat one or moreof the following
casesoccur:
1. W h e n t h e m a xi mu m mi n g sa l l o w e d
ti as
dis c u s s e d a r l ie rl a p se .
e
16
26. 2. The moment the socksare removed.
3 . Wh e n a n y o f th e ca se s re q u l rl n g
"G hus l " o c c u r .
MA TT E R S W H I C H IN V A L ID A T E T H E
WUDHU
The person will remain in a state of
Wu d h u u n t i l a n y of th e fo l l o w i n gma tte r s
is committed:
1 . Pass i n go f e x cre me n t, ri n e o r w i n d'
u
When s o m e o n e p a sse s u ri n e a n d /o r
excrement, it becomes mandatoryupon
such a personto removethe foulnessof
thes e t h i n g s b e f o re p e rfo rmi n gWu d h u.
Pu re w a t e r s h ou l d b e u se d fo r th i s
p u rp o s e ,b u t i n c a se , i t i s n o t a va i l a ble
after earnestsearchfor it, the personmay
resort to the use of certain dry objects,
such as stones, dry woods and tissue
p a p e rt o r e m o v e e f i l th .T h i s i s kn o w nas
th
"lstijmaar" . Odd numbersof the objectto
17
27. be used is preferred, such as 3, S, etc.The
person should ensure that no drops of
ur i n e o r s t a i n s o f fo u l n e ss a re l eft on
his,/herbody or clothes.
However,in the case of personsafflicted
wi t h p e r m a n e n t w e tti n g o r p e rmanent
p a s s i n go f w i n d , o r o f w o me n w h o ar e
sufferingfrom prolongedflows of blood,
s u c h p e r s o n s a re re q u i re d to p e r for m
Wudhu only once beforethe start of each
pr a y e r a n d t he i r Wu d h u w o u l d re main
v a l i d e v e n i f th e a b o ve p ro b l e ms m ay
o c c u r l a t e r i n th e co u rseo f th e p ra yer .
2. E a t i n go f c ame l 'sme a t.
3 . Sl e e p i n gi n w h i ch th e p e rso n l o sses
c o n s c i o u s n ess.
4. L o s s o f c o n sci o u sn e ss su l ti n gfr om
re
insa n i t y , a i n ti n g ,e tc.
f
l8
28. 5. Touching of the sexual organs
i n t e n t i o n a l l yd i r e ctl ya n d u n cl o th e d .
,
6. After washing a dead person(corpse)'
7 . R e n o u n c i n o f l s l a m i cF a i t h .
g
GHUSL (TOTALBATH)
Ghusl in lslam means the bathing of the
entire body with water. Proof of fts
tegitimacy is embodiedinthe Holy Aur'an
as follows:
,'....AND IF YE ARE IN A STATE OF
CEREMONIALIMPURITY, BATHE YOUR
WHO L EB O D Y . . .."(Ou r'a n5 :6 )
OCCASIONS WHEN GHUSL IS
REO U I R ED AN OB L IGA T ORA C T
AS Y
G husl i s r e q u i r eda s a n o b l i g a to ry ct i n
a
l9
29. the following cases:
1. After the discharge semenas a result
of
of stimulation whether awake or asleep
(i.e.in a wet dream).
Thisstateis known in
Arabic as"JUNUB".lf , alter the dream no
wetness is traced in one's clothing,
bathingis not obligatory.However, case
in
wetness is found but without recalling
any dream, performing Ghusl is
obligatory.
2. After sexual intercourse(or the mere
coming together of the two organs of a
ma n a n d a w o ma n , e ve n th o u g h ther e
ma y b e n o a c tu a le j a cu l a ti o np e rfo rm ing
)
G h u s l i s r e q u i re d .
3. Followinga period of menstruation, a
wo m a n i s r e q u i re dto p e rfo rmGh u s l.
4. At the end of 40 daysafter childbirth,a
wo m a n i s r e q u i re d p e rfo rmGh u sl.
to
20
30. 5. When a disbelievernewly embraces
f s lam , s u c h a p e rso n i s re q u i re d to
p e rf o r mG h u s l .
6 . W h e n a M u s l i md i e s ,G h u s li s r e q u i r e d
for him/her.
O C C A S I O N SF O R W H I C H G H U S L I S
PREFERRED
G hus l i s r e c o m m e n d e dn th e fo l l o w i ng
i
cases:
1 . B e f o r e g o i ng to Ju ma 'h (F ri day
Cong r e g a t i o n a ye r).
I Pra
2 . B e f o r e g o i n g to E i d P ra ye rs(Mu sl i m
annu a lf e a s t p r a ye rs).
3. Before undertaking Umrah or Hajj
( P i l g r i m a gte M a k k a h ) .
o
4. Up o n w a s h i n ga co rp se . cco rd i n g
(A to
manys c h o l a r st,he p e rfo rma n ce f Gh u s l
o
2l
31. is preferredfor a person who washes a
corpse).
E S S E N T I AR E O U I R E M E N T S G H U S L
L OF
T h e r e a r e t w o e sse n ti a l re q u i re m ents
which need to be f ulfilledfor Ghuslto be
valid. These are as follows:
1. In t e n t i o n o p e rfo rm u sli s n e ce ssar y
t Gh
bec a u s ei t i s th e d i vi d i n g l i n e b e tween
a c t s p e r f o r m eda s a me re cu sto m and
deeds which are rewardable acts of
wo r s h i p .H o w e ve r, e i n te n ti o n s o n lyby
th i
heart and need not be uttered.
2 . T h e e n t i r e b o d y sh o u l d b e w a shed.
Wa t e r s h o u l d r e a cha n d fl o w fre e l yover
every part of the body.
H O W G H U S LI S P E R F O R M E D
Besides the above two essential
r e q u i r e m e n t s ,t h e r e a r e a l s o o t h e r
22
32. v olu n t a r ya c t s r e co mme n d e d r Gh u s l.
fo
Both the essentialand the voluntaryacts
are now integrated herebelow to
d e mo n s t r a t eh o w th e P ro p h e t (P B UH)
us edt o p e r f o r mth e Gh u sl .
a. I nte n db y h e a rtto p e rfo rmGh u sl .
b . Wa s h b o t h h an d s u p to th e w ri sts for
t h r e et i m e s .
c . Wa s h t h e s e x o rg a n sp ro p e rl y.
d . P e r f o r m u d h ua s u s u a l ( i n h e m a n n e r
W t
a l r e a d y d i s c u s s e d )e x c e p t , t h a t t h e
wa s h i n go f t h e f e e tw o u l db e d e l a ye d n til
u
la t e r w h e n a l l th e re st o f th e b o d y is
bathed.
e . P o u r w a t e r o ve r th e h e a d th re e ti mes,
massaging he hair to allow water to
t
re a c h i t s r o o t s .
f . Pou rw a t e r l i b e ra l l y ve rth e e n ti reb o dy,
o
23
33. b e g i n n i n g i t h th e ri g h tsi d ea n dth e n ,the
w
left side ensuringthat no part of the body
is untouched by water such as the
a rm p i t s , i n s i d e th e e a rl o b e s,i n si d e the
navel, between the fingers and toes, etc.
g . F i n a l l y m o vea l i ttl efu rth e rfro mw her e
,
you were and wash your feet, beginning
with your right foot and then, the left.
Notes:
1 . A w o m a n w i l l p e r f o r mG h u s lj u s t a s a
man does, except,that if she has plaited
h a i r ,s h e n e e dno t u n d oi t. S h eo n l yn eeds
to throw three handfuls of water over her
hea d .
2. T h e p e r s o n ma y a fte r co mp l e ti n g the
Ghusl recite the supplication for
c on c l u d i n g h u slw h i ch sh o u l db e re cited
G
outs i d et h e t o i le t,/b a th ro o mn d w h i c h is
a
the same as the one recited after
c o m p l e t i n n On r;O
*u
34. A CT S F O R B I D D E N O P E R S ON S
T WH O
A RE R E O U I R E D O P E R F OR M U S L
T GH
Persons requiring to perform Ghusl are
forbiddento undertake certainacts.These
are as follows:
1. Any type of prayerwhether obligatory
or v o l u n t a r y .
2. Circumambulating the Ka'abah
(Tawaf).
3 . To u c h i n go r ca rryi n gth e H o l y Ou r'a n.
However, the prohibition doesnot applyto
ot he r b o o k s wh i ch co n ta i n Ou r'a nic
pas sa g e s u c h a s co mme n ta ri e s f the
s o
Holy Our'an or works of lslamic
ju risp r u d e n c e .
4 . ' R e c i t i n gh e H o l yO u r ' a n .
t
5 . Sta y i n gi n s i deth e Mo sq u e .
25
35. ME N S T R U AT ION A ID H }
(H
This refers to the periodicaldischargeof
b lo o d b y w o me n i n th e i r sta te o f h ealth
and i s e a s i l y di sti n g u i sh a b l e w o m en
to
f ro m p o s t - c h i l d b i rth l e e d i n g .
b
P O S T - C H t L D B t RB L E E D T N(G t F A S )
TH N
S u c h b l e e d i n gu su a l l yo ccu rsto w o men
af t e r c h i l d b i r t h n d ma y co n ti n u e i thout
a w
f ix e d d u r a t i o n ,a l th o u g h i n so me ca ses,
t h e r e m a y n ot o ccu r b l e e d i n g a t all.
