The document defines key grammatical terms: a sentence expresses a complete thought using words combined in a pattern, a phrase is a group of words that does not have a subject and verb and can be a noun, adjective, or adverb, and a noun phrase has a noun or pronoun as its head word and often functions as the subject or object of a verb. The document was presented by Asif Iqbal and Rabia Sufi for their post-graduate diploma in English literature at the University of Punjab in Lahore.