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©‫שמורות‬ ‫הזכויות‬ ‫כל‬–‫בגרות‬‫ליין‬ ‫און‬
‫השלום‬ ‫דרך‬7,‫אביב‬ ‫תל‬|‫טלפון‬:1-700-700-893|‫פקס‬:077-4702657
office@bagrutonline.co.il :‫דוא"ל‬ | www.bagrutonline.co.il :‫אתר‬
‫הסתברות‬
(804 ‫שאלון‬ ‫־‬ ‫תשע"ג‬ ‫חורף‬ ‫מבגרות‬ ‫)שאלה‬
.‫ולבנים‬ ‫שחורים‬ ‫כדורים‬ ‫יש‬ C ‫ו־‬ B ,A ‫קופסאות‬ ‫בשלוש‬
.‫לבנים‬ ‫כדורים‬ 3 ‫ו־‬ ‫שחורים‬ ‫כדורים‬ 2 ‫יש‬ A ‫בקופסה‬
.‫לבנים‬ ‫כדורים‬ 2 ‫ו־‬ ‫שחורים‬ ‫כדורים‬ 3 ‫יש‬ B ‫בקופסה‬
.‫לבן‬ ‫כדור‬ 1 ‫ו־‬ ‫שחורים‬ ‫כדורים‬ 4 ‫יש‬ C ‫בקופסה‬
.‫אחד‬ ‫כדור‬ ‫באקראי‬ ‫ממנה‬ ‫ומוציאים‬ ,‫קופסה‬ ‫באקראי‬ ‫בוחרים‬ .‫א‬
?‫לבן‬ ‫כדור‬ ‫להוציא‬ ‫ההסתברות‬ ‫מהי‬ (1)
?B ‫מקופסה‬ ‫הוצא‬ ‫שהכדור‬ ‫ההסתברות‬ ‫מהי‬ .‫לבן‬ ‫כדור‬ ‫שהוצא‬ ‫ידוע‬ (2)
‫ההסתברות‬ ‫מהי‬ .‫החזרה‬ ‫בלי‬ ‫זה‬ ‫אחר‬ ‫זה‬ ‫כדורים‬ 2 ‫באקראי‬ ‫מוציאים‬ C ‫מקופסה‬ .‫ב‬
?‫לבן‬ ‫כדור‬ C ‫בקופסה‬ ‫נותר‬ ‫לא‬ ‫הכדורים‬ ‫הוצאת‬ ‫שאחרי‬
1
©‫שמורות‬ ‫הזכויות‬ ‫כל‬–‫בגרות‬‫ליין‬ ‫און‬
‫השלום‬ ‫דרך‬7,‫אביב‬ ‫תל‬|‫טלפון‬:1-700-700-893|‫פקס‬:077-4702657
office@bagrutonline.co.il :‫דוא"ל‬ | www.bagrutonline.co.il :‫אתר‬
‫הסתברות‬
:‫הכדורים‬ ‫לבחירת‬ ‫האפשרויות‬ ‫את‬ ‫המתאר‬ ‫עץ‬ ‫נבנה‬ .‫א‬
A
1
3
C
1
3
black white black
1
3
B
black white white
2
5
3
5
3
5
2
5
4
5
1
5
:‫ההסתברויות‬ ‫את‬ ‫נחבר‬ ,‫לבן‬ ‫כדור‬ ‫להוצאת‬ ‫אפשרויות‬ ‫שלוש‬ ‫יש‬ .(1)
P(white ball) = P(A) · P(white) + P(B) · P(white) + P(C) · P(white)
P(white ball) = 1
3 · 3
5 + 1
3 · 2
5 + 1
3 · 1
5 = 2
5
.2
5 ‫היא‬ ‫לבן‬ ‫כדור‬ ‫להוצאת‬ ‫ההסתברות‬
:‫מותנית‬ ‫הסתברות‬ .(2)
P(ball from B|white ball) =
1
3 · 2
5
2
5
= 1
3
:‫הן‬ ‫האפשרויות‬ ‫ולכן‬ ‫בלבד‬ ‫אחד‬ ‫לבן‬ ‫כדור‬ C ‫בקופסה‬ .‫ב‬
P(white, black) = 1
5 · 4
4 = 1
5 ‫־‬ ‫שחור‬ ,‫לבן‬ •
P(black, white) = 4
5 · 1
4 = 1
5 ‫־‬ ‫לבן‬ ‫שחור‬ •
.2
5 ‫היא‬ ‫הכוללת‬ ‫ההסתברות‬ ‫ולכן‬
2