However, the strengthof the teachings
on
of the Prophet (PBUH), a woman
e x p e r i e n c i n g st-ch i l d b i rthl e e d i n g
po b has
a m a x i m u mc on fi n e me n t e ri o do f a bout
p
forty (4O) daysafter which, she is required
t o m a k eG h u s l a n dco mme n ce e r l sl am ic
h
duties. lf, however, the blood does not
ceaseafter 40 days,most scholarsare of
the opinion that the woman should
c on t i n u ew i t h he r re g u l a rl sl a mi cd u ties.
36. ACTS FORBIDDEN TO WOMEN
EX PE R I EN C I N G N S T R U A T ION N D
ME A
PO S T - C H I L D B IR T H E E D IN G
BL
1. A ll a c t s m e nti o n e dh e re i n b e fo rea s
,
f o rb id d e n o p e r so n sre q u i ri n gGh u sla re
t
als o p r o h i b i t e dto w o me n e xp e ri e n cing
menstruation and post-childbirth
bleeding.
2. A w o m a n c a n n o t e n g a g ei n a se xu al
in t e rc o u r s e .
T h e c o m p a n i o ns f th e P ro p h e t(P B U H) ,
o
asked him about this and "Allah (SWT)"
rev ea l e d h e f o l l o w i n gOu r'a n i cve rse :
t
''THEY
ASK THEE CONCERNING
WOMEN'S COU,9SES. Y: THEYARE A
S/
HURT AND A POLLUTION..SO KEEP
AWAY FROM WOMEN IN THEIR
COURSES,AND DO NOT APPROACH
THEM UNTIL THEY ARE CLEAN......''
(O u r' a n2 : 2 2 2 1
27
37. However,all scholarsare of the opinion
t ha t a h u s b a n dma y to u ch a n y p a rt o f his
wife's bodyabovethe naveland/ or below
the knees. This fact, is based on the
confirmations the Prophet's
of wives,that
wh e n t h e P r o p h e t(P B U H ) i sh e d ro be
w
wit h t h e m d uri n g th e i r p e ri o d s, they
wo u l d p u t s o m e th i n go ve r th e i r p ri vate
parts.
AT-TAYAMMUM(ABLUTION
USINGTHE
EARTH)
"At-Tayammum" is a means of usingthe
s oi lt o w i p e o n e'sfa cea n d h a n d sw i th the
intentionof preparingoneselfto perform
prayer.Proofof its legitimacyis found in
t h e H o l y O u r ' an a s fo l l o w s:
,"...^ND
IF YE ARE ILL. OR ON A
JOURNEY, OR ONE OF YOU COMETH
FROM OFFICES OF NATURE. OR YE
HAVE BEENIN CONTACTWITH WOMEN.
AND YE FIND NO WATER. THEN TAKE
28
38. FOR YOURSELVES CLEAN SAND OR
EARTH, AND RUB THEREWITH YOUR
FACES AND HANDS, FOR ALLAH DOES
BLOT OUT SINSAND FORGIVES AGAIN
AND AGAIN." (Our'an4:431
T h e P r o p h e t P B U H ), l so sa i d :
( a
"All of the earth has been made a pure
place of prayer for me and my "Ummah"
( Na t io n ) .W h e n e ve r a p e rso n fro m my
nat io n w a n t s t o p ra y, h e h a s so me th i ng
wit h w h i c h t o p u ri fy h i mse l f...th aits th e
e a rt h ". ( R e p o r t ed y l ma m A h ma n d )
b
INSTANCES WHEN AT-TAYAMMUM IS
PE RM I T T ED
At-Tayammum is permitted only on
specificinstancesas follows:
1. Where the personcannotf ind water or
t h e am o u n t o f w ate r i s n o t su ffi ci e n t r
fo
Wudhu. However,beforeperformingAT-
29
39. Tayammum, the personis required look
to
for water earnestly from any possible
source.
2 . W h e n a p e rso n i s i n j u re d o r i l l and
believes that the use of water will worsen
h i s , / h e r o n di ti o nth e n ,A t-T a ya mm um
c , is
allowed.
3 . W h e n w a t e r i s to o co l dsu chth a t i t m ay
ha r m t h e pe rso n , A T -T a ya mmum is
all o w e di f t h e u se r ca n n o tfi n d me ansof
he a t i n gt h e w a te r.
4. W h e n w a t er i s n e a rb y, u tth e p e rsonis
b
not able to fetch it due to fear for his,/her
lif e , f a m i l y an d w e a l th , (e .g .fro m an
e n e m y e i t h er b e a st o r h u ma n i n the
v ic i n i t y ) t h e n, A t-T a ya mmu m ma y be
performed.
5. W h e n t h e re i s n o t e n o u g hw a te r and
on e i s f o r c e dto sa vew h a t i s a va i l a ble
for
drinking and/or cooking, then, At-
30
40. Ta y a m m u mi s a l l o w e d .
THE E A R T H S O T L IT O E U S E DF ORA T -
( B
TAYAMMUM
T h is s h o u l db e p u re e a rtho r so i l a n d ca n
be sand, stone or gypsumwhich produce
d us t wh e n h i t w i t h th e h a n d s.
HOW TO PERFORMAT-TAYAMMUM
1 . Th e p e r s o ns h o u l dfi rst i n te n db y h e a rt
t o perfo r mAt - T a ya mmu m.
2 . T h e p e r s o nt h e n stri keth e so i l w i th th e
p alms o f b o t h h a nd s.
3 . Th e p e r s o nt h e n w i p e s th e fa ce u si n g
bothpalms.
4 . Th e r e a f t e r , h e p e rso n u se s th e l e ft
t
palm to w i p e o v er th e b a ck o f th e ri g h t
h a n d u p t o t h e w r i st, a n d th e n , u se s th e
r ight p a l mt o w i p e o ve rth e b a cko f th e l e ft
3t
41. hand upto the wrist.
Notes:
1 . l f a n y d u s t cl i n g s to th e h a n d s upon
striking the earth, it should be blown out
first beforewiping the face and the hands
to avoid the dust.
2. Only one strikeon the earth is sufficient
for wiping both the face and hands.
3. For persons who are required to
p e r f o r m G h u sl , b u t a re u n a b l e to find
water,then, At-Tayammumas discussed
would suffice.
MATTERS WHICH NULLIFY AT-
TAYAMMUM
P u r i f i c a t i o nby A t-T a ya mmu m h a s the
s a m e v a l i d ity a s Wu d h u a n d Ghusl
performed with water, but becomes
invalidated the following cases:
in
32
42. 1 . A l l a c t i o n sa n d c o n d i t i o n sh a t n u l l i f y
t
Wu d h u a l s o n u l l i fyA t-T a ya mmu m.
2. lf after performing At-Tayammum,
wa t e r i s f o u n d f or Wu d h u o r Gh u sl .
THE TIMINGS OF THE OELIGATORY
PRAYERS
lslam has prescribed specified time limits
for each obligatoryprayer as can be noted
from the following verse of the Holy
Aur'an:
"Prayer is enjoined on believers at stated
t ime s "( O u r ' a n :1 0 3 )
4
And i n a n a u t h e n ti cp ro p h e ti c yi n gi t is
sa
c onf i r m e dt h a t so me o n eo n ce a ske dthe
prop h e t( P B U H ) b o u t th e b e st a cti o n in
a
the sight ol Allah 6WD and the prophet
re p lie d :
33
43. " Off ering prayer at its prescribed
t ime . . . . . . . "( R e p o rtey l ma m B u kh a ri )
bd
T h u s ,t h e a r r i v a lo f th e ti me fo r p ra ye ri s a
f und a m e n t a lc o n d i ti o nfo r p e rfo rmi ngit
and i f , t h e r e f o re a p ra ye ri s i n te n ti o nally
,
performedbefore or after its designated
t ime i t s h a l ln o t b e a cce p ta b l i n th e si ght
e
of Atlah 6Wn. However, Personswho
ma y f o r g e t( w i th o u ti n te n ti o n )to e rfor m
p
any o f t h e o b li g a to ryp ra ye rsw i th i n its
ord a i n e dt i m e o r w h o a re o ve rta ke nby
s lee p ,t h e n s u ch p e rso n s o u l dp e rfor m
sh
t h e p r a y e ra s s o o n a s th e y re me mb erit
and / o r a s s o o na sth e yw a ke u p f ro mtheir
s lee p .
We s h a l l n o w e n u me ra teth e d i ffe r ent
t imi n g s o f t h e fi ve o b l i g a to ry ra ye rs:
p
-
1. F A J R( D a w n )P R A Y E R l ts ti me b e gins
a t d a w n w h e n m o rn i n gl i g h tf i rsta p p ear s
i n t h e h o r i z o n n dc o n t i n u e s n t i l t h es u n
a u
ris e s .
44. 2. DHUHR (Nonn) PRAYER- lts time
begin sw h e n t h e su n re a ch e si ts h i g h est
poin t i n t h e s k y a n d co n ti n u e su p to the
time of Asr Prayer.
3. AS R ( Af t e r no o n ) R A Y E R- l ts ti m e
P
begin sw h e n t h e sh a d o w o f a n o b j e ctis
equa lt o i t s o w n l e n g th , l u sth e l e n g thof
p
it s n o o n t i m es h a d o wa n d co n ti n u e s n til
u
s unse t .
