Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal paradoxes John AshmeadTemporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead 1 http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 1

CBS News: March 16, 2011 1:39 am Can atom smasher double as time machine? Inside the Large Hadron Collider. A view of the CMS, or Compact Muon Solenoid (Credit: SteMaximilien Brice/CERN)Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead 2 http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 2

Basic equation General relativity + Quantum mechanics Time machineTemporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead 3 http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 3

Why look at this? •Interesting question •Sheds light on both general relativity & quantum mechanics •May help reconcile themTemporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead 4 http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 4

A, B, & C meet at P tC tA tB•A at rest•B going right, B says P & Q are “now” xB e nt R res ’s p•C going left, C says B A’s presentx P & R are “now” A C’s pres Q ent•Are Q & R both P xC “now”???Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead 5 http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 5

General relativity •Time is variable •Wormholes •Paradoxes •Consistency principlesTemporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead 6 http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 6

Time is variable •Time dilation •Gravitational red shift •Frame draggingTemporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead 7 http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 7

Relativistic time dilation •At high speeds, particles seem to be using slower clocks •We seem slower to them •Subtracts 7 ms/ day from GPS clocksTemporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead 8 http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 8

Gravitational red shift •Photon swimming up stream loses energy •Looks as if time is slower on surface •Adds 45ms/day to GPS clocksTemporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead 9 http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 9

Gravity Probe BTemporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead 10 http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 10

Very massive ballerinasTemporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead 11 http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 11

Wormholes •Can be used for faster than light travel •Built using black holes & math glue •Can be used as time machines •And as billiard tableTemporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead 12 http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 12

Wormholes, Time Machines, and the Weak Energy Condition Morris, Thorne, & YurtseverTemporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead 13 http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 13

Wormhole time machine Relativistic speed Enormous gravityTemporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead 14 http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 14

Billiards with wormholes Future mouth 1 Past mouth 2 15Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 15

Paradoxes •Grandfather paradoxes •Bootstrap paradoxes •Plausibility paradoxesTemporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead 16 http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 16

Grandfather paradoxes 1’ 3 Future mouth 1 Past mouth 2Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead 17 http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 17

Bootstrap paradoxes Future mouth Where did the billiard ball come from? Past mouth ?Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead 18 http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 18

Plausibility paradoxes Billiard ball hits itself just hard Future mouth enough that it 1’ hits itself just hard enough that it … 1 Past mouth 2Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead 19 http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 19

Chronology Protection Agency It seems that there is a Chronology Protection Agency which prevents the appearance of closed timelike curves and so makes the universe safe for historians. — Stephen HawkingTemporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead 20 http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 20

Weak energy condition •If averaged energy positive, no wormholes •But, beware of quantum ﬂuctuations, •black swans, •and circular arguments.Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead 21 http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 21

Novikov consistency conjecture …the only solutions to the laws of physics that can occur locally in the real Universe are those which are globally self-consistent. — Igor NovikovTemporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead 22 http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 22

Quantum mechanics •LHC may produce time machines •Quantum mechanics •Typology of time machinesTemporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead 23 http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 23

Large Hadron Collider & Time Machines •Evanescent wormholes •Higgs singletsTemporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead 24 http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 24

Three papers •If LHC is a Mini-Time-Machines Factory, Can We Notice? — Mironov, Morozov, & Tomaras •Time Machine at the LHC — Aref’eva, Volovich •Causality violating Higgs Singlets at the LHC — Ho, WeilerTemporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead 25 http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 25

Mironov, Morozov, & Tomaras •Frequency ﬁltration 0 or more time circuits •Unexpectedly energetic particles •Accelerated aging •Perceived unitarity violations •Collective effectsTemporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead 26 http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 26

Quantum mechanics •Single slit & double slit experiments •Sum over paths •Measurement problemTemporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead 27 http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 27

Single slit experiment •Granular in small •Smooth in large •Some diffraction from edgesTemporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com 28Monday, March 21, 2011 28

Double slit experiment •Interference pattern is present but is emergent, not obvious •Attempts to see “which slit” the photon went thru will destroy the interferenceTemporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead 29 http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 29

Sum over pathsTemporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead 30 http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 30

Different rules for particles & us? Aren’t we made of particles?Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead 31 http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 31

Typology of time machines 0 or more time circuits•Self-consistency•Time travel or mere retrodiction•Mechanism•Role of observerTemporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead 26 32 http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 32

Very simple time machine •Requirements •Construction of the time machine •The world matrix •ApplicationsTemporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead 33 http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 33

Requirements 1) Locally reasonable Free will 2) Globally self-consistent No paradoxes 3) Really is a time machine Not just retrodiction 4) No magic Includes observerTemporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead 34 http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 34

Mark I Time Machine Lab World Control Time Loop Effect Mysterious Stuff Decision MeasurementTemporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead 35 http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 35

Four cases Decision Effect Success, regardless Failure, regardless Self-fulfilling prophecy Self-defeating prophecyTemporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead 36 http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 36

Time machine, lab, & world qubits QT ⊗ QL Control QL ⊗ QW Effect QL ⊗ QW Decision QT ⊗ QL MeasurementTemporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead 37 http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 37

The world as matrix  0 0   1 1  S= F=  1 1    0 0    W00 W01  W =  QW  W10  W11    1 0   0 1  O=  P=  0 1   1 0    q0  QW =    q1   Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead 38 http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 38

Quantizing the world •For success & failure, there is no impact of the decision: the decision qubit is lost in the environment. •For self-fulﬁlling (O), the quantum mechanical matrix is 1, which passes up and down through. •For self-defeating (P), the quantum mechanical matrix is the spin-x matrix, which ﬂips up & down.Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead 39 http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 39

A Market for Paradox Day 1 Day 2 Day 7 Day 8 Up Down Bubble! Crash! … Buy Sell Buy 50/50Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead 40 http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 40

Applications •Tests of the intersection of general relativity & quantum mechanics •Implications for quantum computing •Deeper understanding of philosophic issuesTemporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead 41 http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 41

Radical conservatism Lab World Time Loop + =Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead 42 http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 42

Thanks! •Brent Warner •Ferne Cohen Welch •NASA •Jonathan Smith, Ed & Marguerite Rutkowski, Walt Mankowski, Tom Purdom, Mark Wolverton, David Bertanni, Graham Ashmead, Shelley Handen, Bruce Bloom,…Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead 43 http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 43

Author Title Year Thorne Black Holes & Time Warps 1994 Visser Lorentzian Wormholes 1994 Time machines : time travel in physics, Nahin 1997 metaphysics, and science ﬁction Gott Time Travel in Einstein’s Universe 2001 Introduction to Quantum Mechanics: a Tannor 2007 time dependent perspective Toomey The New Time Travelers 2007 Carroll From Eternity to Here 2010Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead 44 http://www.timeandquantummechanics.comMonday, March 21, 2011 44

Temporal Paradoxes

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