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804 - הסתברות לדוגמה

  • 1. ©‫שמורות‬ ‫הזכויות‬ ‫כל‬–‫בגרות‬‫ליין‬ ‫און‬ ‫השלום‬ ‫דרך‬7,‫אביב‬ ‫תל‬|‫טלפון‬:1-700-700-893|‫פקס‬:077-4702657 office@bagrutonline.co.il :‫דוא"ל‬ | www.bagrutonline.co.il :‫אתר‬ ‫הסתברות‬ (804 ‫שאלון‬ ‫־‬ ‫תשע"ג‬ ‫חורף‬ ‫מבגרות‬ ‫)שאלה‬ .‫ולבנים‬ ‫שחורים‬ ‫כדורים‬ ‫יש‬ C ‫ו־‬ B ,A ‫קופסאות‬ ‫בשלוש‬ .‫לבנים‬ ‫כדורים‬ 3 ‫ו־‬ ‫שחורים‬ ‫כדורים‬ 2 ‫יש‬ A ‫בקופסה‬ .‫לבנים‬ ‫כדורים‬ 2 ‫ו־‬ ‫שחורים‬ ‫כדורים‬ 3 ‫יש‬ B ‫בקופסה‬ .‫לבן‬ ‫כדור‬ 1 ‫ו־‬ ‫שחורים‬ ‫כדורים‬ 4 ‫יש‬ C ‫בקופסה‬ .‫אחד‬ ‫כדור‬ ‫באקראי‬ ‫ממנה‬ ‫ומוציאים‬ ,‫קופסה‬ ‫באקראי‬ ‫בוחרים‬ .‫א‬ ?‫לבן‬ ‫כדור‬ ‫להוציא‬ ‫ההסתברות‬ ‫מהי‬ (1) ?B ‫מקופסה‬ ‫הוצא‬ ‫שהכדור‬ ‫ההסתברות‬ ‫מהי‬ .‫לבן‬ ‫כדור‬ ‫שהוצא‬ ‫ידוע‬ (2) ‫ההסתברות‬ ‫מהי‬ .‫החזרה‬ ‫בלי‬ ‫זה‬ ‫אחר‬ ‫זה‬ ‫כדורים‬ 2 ‫באקראי‬ ‫מוציאים‬ C ‫מקופסה‬ .‫ב‬ ?‫לבן‬ ‫כדור‬ C ‫בקופסה‬ ‫נותר‬ ‫לא‬ ‫הכדורים‬ ‫הוצאת‬ ‫שאחרי‬ 1
  • 2. ©‫שמורות‬ ‫הזכויות‬ ‫כל‬–‫בגרות‬‫ליין‬ ‫און‬ ‫השלום‬ ‫דרך‬7,‫אביב‬ ‫תל‬|‫טלפון‬:1-700-700-893|‫פקס‬:077-4702657 office@bagrutonline.co.il :‫דוא"ל‬ | www.bagrutonline.co.il :‫אתר‬ ‫הסתברות‬ :‫הכדורים‬ ‫לבחירת‬ ‫האפשרויות‬ ‫את‬ ‫המתאר‬ ‫עץ‬ ‫נבנה‬ .‫א‬ A 1 3 C 1 3 black white black 1 3 B black white white 2 5 3 5 3 5 2 5 4 5 1 5 :‫ההסתברויות‬ ‫את‬ ‫נחבר‬ ,‫לבן‬ ‫כדור‬ ‫להוצאת‬ ‫אפשרויות‬ ‫שלוש‬ ‫יש‬ .(1) P(white ball) = P(A) · P(white) + P(B) · P(white) + P(C) · P(white) P(white ball) = 1 3 · 3 5 + 1 3 · 2 5 + 1 3 · 1 5 = 2 5 .2 5 ‫היא‬ ‫לבן‬ ‫כדור‬ ‫להוצאת‬ ‫ההסתברות‬ :‫מותנית‬ ‫הסתברות‬ .(2) P(ball from B|white ball) = 1 3 · 2 5 2 5 = 1 3 :‫הן‬ ‫האפשרויות‬ ‫ולכן‬ ‫בלבד‬ ‫אחד‬ ‫לבן‬ ‫כדור‬ C ‫בקופסה‬ .‫ב‬ P(white, black) = 1 5 · 4 4 = 1 5 ‫־‬ ‫שחור‬ ,‫לבן‬ • P(black, white) = 4 5 · 1 4 = 1 5 ‫־‬ ‫לבן‬ ‫שחור‬ • .2 5 ‫היא‬ ‫הכוללת‬ ‫ההסתברות‬ ‫ולכן‬ 2