4. MAGHRI8 (Sunset)PRAYER tts time -
s t a r t s r o m s u n s e t n dc o n t i n u e s n t i l t h e
f a u
e n d o f t w i l i g h t . T w i l i g h t i s th e re d n e ss
whic h r e m a i n s n th e h o ri zo n fte rsu n set.
i a
-
5 . I S H A( Ev e n i n gP R A Y E R l tsti mesta rts
)
wh e n t h e t w i l i gh t d i sa p p e a rs n d a
c o n t i n u e su p t o m i d - n i g h t .M i d - n i g h ti n
this case may not necessarily be
in t e r p r e t e t o m e a n1 2 :OO 'cl o ck u t may
d o b
be c o n s t r u e da s th e mi d -ti me b e tw e en
35
45. s u n s e t a n d t he a p p e a ra n ce f th e
o
dawn.
ADHAAN (CALLTO PRAYER)
The "Adhaan" is a call to inform othersin
specif words that the time lor a
ic
pa r t i c u l a r r a ye rh a s b e g u n .l t i s a call to
p
t he c o n g r e g ati o n n d i s a n e xp re ssion
a of
t he l s l a m i c r a cti cel.t i s re q u i re d s a n act
p a
f or a l l t h e O b l i g a to ry ra ye rs.
P
T H E VI R T U ES A D H A A N
OF
T h e g r e a t n e ss f th e vi rtu e w h i ch l s lam
o
a t t a c h e st o t h e " A d h a a n " a n d th e one
who performs it i.e. the "Muadhin", can
b e n o t e d f r o m th e fo l l o w i n gve rseo f the
H o l yO u r ' a n :
36
46. "WHO IS BETTERIN SPEECH THAN ONE
WHO CALLS (THE PEOPLE) TO ALLAH
AND WORKS RIGHTEOUSIVESS.,,
( O u r ' a n 1: 3 3 )
4
T h e m o t h e r o f t he fa i th fu l , A i sh a (ma y
A lla h b e p l e a s e d th h e r)co n fi rme d a t
wi th
t his v e r s e c o n c e rn s a n d re fe rs to th e
Mu a d h i n a n d w a s re ve a l e d n n o o th er
o
re a s o nt h a n f o r t he Mu a d h i n .
A n d , fr o m t h e p r o p h e ti ctra d i ti o n s, b u
A
Hurairah reported that the Prophet
( P B U H )s a i d :
,
"lf the people knew the reward in the
Adhaan and the f irst row of the prayer and
that they could not get it (the reward)save
by drawing lots, they would draw |ots....."
( N a r r a t e db y l m a m B u k h a r i )
And, in another saYing the ProPhet
(PBUH), aid:
s
l7
47. "The "Muadhins" will on the Day of
Judgement have the longest necks
(re f l e c t i n gt h ei r e xcl u si vee mi n e n c e) ".
(R e p o r t e d y lma m Mu sl i m)
b
HOW T H EA D H A A N IS P E R F OR MED
Pr e f e r a b l yt,h ere sh o u l db e a n a p p o inted
Mu a d h i na t e a chMo sq u e h o w i l l ca llthe
w
people to prayer when the time of a
pa r t i c u l a r r a ye ri s d u e .l n p e rfg rmi ng
p the
Adhaan, the Muadhrn would stand facing
the directionof the "Aibbh" (the sacred
mo s q u ei n M a kka h ). e w o u l d th e n raise
H
bo t h h a n d su ptoh i s e a rsa n d sa y i n a loud
v o i c et h e f o l l o w i n gw o rd s:
1. ALLAHU AKBAR Allah r's the
greatest.(to repeated4 times)
be
2. ASH-HADU ANLA ILAHA ILLALLAAH-
I testify that there is no god but Altah. (to
be r e p e a t e d ti me s)
2
48. 3. ASH.HADU ANNA MUHAMMADAN
RASUULULLAAH - ltestifythat
Muhammad is Allah's messenger. (to be
repeated2 times)
4. HAYYA'ALAS SALAAT - Come fast to
prayer. (to be repeated 2 times). The
Muadhin, when reciting this turns the
f ac e s l i g h t l yt o t he ri g h t si d e .
5. HAYYA'ALAL FALAAH - Come fast to
success. (to be repeated 2 times). The
Muadhin, when reciting this turns the
f a c e s l i g h t l yt o t he l e ft si d e .
6. ALLAHU AKBAR - Allah is the greatest.
(t o be r e p e a t e d ti me s)
2
7. LAA ILAHA ILLALLAAH - There is no
god but Allah. (to be recitedonce)
No t e : l n t h e Ad ha a n ,fo r e F a j r (D a w n)
th
pray e r ,t h e f o l l o w i n g w o rd s a re re ci ted
t wic e a f t e r H a y y a 'a l aF a l a a h :
l
39
49. "ASSALATU KHEIRUM MINA NAWM''.
(to be recited two times)whichmeans-
for
"Salaat is better than sleep".
WH A T S O M E ON ES U P P L IC A T EU PON
S
HE AR I N G H E A D H A A N
T
It is preferredpractice that when a person
hears the Adhaan, he should repeatthe
wo r d s t h e Mu a d h i n ca l l s o u t, e xcept,
wh e n h e s a y s " H a a ya a l a l S a l a a t and
H a y y aa l a l F a l a a h " , h e l i s t e n e r s h o u l d
t
insteadsay:
"LA HOWLA WALA AUWATA ILA
BILLAH", which means -
"There is no power and strength exceptby
Allah".
40
50. THE SUPPLICATION AFTER THE
ADHAAN
Upon the completionof the Adhaan, it is
recommendedthat the listener recites
t he f o l l o w i n gs u pp l i ca ti o n :
''ALL AH U M M A R A B B A H A D H IH ID
DA'WATI - TAMMAH. WASALATIL
AA'IMAH. ATI MUHAMMADANAL
WASILATA WAL FADHILATA,
WAA B ' AT H U H U MA A A MU M MA H .
MUDA N - A L L A D H II WA 'A D T A H U ".
whic h m e a n s-
"O Allah, Lord of this complete call and of
the prayer to be held, grant Muhammad
the most favoured and excellent position
in the Paradiseand raise him to the praise
worthy place that You have promised
him".
I t is h i g h l y r e c omme n d e d re ci te the
to
above s u p p l i c a ti o n t th e e n d o f e ve ry
a
4l
51. Adhaan and in this regard the Prophet
( P B U Hs a i d :
)
"....it becomes obligatory upon me to
intercede for him (person reciting the
supplication) on the Day of Judgement".
(R e p o r t e d y l ma m B u kh a ri )
b
ToAMAH(SECONDCALL TO PRAYER)
"lqamah" is the secondcall to the prayer
a n d i s s a i d i n si d eth e Mo sq u ea t th e s tar t
o f t h e c o n g r e g a ti o n ap ra ye r.l t g o es as
l
follows:
l. ALLAHUAKBAR (repeated
two times)
2. ASH-HADU ANLA ILLAHA ILA LAAH.
(on c e )
3. ASH-HADU ANNA MUHAMMADAR
RASULUL-LAAH.(once)
4. HAYYAALAS-SALAAL (once)
42
52. (once)
5. HAYYAALAL-FALAAH.
6. AAD AAMATIS-SALAAT. (rePeated
two times)
7. ALLAHUAKBAR.(repeated
two times)
8. LAA ILAAHA ILA-LAAH. (once)
Notes:
a . lt is r e c o m m e n d e d a t a b ri e f ti me
th
gappi n g b e m ai n ta i n e d b e tw e e n th e
" A d h a a n "a n d t h e " l q a m a h "t o a l l o wt h e
c ongr e g a t i o no ge t re a d yfo r th e sa l a a t.
t
b . lt i s p r e f e r r e dth a t th e " l q a ma h " i s
p e r f o r m e d y t h e s a m ep e r s o n M u a d h i n )
b (
who p e r f o r m e d he " A d h a a n " .
t
c . lt i s d i s l i k e dfo r a n yo n eto l e a veth e
mo s q u e o n c e t h e " A d h a a n " i s ma d e,
u n less f o r u r g e n t re a so n (s) u t w i th a
b
det er m i n a t i o no re tu rnfo r th e p ra ye r.
t
43
53. d. lt is prohibited offervoluntaryprayers
to
aft e r l q a m a h h a s b e e n ca l l e d o u t. The
Pr o p h e t P B U H ) ys:
( sa
"When lqamah is called out, no prayer is
permissible except the obligatory one".
(R e p o r t e d y l ma m Mu sl i m)
b
e. l f a p e r s o n mi sse s a p ra ye r d ue to
o v e r s l e e p i n go r fo r g e t f l n e s s , t h e n ,
u
before starting the missed prayer the
pe r s o ni s r e qu i re dto co me u p w i th both
A d h a a n a n d l q a ma h ,
However,if a personmissesa number of
pra y e r s ,i t i s pre fe rre d a t h e co mes up
th
w i t h o n l yo n e " A d h a a n "f o r a l l t h em i s s e d
p ra y e r s , u t t o co me u p w i th a se p ar ate
b
" l q a m a h "f o r e a c hs a l a a t .
t. Where a person misses the
c on g r e g a t i o na p ra ye r a t th e mo sque,
l
s uc ha p e r s o n, e fo re rti n g p ra yis at
b sta to
lib e r t y t o e i t h e r p e rfo rm o r o mi t the
M
54. A d h a a n a n d t h e l q a ma h .H o w e ve r,i f he
decides to Perform the Adhaan, it is
preferredthat he does it in a low voiceso
as not to attract the attention of others
out si d e .
g. lt is not obligatory women to perform
on
t he A d h a a na n d l q a ma hb u t i f th e yw i shto
perfo r mt h e s a m e th e re i s n o h a rm.
PE R F O R M AN COF T H E S A I A A T
E
After introducing the salaat and
d is cu s s i n g i t s p re -re q u i si te s, e shall
w
now t u r n t o ma tte rs p e rta i n i n gto its
ac t u a lp e r f o r m a n ce .
