2. INTRODUCTION
HISTORY Of R&D On NEEM
GLOBAL RECOGNITION Of NEEM
ACTIVE PRINCIPLEs & APPLICABLE
PLANTPARTs
HOW NEEM Is Better than CHEMICAL
PESTICIDEs ?
MODE Of ACTION
3. EXAMPLEs Of PESTs according to
MODE Of ACTION
COMPATIBILITY
EXAMPLEs with DOSAGE Of SOME
NEEM BASED BOTANICAL
PESTICIDE
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
4. Agriculture had to face the destructive activity
of numerous pests like fungi, weeds, insects, etc.
from time immemorial; leading to radical yield
losses .
Though with the advent of chemical pesticides
this crisis to a great extent became resolved but
reliance on synthetic chemicals to pest control
has also given rise to a number of problems such
as pesticide resistance, pest resurgance, residual
toxicity, adverse effect on natural enimies of
pests, direct toxicity to ploughmen .
CONTD. -
5. That’s why botanicals like neem has now
become necessary to find out a sustainable
alternative means for pest control which
can minimize indiscriminate usage of
chemical pesticides due to its endowed
multifarious features of pesticidal activities
like repellancy, antifeedance, IGR, ovicidal,
antifungal and so on .
6. In modern era usage of neem based
botanical pesticides is not found only in
organic farming but also in intensive
agriculture with GAPs(Good Agrl.
Practices) and is gaining momentum in
IPM.
7. Use of dried leaves between folds of cloths to ward
off stored grain pests is an age-old practice .
By 1960, it was established from IARI that the
bioactive principles of Neem were exudable in
organic solvents .
In 1962, IARI’s entomologists reported a
breakthrough observation on its insecticidal
application . Antifeedance & repellancy effect firstly
reported on Desert Locust (Schistocerca gregaria)
and even the experimental success with neem on
given locust drew the global attention & aroused
keen interest especially due to their coincidence with
8. the publication of the “Silent Spring” by
American Biologist Mrs. Rachel Carson .
Besides locust it was further reported on BPH
(Nilaparvata lugens) & RLF(Cnaphalocrosis
medinalis) .
Later on, the effects due to IGR type of activity
were reported on DBM (Plutella maculipennis
syn. P. xylostella), Bollworms(H. armigera , P.
gossypiella), Epilachna varivestis respectively .
9. Recently ovipositional deterance & ovicidal
effect of neem on pests have been reported .
It has also been recently reported that more
than 500 insect-pest specieses become
susceptible to neem .
10. The observation of IARI’s scientists on the
activity of neem received initially a
lukewarm response from global community.
While validation trials carried out by
different national & international groups
yielded inconsistant result; confirmation of
the activity by group of Prof. Schmutterer,
H. in Germany sparked the interest of
global community on given versatile tree .
11. Two IARI research bulletines “Neem in
Agriculture” in year of 1983 & 1993
respectively; consolidated the progress made
world over . Neem Newsletter initiated by
IARI in 1984 and published quaterly sustained
the involvement of global community .
The tree’s global recognition was borne out by
“Neem: A Tree for Solving Global Problems”, a
NAS(National Academy of Science, US)
publication by 1992 .
12. Subsequently two another publication
“Neem Research & Development” (1993) &
“The Neem Tree” (1995) projected the
potential of the plant .
Following these large number of pest
control products became prevalent in
international markets. Several of them are
now registered in US and other countries
for diverse applications in agriculture .
13. Nearly 100 protolimonoids, limnoids cum
tetranortriterpenoids, pentanor-triterpenoids,
hexanortriterpenoids, and some non-
terpenoids have been isolated from various
plantparts . However azadirachtin belonging to
limonoids has been found to be most important
bioactive component .
All plantparts are useful but NSKs are most
effective .
14. Ecofriendly due to be biodegradable & non-
pollutable because of no residual toxicity and
quitely safety for natural enemies .
Economical because of abundant availability of
the plant & due to be easier cheaper technique
for isolation of active ingrediants .
More Effective – it can affect adversely on eggs
where chemical pesticides become failure .
MHI – It has MHI for only three days .
15. No pesticide resistance – neem oil contains
multiple active ingredient in difficult
concentration which act simultaneously;
thus make the resistance development,
virtually impossible for pests .
21. Pathological Pests :-
Pests responsible for Rots, Blights, Mildews,
Rusts, Leafspots, Scab; are susceptable to
neem .
Entopathological Pests :-
Meloidogyne incognita
M. javanica Rotylenchulus reniformis
M. graminicola Protylenchus sp.
22. Neem based botanical pesticides
show the compatibility with all
major groups of chemical
pesticides .
23. Tech’l. Name Trade Name Dosage
AZA. 300ppm. Nimbecidine, Niconeem,
Econeem, Trasconeem,
Multineem
50 ml/Ltr. of water
AZA. 1500ppm. Nimbecidine, Niconeem,
Achook, Neemarin, Neemaray
10 ml/Ltr. of water
AZA. 3000ppm. Nimbecidine, Niconeem,
Trascoultineem
5 ml/Ltr. of water
AZA. 10000ppm. Nimbecidine, Niconeem,
Multinemor, Neemazol–T/S,
Neemarin
3 ml/Ltr. of water
AZA. 50000ppm. Nimbecidine Plus, Neemarin,
Neemazol-F
1 ml/Ltr. of water
Neemate 10G 4 kg/Acre
24. Fungicides in Plant Disease Control – Y. L. Nene &
P. N. Thapliyal ; 2nd. Edition ; Oxford & IBH
Publishing Co. ; pp. 507
Plant Disease – R. S. Singh ; 5th. Edition ; Oxford &
IBH Publishing Co. ; pp. 608
25. Dr. Anil Kr. Chowdhury , Ex-Prof.
in BCKV & our respective class
teacher
Mr. A. N. Das W.B.A.S. (Admn.)