CONDITIONS FOR THE PRAYER
(SH U R U U D - L -S A IA T )
Th e r e a r e a n u mb e ro f co n d i ti o n s h ich
w
n e e d t o b e f u l fi l l e dfo r th e p ra ye rto be
v a l i d .T h e s ea r e a s f o l l o w s :
45
55. 1. A c c e p t a n ce o f l sl a mi c F a i th
d is b e l i e v e r a r e n o t re q u i re d e sta b lish
s to
Safaat until they believein "Attah6WD"
and b e a rw i t n e s sth a t th e re i s n o g o d but
Alla h a n d b e a rwi tn e ssth a t Mu h a mm ad
is Hi s s e r v a n ta n d me sse n g e r.
2. Anniyah - this in Arabic means the
intention by heart to perform the
p a rt i c u l a r r a y e r.
p
-
3. Cleanliness this includescleanliness
o f t h e b o d y , t h e cl o th e s a n d th e p l ace
where the prayer is to be performed.
4. Purification - this refers to the
performance Wudhu(or Ghuslwhere it
of
is re q u i r e d ) p ri o r to u n d e rta ki n gthe
praye r .
5. Concealing of the Private parts - for a
ma n , i t i s e s s e nti a th a t h e b e co ve re d
l at
leastf r o m t h e n a ve l toth e kn e e sa l l ro u nd,
wh ile , i n t h e c a seo f a w o ma n , h e r b o dy
46
56. should be totally coveredexceptfor the
f a c e a n d w r i s t s.
6. Facingthe "Aiblah" - this meansthat a
person when prayingmust face towards
t h e d i r e c t i o n o f th e sa cre d mo sq u e in
"Makkah". Where a personis not able to
lo c a t e t h e d i r ecti o nb y h i mse l f/h e rself,
the person may ask another personwho
may know the direction of the Aibbh.
Ho w e v e r , f n o o n e i s i n si g h tto g u i d eto
i
t h e r i g h t d i r ecti o n , th e n , th e p e rson
s ho u l d d e c i d e fo r h i mse l f,/h e rse land f
make the best guess of the correct
direction of the Aiblah, and accordingly,
p e r f o r mt h e p r aye ri n th a t d i re cti o n ven
e
t ho u g h t h e g u e ss ma yb e i n co rre ct. The
prayer performed would still be
a c c e p t a b l e l n s h a A l l a h ) i n vi e w o f the
(
f o llo w i n gv e r s eo f th e H o l YOu r'a n .
"Whichever direction ye turn' there is the
P re s e n c e f A l l a h ," (Ou r'a n2 :1 1 5 l ''
o
57. 7. Timing - prayersare to be observedin
t h e i r p r e s c r i b e d me s.
ti
8. Sanity and consciousness prayer is -
re q u i r e d n l y fr om p e rso n s f so u n dmi nd.
o o
9. Ability to distinguish - prayer is
requ i r e do n l y w h e re th e p e rso n(ch i l d)is
a b let o d i s t i n g ui sh e tw e e n o o da n d b ad,
b g
a n d i s a b l e t o un d e rsta n d n d a p p re ciate
a
fully what is to be recited,performedetc.
Note:
I t is p r e f e r r e d fo r ch i l d re n to b e gin
performingthe praverat the age of seven
f or i t a w a k e n si n th e m th e p re se n ceof
"Allah (SWT)"and incutcates them in the
h a b i t o f p r a y i n ga s a n a ct o f w o rsh i pa nd
lovetof Allah 6WD". A child at the ageof
1 O is m a d e t o u n d e rsta n d a t p ra ye ris
th
n e c e s s a r i la p a rto f th e p e rso n ,s a i l yl i fe
y d
and is a solemn duty ordainedby ',Altah
(S W T ) "o n l l M u sl i ms,a n d th a t fa i l u reto
a
48
58. p e rf o rm i t i s a n a ct o f d i sb e l i e f(K u fr).
Therefore,parentsare requiredto guide
th eir ch i l d r e n t o th e ri g h t p a th b y
p u n is h i n ga n y o f t he m w h o a t th e a g e o f
1 O in t e n t i o n a l l y i sse sth e p ra ye rs.
m
Th e P ro p h e t P B U H ), i d :
( sa
"Order your children to pray when they
reach the age of seven and punish them
for not performing it at the age of ten and
separate them (i.e. boys and girls) in their
be d s . " ( R e p o r t e d y l ma m B u h ka ri )
b
Uponattaining he age of 15, a childis
t
d e e me d t o h a v e re a ch e d a d u l th o o d,
whereby, he,/she is requiredto perform
th e p ra y e r . H e r e be l o w , re so me o th e r
a
sig n sw h i c h m a y i n d i ca te a t a ch i l dh a s
th
a t t a ine da d u l t h o o d .
a . T h e g r o w i n go f p u b i ch a i r s .
b . F i n d i n g r a c e so f s e m e no n t h e c h i l d ' s
t
clo t h e sa n d , / o rb e d .
49
59. c. The start of menstruation, the caseof
in
a girl.
OF T H E A C T S OF THE
C AT EG O R IE S
SAr AvAT
A l l t h e a c t s, re a d i n g sa n d su p p l i cations
u n d e r t a k e ni n th e co u rse o f th e salaat
have different legal weights and
im p l i c a t i o n s.T h e y a re ca te g o ri sedas
follows:
A. Pilfarsof the Salaat - (Arkanu-Salaat)
B . N e c e s s a ry D u ti e s o f th e S a laat
(Wajibatu-Salaat)
C . P r e f e r r e d A cts o f th e S a l aat
(Sunnanu-Salaat)
W e s h a l l no w d i scu ss e a ch o f these
c a t e g o r i e sn tu rn .
i
50
60. PILLARSOF THE SAr ^vAT - (ARKANU-
SAI AAT)
Th e pra y e r h a s o b l i g a to ryp i l l a rsw h i ch
mu s t be f u l fi l l e df o r i t to b eva l i da n dth e se
are as f o l l o w s :
1. Al-Aiyaam" - prayer is to be
p erf orm e d i n a sta n d i n g p o si ti o n i f a
p ers oni s p h y s i c a l l y p a b l e .
ca
2. "Takbiiratil lhraam", that is saying
"ALLAHU AKBAR". at the commence-
me n t o f t h e p r a y er.
3. "Al-Fatihah" - that is reciting the
openin g c h a p t e r of th e H o l y Ou r'a n i n
ev e ryR a k a a t .
4. "Rukuu" - this is bowing posture
wh e re b y t h e h e ad a n d th e b a ck a re
p os it io n e do n t h e sa me l e ve l a n d b o th
h a n d s a r e r e s t e do n th e kn e e sw i th th e
f ingerss p r e a da p a rt.
5l
61. 5 . A r e q u i r e m e nto ra i seth e h e a du p f r om
t
t h e R u k u up osi ti o n .
6 . A r e q u i r e me n tto sta n d u p fro m the
R u k u u p o s i ti o n i n su ch a w a y th at the
person feels that all his,/her backbones
a r e s t r a i g h te n e d .
7. "Sujuud" that is prostrating oneselfin
s u c h a w a y t h a t th e fo l l o w i n gse ve npar ts
o f t h e b o d y a re fi rml y p l a ce d o n the
g r o u n d : h e f ore h e a d g e th e r i th the tip
t to w
o f t h e n o s e, b o th th e p a l ms, b o th the
knees,the bottom surface of the toes of
both feet.
8 . A r e q u i r e me n to ra i seth e h e a dfr om
t
t h e S u j u u dp o s i t i o n .
9 . A r e q u i r e m e n t s i t u p r i g h t u r i n gt h e
to d
pause between the two prostrations.
1 0 . A r e q u i r e m e n tt o t a k e a S i t t i n g
62. Position for the recitation of the "At-
Tashahud" (words of witness).
1 1 . A requirement to recite the tinal "At-
Tashahud". .
1 2 . A r e q u i r e m ento re ci teth e w o rd s of
t
s uppl i c a t i o no r t h e P ro p h e t B U H ).
f (P
1 3 . A r e q u i r e m ento co n cl u d e e p ra yer
t th
with the words of peace "Tasleem", i.e.
"Assalamu Aleykum Wa Rahmatullaahi
Wa Barakatuh".
1 4 . A r e q u i r e m e n tt h a t i n f u l f i l l i n g t h e
above pillarsthe person should be in a
state of tranquility.
The above are the pillars of the prayer,
wherein, if any of them is missed,it is
r e q u i r e dt o r e p e a tt h e w h o l e R a k a a t U n i t )
(
i n w h i c h t h e p i l l a r i s o m i t t e d ,b u t i f , t h e
Takbiiratil - lhraam is omitted, it becomes
n e c e s s a r yt o r e p e a t t h e w h o l e s a l a a t .
53
63. NECESSARYDUTIES THE SALAAT
OF
(wAJTBATU-SAr
AAT)
ln a d d i t i o nt o th e a b o ve1 4 p i l l a rso f the
pra y e r ,t h e r e are a l so ce rta i n n e ce ssar y
du t i e s w h i c h n e e d to b e fu l fi l l e d i n the
c ou r s eo f t h e sa l a a t. h e sea re a s fo l l ows:
T
1 . Sa y i n g "AL L A H U A K B A R " i n the
courseof the prayerwhere it is necessary,
e. g . u p o n c o mme n ci n g u ku ue tc.,e tc.
R
2. Saying "SUBHANAA RABBIYAL
A Z I M . " w h e n i n R u k u up o s i t i o n .
3. Saying "SAMI ALLAHU LIMAN
HA M I D A H " wh i l e re su mi n g sta n ding
p o s i t i o nf r o m t h e R u k u u w h e t h e r t h e
per s o ni s a n "l ma m" (l e a d e r)o i s p ra ying
r
alone.
54
64. 4. Saying "RABBANA WALAKALHAMD"
when r e s u m i n g th e sta n d i n g p o si ti on
f ro m th e R u k u u a fte r sa yi n gth e w o rd s:
SAMI ALLAHU LIMAN HAMIDAH". This
is required from the lmam (leader), from
the congregation and even from a person
who is praying alone.
5. Saying 'SUBHANARABBIYAL A'ALA"
wh e n i n S u j u u d( p ro stra ti o np o si ti o n .
)
6. Saying "RABBI IGHFIR LEE" in the
s it t in gp a u s eb e t we e n e tw o p ro tra ti o ns
th
of eve r y u n i t o f t he p ra ye r.
7. Ta k i n g a Si tti n g P o si ti o n fo r the
recitation of At-Tashahudafter the first
t w o r a k a a t su n i t s ) oD h u h r A s r ,M a g h r i b
( f ,
and ls h a p r a y e r s.
8 . Re c i t i n gt h e A t-T a sh a h u d (w o rd s of
wit n e s s )a f t e rt h e fi rst tw o ra ka a ts n i ts)
(u
o f D h u h r ,A s r , M a g h r i b n d l s h ap r a y e r s .
a
55
65. The above8 actsconstitute the necessary
du t i e so f t h e p ra ye ra n d i f o n e o f th em is
mi s s e du n i n t e n ti o n a l l y, e nth e p e rsonis
th
re q u i r e d o a me n dth e mi sta ke y co m ing
t b
up with the two prostrations of
forgetfulnessat the end of the prayer.
However,if any of these duties is left out
d e l i b e r a t e l y , e n th e w h o l e p ra yer is
th
n u l l i f i e d n d s h a l l r e q u i r ea r e p e t i t i o n .
a
PREFERRED ACTS OF THE SALAAT
(s u N AN U - S A A A T )
r
I n a d d i t i o nt o th e P i l l a rsa n d N e ce ssar y
du t i e s a l r e a d yd i scu sse dth e re a re also
,
c e r t a i np r e f e r re d ctsto b e f u tfi l l e d n the
a i
courseof the prayer. Theseare as follows:
1. R e c i t i n g o f a n o p e n i n g su p p l i cation
(Du'a-al-lstiftaah) after the "Takbiiratil-
lhraam".
2 . P l a c i n g h e h a n d so ve rth e ch e stw hile
t
t h e p e r s o ni s in a sta n d i n gp o si ti o nwith
56
66. t h e ri g h t h a n d p l a ce do ve r th e l e ft h a n d.
3 . Ra i s i n g f b o t h h a n d su p toth e l e ve lof
o
the shouldersor near to the lobesof the
ears when saying "Takbiiratil-lhraam";
wh e n h e a d i n g l o r th e R u ku u ; w h e n
re s u m i n g s t a n di n g p o si ti o n fro m th e
Rukuu and when resuming standing
positionfrom the prostration.
4. See k i n g h e p r o te cti o n f A l l a hfro m th e
t o
c u rs e ds a t a n( o n l ya t th e sta rt o f th e fi rst
ra k a a t ) y s a y i n g:
b
"Auzu billahi minas- shaytani-r-rajiim,"
which means
"l seek Allah's refuge from the cursed
satan."
5 . Sta r t i n g t h e p ra ye r w i th th e si l e nt
invocationof "Allah (SWf)" by saying:
57
67. '' ISM ILLAHI -R.RAHMAN I -R- -
B
RAHEEM." which means
"ln the name of Allah' the
Compassionate,the M erciful."
6. S a y i n g"A me e n " u p o n co n cl u d i ng
the recitation of "Al-Fatihah".
7 . R e c i t i n g o mech a p te rs r p a ssa g esat
s o (
le a s tt h r e e ( 3 ) ve rse s) f th e H o l yOur ' an
o
atter Al-Fatihah in the first two rakaats
(un i t s )o f e a c h p ra ye r.
8. A preference that the recitationof Al-
Fatihah and of any other additional
re a d i n g s r o m th e H o l yOu r'a na re re cited
f
in a l o u d v o i c e i n th e fi rst tw o ra ka atsof
Fa j r ,M a g h r i ba n d l sh a p ra ye rs.
9 . A p r e f e r e nce a t w h e n si tti n gfo r the
th
tirstAt-Tashahud and in betweenthe two
p ro s t r a t i o n sth e
, p e rso nre stso n h i s left
f o o tf l a t t e n e d n th e g ro u n dw h i l e ke eping
o
58
68. the right foot erect with the bottomof the
t oes f i r m e d o n t h e g ro u n d .
1O.A preference practtce to At-Tawaruk
when sitting for the final At-Tashahudin
the Dh u h r ,A s r , M a g h ri b n d l sh ap ra ye rs.
a
"At-Tawaruk" is a mode of sitting,
w here i nt h e p e r so np ro tru d e s u t h i s l e ft
o
f oot f r o m u n d e r ne a th i s ri g h tl e g ,i n su ch
h
a way that the persondoesnot relaxon his
left foot.
11 . R e c i t i n g t h e f o l l o w i n g s u p p l i c a -
t ion, w h e n s i t t i n g fo r A t-T a sh a h u d ,i n
b e t we e nt h e s u p p l i ca ti o n r th e P ro p h et
fo
(PB U H ) n d t h e f i n a l w o rd s o f p e a ce :
a
,,ALLAHUMMA
INII AUDHU BIKA MIN
ADHABI JAHANAMA. WAMIN ADHABIIL
AABR. WAMIN FITNATILMAHYAA WAL-
MA-MATI, WAMIN FITNATIL MASIHID-
D A J AA L ". w h i c h me a n s-
59
69. "O Lord I seek your protection from the
torment of Jahanam (the hell fire), and
from the torment of the grave, and from
the trials of living and dying and from the
trials of the Masiih Addajaal."
The abovepointsare the preferred actsof
the prayer and all M uslims are
encouragedto preservethese practices
because their observance entitles the
person great rewards f rom "Allah
(SWf)". However, missing any of them
d o e s n e i t h e r i n va l i d a teth e sa l a a t nor
require the two prostrations of
f o r g e tu l n e s s .
f
HO W T H E S A L A A TIS P E R F OR ME D
Ha v i n g k n o wn i n d e ta i l a l l th e d i ffer ent
acts of the praYer, i.e.,its Pillars,
n e c e s s a r y u ti e s a n d p re fe rre d cts ,we
d a
s h a l ln o w d i s c u s s n b r i e fh o w t h e S a l a a t
i
is p e r f o r m e d l l o w i n g e e xa mp l e the
fo th of
P r o p h e ( P B U H )a n d i n d u e r e g a r d o h i s
t , t
60
70. f amouss a y i n g :
,,SALUU KAMA RAEYTUMUNIIUSALI'',
which means
"Perform your prayers in the same
manner you have seen me doing."
Trans m i t t e d y Al -B u kh a ri
b
W e s ha l ld i s c u s s h e p e rfo rma n ce f e a ch
t o
prayer in its properperspective.
r. " F AJR ( D AW N )P R A Y E R " .
Number of Rakaats.'Two
R e c it a t i o n 'O u r ' a n i c re ci ta ti o n si n th i s
p ra y e r a r e m a d e in a l o u d vo i ce b y th e
lm a m i n a c o n g r e g a ti o n ra ye r a n d b y
p
w h o e v e rp r a y sa l o n e .
Performance:
1. Th e p e r s o nt u r ns to w a rd sth e d i re cti o n
of the Aibbh, (the sacred Mosque at
6l
71. Makkah), intending by heart to perform
the Fajr (Dawn)prayer.
Note:
T h e p e r s o ns h o u l dn o t p ro n o u n ce i s,/her
h
in t e n t i o n o pe n l y b e ca u se n e i th er the
P r o p h e ( P B U H ) o r h i s co mp a n i o n s
t n used
t o u t t e r t h e ir i n te n ti o nfo r p ra ye r.Thus,
p r o n o u n c i n g e i n te n ti o ni n a l o u dvoice
th
is a n i n n o v a ti o n n d i s to ta l l yre j e c ted.
a
2.T h e p e r s o n e n ra i se s o thh a n d sup to
th b
t h e l e v e lo f t h e sh o u l d e rs r n e a rth e lobes
o
of the ears, pronouncesthe "Takbiiratit -
lhraam" by saying "ALLAHU AKBAR"
an d p l a c e s oth h a n d so ve rth e ch e s twith
b
t h e r i g h t h a nd o ve r th e l e ft.
B y r e c i t i n g h e " T a k b i i r a t i-l l h r a a m " . h e
t t
person thus, resolves for prayer and
enters into a state of worship and is
t h e n c e f o r t hre q u i re dto ca l l to mi n d the
majestyand glory of "Allah (SWT)" and to
62
72. dedicate his intentions, recitationsand
act io n st o H i m a l o ne u n ti l th e e n d o f th e
pray er . W h i l e p r ayi n g th e p e rso n i s
requiredto direct his eyesdownwardsat
the spot of Prostration.
3. The personthen recitesin a low voice
an o p e n i n g s u p p l i ca ti o n r th e p ra ye r.
fo
H e reb e l o wa r e t h r e e o f th e su p p l i ca ti o n s
w h ic h t h e P r o p h e( P B U H )u seto p ra cti ce
t d
an d t he M u s l i m i s e xh o rte d me mo ri ze
to
at least one of them for recitationeach
t ime a p r a y e ri s p erfo rme d :
a). "SUBHANAKA ALLAHUMMA WA
BEHAMDIKA WATABARAKA ISMOKA,
WATA'ALA JADDOKA WALA ILAHA
GHAYROKA". which means -
"Praise and glory be to Allah. Blessed be
Your name exalted be Your maiesty and
glory. There is no god but You".
63
73. b). "ALLAHUMMA BA|'D BAYNT WA
BAYNA KHATAYAYA KAMA BAA'DTA
BAYNA.AL.MASHRIKI WAL MAGHRIBI.
ALLAHUMMA NAAANIY MIN KHA-
TAYAYAKAMA YONAAA-AL-THOWBO -
ALABYADO MIN-AL.DANASI,
ALLAHUMMA IAYSILNIY MIN KHA.
TAYAYA BIL-MAI. WATHALJI,
WALBARAD".which means
"O Lord, separateme from my sinsasyou
have separated the east and west. O Lord,
cleanse me of my srns as the white robe is
cleansed from dirt. O Lord, wash away my
sins with water, snow and hail".
c). "WAJAHTU WAJHIYA LtLLADHtt
FA.'TARA-AL-SAMAWATI WAL.ARDHI
HANIIFAN MUSLIMAN WAMAA ANA
MINAL MUSHRIKIINA, INNA SALATII
WANUSUKII WAMAHYAYA WAMA-
MATII LILLAHI RABEIL'ALAMIINA LAA
SH,ARIKALAHU WABIDHALIKA UMIRTU
74. WA ,ANA MINAL-MUSLIMIINA". which
me a n s
"l turn my face to Him Who created the
heavens and the earth, as a true believer
and a Muslim, and nay, am I one of the
polytheists. Truly, my prayer and my
sacrifices, my life and my death. allbelong
to Allah, Lord of the worlds, Who has no
partner. Thisam lcommanded, and lam of
those who submit to His Will".
4. The personthen seeksthe protection
of
"Allah (SWf)" from the cursed satan by
saying "AUZO BILLAHI MTNAL
SHAYTANI-R-RAJIIM".
5. Th e p e r s o n h en si l e n tl yi n vo ke s" A l tah
t
(SWf)" by saying:
,,
B ISM IL LA H -R-RAHMAN -R-RAHIIM".
w h i c h m e a n s-
65
75. "ln the name of Allah. the all Merciful, the
all Compassionate".
The personimmediately
thereafterrecites
"AL-FATIHAH" (openingchapter of the
G lo r i o u s O u r ' a n ) i n d u e re g a rd to the
f o l l o w i n gs a y i n go f th e P ro p h e t B UH) :
(P
"Prayer without reciting the'Al-Fatihah'
is invalid". (Reported lmam Bukhari)
by
Upon completionof the "Al-Fatihah" the
pe r s o ns a y s "A me e n " l o u d l y.
6. T h e p e r s on th e n re ci te s ch a p ter s,
v er s e s o r p a ssa g e s n i mu m o f thr ee
(mi
v er s e s ) r o m t he H o l yOu r'a n .H o w e v er it
f ,
is r e c o m m e nd e d a t l o n g p a ssa g es e
th ar
re c i t e df o r t h e F a j r(D a w np ra ye r.
)
No t e :
lf the person is praying with a
i o n g r e g a t i o nb e h i n d a n l m a m ( l e a d e r )
66
76. h e , / s h e o u l da pp l yN o s.1,2 ,3 a n d 4 , a nd
w
woufd listento the lmam recitingthe "Al-
Fatihah" loudly and upon the lmam
c omp l e t i n gt s r e ci ta ti o n , e p e rso n l o ng
i th a
with the rest of the congregation would
say "Ameen" loudly after which, the
personwould apply No. 5 in a low voice.
7. Th e n ,t h e p e r so np ro ce e d s " R u ku u"
to
(b o w i n g ) o s i t i on i si n gb o th h a n d su p to
p ra
the levelof the shoulders nearthe lobesor
of the ears saying "ALLAHU AKBAR".
Wh ile i n t h i s po si ti o n , th e p e rso n is
required to excercise serenity and
t ranq u i l i t y o s i t io n i n g e h e a da n d b a ck
p th
on t h e s a m e l e ve l ,p u tti n gb o th h a n d so n
t h e kn e e s w i t h th e fi n g e rs sp re a d a nd
s ay in g t h e f o l l o w i n g w o rd s fo r a t l e ast
t h r e et i m e s :
"SUBHANA RABBIYAL A'ZM". which
m e a n s-
"Glorified is my Lord the Great."
67
77. I n a d d i t i o n w h i l e i n R u ku up o si ti o n , t is
, i
also advisable say: to
"SUBHANAKA ALLAHUMMA WA
BIHAM DIKA, ALLAHUM MA EGHFIRLII'',
wh i c h m e a n s-
"Glory be to Thee, O Allah, and praise be
to Thee, forgive me my sins".
8. Then, the person raises from the
" Ru k u u " p o s i ti o nl i fti n gb o th h a n d supto
t h e l e v e lo f t h e sh o u l d e rs r n e a rth el obes
o
of the ears saying:
''SAMI A'ALLAHU LIMAN HAMIDAH",
wh i c h m e a n s
"Allah listens to him who praises Him."
Th e p e r s o nt h e n , i mme d i a te l y ci te s
re the
following supplication while still
standing:
68
78. .'RABBANA
WA LAKA AL HAMDU
HAMD AN K A T HE E R 'A N T A Y Y IB A N
MOBARAKAN FEEHIY MILA'S
SAMAWATI WA MILA' ALARDHI WA
MILA' MA BAYNAHOMA WA MILA' MA
SHIATA MIN SHIYIN BAA'D", which
means
"Our Lord, praise be to Theeonly, praises
plentiful and blessings as to fill the
heavens, the earth, and what /s in
between, and fill that which will please
Thee besides them".
Howe v e r i f a p e r so n l l o w i n g n l ma m i n
, fo a
a c on g r e g a t i o n ap ra ye r i s n o t a b l e to
l
conrplete the above supplication it
suffices to say "RABBANA WA LAKA
ALHAMD".
It is also advisableor the lmam. the
f
f ollow e r o r o n e wh o p ra ys a l o n e to a d d
f u r t h e rt h e s u p p l i c a t i o h e r e b e l o w :
n
79. "AHLU THANAA'I WALMAJDI A-HAAU
MA AAALA ALABDU WAKULUNA LAKA
ABD, ALLAHUMMA LA MAANI'A LIMA
ADEYTA WALA M U'DIYA LIMA
MAN'ATA WALA YANFA'UDHAL-JADDI
MINKAL JADD". which means -
"You Allah who deserves all praises and
all glory, Your praising is the best and
most true of whatever Your servant can
say, we are allYour servants.Our Lord,no
one can ever depriveanything of what You
have bestowed and no one can ever give
anything of what You have deprived."
Wh i l e i n t h e sta n d i n g p o si ti o n after
Ru k u u , h e p e rso ni s a d vi se d p l a ceboth
t to
ha n d so v e rt h e ch e sti n th e sa mema nner
be f o r e b o w in g , si n ce , th i s w a s the
pr a c t i c e f t h e P ro p h e t B U H ).
o (P
9. T h e p e r s o n th e re a fte r p ro ce e dsto
prostration saying: "ALLAHU AKBAR"
a n d t o u c h i n gt h e g r o u n dw i t h t h e k n e e s
70
80. first before the hands if possible.
However,if not possible, personmay the
t ouc h t h e g r o u n dw i th th e h a n d sb e fo re
t he k n e e s . W h il e i n p ro stra ti o n ,th e
p e rs o n s h o u l d p l a ce se ve n p a rts o f th e
b o d yo n t h e g r o un d .T h e sep a rtsa re :th e
forehead, together with the nose, both
p a lm s o f t h e h an d s (fi n g e rs sh o u l d be
stretched, closed together and pointed
t owa r d st h e d i r e cti o n f th e Oi b l a h ), o th
o b
knees,the bottompartsof the toesof both
f eet (t o e s p o i n t e dto th e d i re cti o no f the
O i b l a h ) . D u r i n g t h e p r o s t r a t i o n st h e
,
p e rs o ns a y s f o r th re e ti me s o r mo re the
f o llo w i n gw o r d s :
"SUBHANA RABBIYAL A'ALA", which
means
"Glorified is my Lord the Exalted".
I t is a l s o a d v i s a b l e sa y fu rth e r:
to
7l
81. ,,SUBHANAKAALLAHUM MA RABBANA
WA BI HAMDIKA, ALLAHUMMA IGHFIR
Lll", which means
"Glory be to Thee,our Lord, and I praise be
to Thee. O Lord, forgiue me my sins"'
Wh i l e i n p r o stra ti o n i,t i s re co mmended
that the person recites as many
supplicationsas possible asking "Allah
(SWf)" for prosperity both in this worldly
lif e a n d i n t h e l i fe h e re a fte r e ca u se
b the
Prophet'(PBUsaid: H)
'When performing 'Rukuu' glorify 'Allah
,
(SW T I , b u t d u ri n gp ro stra ti o n , n d e avour
e
t o m a k ea s m an ysu p p l i ca ti o na s p o s sible
s
'Allah (SWTL'
to for supplications during
p ro s t r a t i o n a re a l mo st ce rta i n to be
a c c e p t e d . "( Re p o rte y l ma m Mu sl i m )
bd
I n v i e w o f t h e a b o vep ro p h e ti c d ition,
tra
we q u o t e h e re b e l o w so me o f the
s u p p l i c a t i o n s n d p ri va tep ra ye rsw hich
a
72
82. t h e P r o p h e t( PB U H ) se d to sa y w h i l e i n
u
pros tr a t i o n :
a.,'ALLAHUMMA LAKA SAJADTU,
WABIKA AMANTU, WALAKA ASLAMTU'
SAJADA WAJHII LILLADHII KHA-
LAAAHU FASAWARAHU FAAH.SANA
SUW A R A H I J , FA S H A A A S A M'A H U
WABAS ARA H U. FATABA RAKA. LLAH U
AHSANA-L-KHAUAllN". which means
"O Lord, to Thee I prostrate' in Thee I
believe and to Thee I submit; MY face
prostrates to He Who created and
fashioned it and made its form good and
provided it with hearing and sight; praise
be to Altah, the most excellent of
creators".
''RABBI A'DI NAFSII TAAWAHA'
b.
WAZAKIHA, ANTA KHAYRIJ-MANZA-
KAHA ANTA WALIYUHAA WAMAU-
L AH AA . " w h i c h me a n s
83. " O Lord, give my soul its
devoutnessand
purify it, for none other than Thou
can
purify it, Thou are its Lord and Master,,.
Wh i l e i n p r o s tra tl o nth e p e rso nsh ould
,
no t b r i n gt h e ha n d scl o seto th e h e a dand
should not stick the arms to the
a b d o m e nA l s o,th e p e rso nsh o u l dn e i ther
.
s t ic kt h e a b d o me n th i g h sn o rth e th ighs
to
t o l e g s . T h e a rms sh o u l d b e d i sta nced
from the body and raised up from the
g ro u n d b e c a use th e p ro p h e t (p BUH)
p ro h i b i t e d l a t te n i n gth e m o n th e g ro und
f
a c c o r d i n g o t h e fo l l o w i n gsa yi n g ;
t
"Adjust your prostration,
keep straight in
it and stretch not your hands on the
ground as dogs do". (Reporterdby lmam
Bukhari)
10. T h e p e r s o nth e re a fte rra i se s u p
the
h e a d f r o m p r o stra ti o n yi n g ,'A L L AHU
sa
AKBAR", and sits up resting on the left
f ootfl a t t e n e d n th e g ro u n dw h i l e ke e p ing
o
74
84. the right foot erect with the toes of the
right f o o t f i r m e d o n th e g ro u n d 'Wh i l e i n
t h is p o s i t i o n b o th p a l msa re to b e p l a ced
,
on the knees and the person recitesthe
f o llo w i n gs u P P l i ca ti o n :
''RA BI Y A I AH F IR L II, WA R H A MN II'
WAHDINII. WAJBIJRNII. WARZANEE'
WA'A FINEE", which means
"O my Lord, forgive me' have mercY on
me, guide me, consoleme, provide for me'
and h e a l m e . "
1 1. T h e p e r s o np ro stra te s g a i n sa yi ng
a
"ALLAHUAKBAR"andrepeatswhat was
d o n e i n t h e f i r s t P ro stra ti o n '
1 2 . f h e p e r s o nth e n ra i se s e h e a dfrom
th
" A L L A HU
t h e se c o n dp r o stra ti o n yi n gsa
AK B A R ",a n d t a ke sa si tti n gp a u se mi lar si
t o t h e P au s e b e t w e e n t h e t w o
p ro s t r a t i o n s .h i s i s a p a u sefo r re sta n d it
T
is re c o m m e n de d 't5 ke su ch a p a u s e'
to ta
85. alt h o u g ht h e r e i s n o h a rm i f o mi tte d That
.
is the endof one "Rakaat,,(unit).
13. The personthereafter,says ALLAHU
AKBAR and stands up for the second
Ra k a a tw h i c h i s p e rfo rme di n th e sam e
ma n n e r a s t h e fi rst R a ka a tw h e re b ythe
p e r s o nc o m e sup w i th a l l th e a cti o n sand
reci t a t i o n s f r o m N o s. 1 u p to 1 1 as
discussed above.
14. Upon completing the second
prostrationas discussed No. 12 above, in
the person takes a sitting for the ',At_
Tashahud" (wordsof witness)and while
in th i s p o s i t i on ,th e fi n g e rs o f th e ri ght
han da r e t o b e pl a ce d o se -fi stesa vethe
cl d
inde x f i n g e r wh i ch th e p e rso n u se s to
p o in to u t a s a n in d i ca ti o n r mo n o th e istic
fo
beli e f a l t h o u g h,th e p e rso nma y a s well
k ee p b o t h t h e li ttl e a n d th e ri n g fi n g er s
c l o s e d ,w h i l e r o u n d i n gt h e t h u m b a n d
mid d l ef i n g e r i n a ri n g -sh a p e d rm a nd
fo
us e st h e i n d e xf in g e rto p o i n to u t a s a sign
f or m o n o t h e i s ti b e l i e f. t h a sb e e nre l a ted
c l
76
86. that the Prophet(PBUH),practicedboth
these methods and it is advisable to
practicethe first methodat times and the
other methodat othertimes'The left hand
is placedon the left kneewith the f ingers
kept open.
After sitting as discussed above, the
personrecitesthe,4T-Tashahud(words of
wit n e s s )a s f o l l o w s:
''AT TAHIYYATULILAHI WASALAWATU
WATAYYIBATU ASSALAMU ALAYKA
AYUHAN-NABIYU WA RAHMATULLAHI
WA BARAKATUHU,ASALAMU ALAYNA
WA ALA IBADI-L-LAHI-S-SALIHIYN.
ASH-HADU ANLA ILAHA ILA LAHU WAH
DAHU LA SHARIKA LAHU WA ASH.HA-
DU ANNA MUHAMMADAN ABDUHU WA
RASUULUH.ALLAHUMMA SALLIYALA
MUHAMMAD WA ALA AALI
MUHAMMAD, KAMA SALAYTA ALA
IBRAHIMA, WA AALA AALI IBRAHIM.
87. INAKA HAMIDON MAJID. WA BARIK
ALAA MUHAMMAD WA ALAA AALI
MUHAMMAD KAMA BARAKTA ALA
IBRAHIMA WA ALAA AALI IERAHIM.
INAKA HAMTDONMAJtD...which means
"Greetings, prayers and our good
deeds
are for Allah. Peace,mercy and blessings
of Allah be on you O prophet. May peace
be upon us and on the devout slaves of
Allah. 'l testify that there is no god but
Allah (the person when reciting this
testimony points out the index finger as a
sign of monotheistic belief) and I testify
that Muhammad /s His slave and
messenger'. O Lord, bless Muhammad
and his family as you blessedlbrahim and
his family. You are the Most-praised, The
Most-Glorious. O Lord,bestow your grace
on Muhammad and his famity as you
bestowed it on lbrahim and hisfamily. you
a re t h e M o s t-p ra i se d , th e Mo st_
Glorious."
78
88. It is recommendedto add to the above
read i n g t h e f o l l o w i n g su p p l i ca ti o nin
whic h t h e p e rso n a sks fo r A l l a h' s
p ro t e c t i o nr o m fo u r e vi l s:
f
,'ALLAHUMMA INII AUDHU BIKA MIN
ADHABI JAHANNAMA, WA M IN
ADHABIL AABR. WAMIN FITNATIL
MAHYAA WAL-MAMATI, WAMIN
FtTNATtL MASIHID-DAJAAL". which
m e a n s-
"My Lord, I seekYourprotection from the
torment of Hell, from the torment of the
grave, from the trials in lifetime and after
death, and from the impostor Masihi-
dajaal".
Th e p e r s o n m a y a l so ma ke f u rther
s u p p l i c a t i o nts " A l l a h (S WD " a ski n gfor
o
p ro s p e r i t y o t h i n th i s l i fe a n d i n th e life
b
her e a f t e r , n d to b e sto w H i s fa vo u rson
a
h i s p a r e n t s n d o t h e rM u s l i m s T h i sw a s
a .
t h e c o n f i r m e d p ra cti ce o f th e P ro phet
79
89. (PB U H ) s r e p orte d y l b n Ma sso u d ay
a b (m
A lla h b e p l e a se d i th h i m).
w
15. H a v i n g c o mp l e te dth e A t-T a sh a hud
t he p e r s o n t e rmi n a te s th e p ra ye r by
sayingfor two times
''AS-SALAMU
ALEYKUM WA
RAHMATU-LAAH".
which mean
" Peace and mercy of Attah be upon you",
t u rn i n gt h e f a c efi rstto th e ri g h ta n dth en,
to the left.
Th a t i s t h e e n d o f th e F a j r p ra ye r.
I I . " D H U H R( N O O N ) R A Y E R "
P
Number of Rakaat: Four
Recitation: Our'anic recitations in this
p ra y e ri s m a d ei n a l o w vo i ceb y th e l mam
(lead e r )t,h e f o ll o w e rso r w h o e ve r p rays
alone.
80
90. Performahce:
1. T h e f i r s t t w o Ra ka a tso f th e D h u h r
p ra y e ra r e p e r f o r me dn th e sa mema n n e r
i
as the two Rakaats the Fajrprayerwith
of
re g a rdt o N o s .1 u pto 1 4 . H o w e ve r, n th e
i
c as eof D h u h rp r a ye r, e si tti n gi n N o . 1 4
th
re p re s e n t t h e f t r s tA t-T a sh a h u id w h i ch
s n
c a s e ,t h e p e r s o ni s re q u i re d re ci teo n l y
to
the f irst part of the words of witness up to
'"...WA
ASHADUANNA MUHAMMADAN
ABDUHU WA RASUULUHU". Mean-
while, i t i s p r e f e r re d a t, fo r th e D h u h r
th
pray er ,t h e o u r ' a ni c re ci ta ti o n s fte r th e
a
A l-F a t i h a h a r e o f me d i u m l e n g th (i .e .
n e it he rt o o s h o r t n o r to o l o n g ).
2 . Up o n c o n c l u d in g e re ci ta ti o n f th e
th o
fi rs t p a r t o l A t - T ash a h u di n N o . 1 4 , th e
person, instead of proceedingto action
No. 15 (of the Fajr prayer), stands up for
t h e t wo r e m a i n i n gR a ka a ts f th e D h u h r
o
p ra y e rw h i c h a r e a l so p e rfo rme di n th e
sa me m a n n e ra s t h e fi rst tw o .
81
91. 3 . U p o n p e r fo rmi n gN o . 1 2 i n th e four th
Rakaat,the person sits for the tinal At'
Ta s h a h u d a n d co me s u p w i th f ull
re c i t a t i o n f th e sa mea s i n N o . 1 4 of the
o
F a j r p r a y e r . h e p e rso nth e n p ro ce eds
T on
t o N o . 1 5 a n d th u s, co n cl u d e s e p rayer .
th
I I I ." A S R ( A F T E R N O O N ) A Y E R "
PR
Number of rakaats: Four
R e c i t a t i o n ' Ou r'a n i c re ci ta ti o n si n this
p r a y e r a r e ma d e i n a l o w vo i ce bY the
le a d e r( l m a m ), e fo l l o w e rs, r w h oever
th o
p r a y sa l o n e .
Performance: is performed
lt similarto the
Dhuhr ( N o o n ) r a y e ri n a l l r e s p e c t s .
p
rv . "M AG H R IB(S U N S E TP R A Y E R"
)
Three
Number of Rakaats.'
82
92. Recitation' Our'anic recitationsin this
prayer is made loudly in the first two
r ak aats b y t h e le a d e r (l ma m) o r b y
w hoeve rp r a y sa l o n e .
Performance:
1. The first two Rakaats this prayerare
of
p e rf o rm e dn t h e s a mema n n e ra s th e f i rst
i
two Rakaats of the Dhuhr prayer.
Ho wev e r ,t h e p e r so n p ra yi n gb e h i n d a n
lm a m i n a c o n g re g a ti o n s re q u i re dto
i
li s t e nt o t h e l m a m's re ci ta ti o n f th e A l -
o
Fatihah,in the first two Rakaats. Uponthe
lmam's completionof the Al-Fatihah,the
person says Ameen with the rest of the
congregation and then recitesAl-Fatihah
sile n t l yb y h i m s e l f. h e p e rso n e re a fte r,
T th
ma y no t n e e dt o r eci teOu r'a n i cp a ssa g e s
h ims el f b u t s h o u l d p a y a tte n ti o nto th e
l m a m ' sr e c i t a t i o n .
M e a n w h i l e ,O u r ' a n i cr e c i t a t i o n sn t h i s
i
prayer after the Al-Fatihah by the lmam
83
93. (or by whoeverpraysalone)may be either
long or short passages the HolyOur'an.
of
2. Upon raisingthe headfrom the second
prostration of the second Rakaat, the
personsits down for the firstAt-Tashahud
and iecites the first part of the words of
witness (i.e. upto "....wA ASHADUANNA
MUHAMMADAN ABDUHU WA
RASUULUHU").
3 . T h e p e r s o n e re a fte sta n d su p for the
th r
p e r f o r m a n ce f th e th i rd a n d l a st Rakaat
o
o f t h e M a g h ri b p ra ye ra n d u p o n raising
the head from the second prostrationof
this third Rakaat, personsits down for
the
the final At-Tashahud and recites the
w o r d s o f w i tn e ss i n fu l l .
4 . T h e p e r so nth e n co n cl u d e s e pr ayer
th
b y t h e " T a s l e e m " i . e . c t i o nN o ' 1 5 o f t h e
( a
F a j r p r a y e r ).
94. v . " l s H A ( E V E N I N G )R A Y E R "
P
Number of rakaats.'Four
Recitation' Our'anic recitations in this
pray e r i s m a d e l o u d l y i n th e fi rst tw o
Ra k a a t sb y t h e l ma m a n d b y w h o e ver
p ray sa l o n e .
Performance:
1 . Th i s p r a y e ri s p e rfo rme di n th e sa me
m a n n e ra s t h e D h u h r( N o o n a n d t h e A s r
)
( Af t er n o o n p r a y e rs.
)
H o w e v e rw h e n p r a y i n g e h i n da n l m a m ,
, b
the p e r s o n i s r e q u i re dto l i ste n to th e
lma m' sr e c i t a t i o n f th e " A L -F A T IH A H i"n
o
t he f ir s t t w o R a ka a ts. p o n th e l ma m's
U
compl e t i o n f t h e A l -F a ti h a hth e p e rso n
o
says Ameen with the rest of the
c ongre g a t i o n n d th e n re ci te s l -F a ti h a h
a A
s ilent l yb y h i m s e lf. h e p e rso nth e re a fter
T
85
95. m a y n o t n e e dto re ci teOu r'a n i cp a ssages
him s e l f b u t sh o u l d p a y a tte n ti o nto the
l m a m ' sr e c i t a t i o n .
T H E F O R G E T F U L N E S S OS T R A TIONS
PR
(SU J U U D H W)
SA
A s h u m a n be i n g s, w e a re b Y n atur e
s u b j e c t t o m i sta ke sa n d e rro rs, a nd as
m e n t i o n e d ea rl i e r, i f a p e rso n fa i ls to
pe r f o r m a n y o f th e p i l l a rs o f th e p r ayer
an d / o r n e c essa ry u ti e s, th e p e rson is
d
re q u i r e dt o me n d th e e rro r b y co mi ngup
wi t h t w o p r ostra ti o n s t th e e n d of the
a
prayer known as "Suiuud Sahw" i.e'
f o r g e t f u l n e s s p r o s t r a t i o n s ,a l t h o u g h ,
wh e r e a p i l l ar(s)s o mi tte da re p e ti tion
i of
t h e m i s s e dp i l l a r(s)s n e ce ssa ry.
i
T h e r e a r e s o me d i sa g re e me n ts e tween b
r e l i g i o u su r i s t sr e g a r d i n gh i s s u b j e c a s
j t t
t o w h e t h e r i t sh o u l db e p e rfo rme d befor e
or after the words of peace (Tasleem).
What seems to be a fair solution,
86
96. however, is that if a person made an
a ddit i o n t o t h e p ra ye r, th e n , th e tw o
prostrationsof forgetfulnessshould be
performed after reciting the Tasleem.
W hile, i f a d e d u cti o ni s ma d e fro m th e
prayer, then, the two prostrations of
forgetf u l n e s s h o ul db e p e rfo rme d e fo re
b
reciting the Tasleem. However, where
b o t h a n a d d i t i o n a n d a d e d u cti o nma y
h a v e b e e n m a d e i n th e co u rse o f th e
prayer, then, in th is case, the
f o r g e t fu I n e s s p r o s t r a t i o n s c an b e
performed before the recitation of the
words of peace(Tasleem).
V A R I O U SN S T A N C EW H E R E S U J U U D
I S "
S AHW " BE C O M E S P P A R E N T
A
A. Where a Pillar of the Prayer is Omitted
1. Whe r e ,f o r e x a mp l ea p e rso n rg e ts
, fo to
recite the "Al-Fatihah" but remembers
th e s am e b e f o r eRu ku uo r i n th e p ro ce ss
o f bow i n g ,t h e n ,t he p e rso ni s re q u i re d
to
87
97. re s u m e a p r op e r sta n d i n gp o si ti o nand
read the "Al-Fatihah" and some other
v e r s e sf r o m th e H o l y Ou r'a n a s u sual.lf
t h i s o m i s s i o no ccu re di n th e fi rst rakaat
a n d t h e p e r s o nre me mb e rs e o mi ssion
th
wh i l e i n t h e co u rseo f th e se co n dra kaat,
t h e n , t h e p e r so nsh o u l dco u n tth e second
ra k a a ta s b e i n gth e fi rst ra ka a ta n d tr eat
t h e f i r s t o n e i n w h i ch h e ,/sh emi ssedto
recite the "Al-Fatihah"as null and void.
Th e p e r s o n sh o u l d th e n P ro ce ed to
pe r f o r m o n e mo re ra ka a t to co mplete
h i s , / h e rSa l aa t a n d a t th e e n d , re ci tethe
" T a s l e e m "( w o rd so f p e a ce ) fte r w hich,
a
t h e p e r s o n co me s u P w i th th e two
pr o s t r a t i o n s f fo rg e tfu l n e ss n d again,
o a
recites the Tasleem.
2 . l f , h o w e v e r w h i l e s i t t i n gf o r t h e f i n a l
,
"At-Tashahud",(the words of witness),a
p e r s o n r e m e mb e rs th a t h e mi ss ed a
p r o s t r a t i o n , th e n th e p e rso n should
im m e d i a t e l yco me u p w i th th e m issed
p r o s t r a t i o n d si t b a cka g a i nto re peata
an
88
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