UGC NET Paper 1 Mathematical Reasoning & Aptitude.pdf
Colours of India- Its culture and Values
1. INDIA “The Ancient, The eternal & the Ever New” By:- Ajay Kumar Bansal Undergraduate Student Department of Civil Engineering I.I.T.Roorkee-247667 India
11. A Sikh as Prime MinisterMajor Religion is Hinduism(80%)
12. Fundamental Rights & Duties Right to Equality Right to Freedom Right against Exploitation Right to freedom of Religion Cultural & Educational Right Right to Constitutional Remedies Right to information Various Fundamental Duties have also been listed out in the Constitution for the citizens to respect the national symbols of India, including the Constitution, to cherish its heritage, preserve its culture and assist in its defence.
13. History of India History goes back atleast 5000 years. Earliest Civilisation on Earth-Indus Valley Civilisation. Achieved independence from British Rule on 15th August 1947. Became a Republic on 26th January 1950.
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15. The Great Himalayas Highest Mountains of the world K2 – Second Highest Peak is in India(8611 m) Source of all major Indian rivers like Ganga, Yamuna, Brahmputra (TsangPo) Many Religious Sites located in Himalyas
16. The River Ganga Indian Civilisation Developed around River Ganga. 2506 Km long. Worshipped as Mother Ganga. Many religious sites like Haridwar, Banaras, Patna & Prayag on its bank. Ganga-TsangPo delta largest delta in World.
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18. The Great Indian DesertThar Desert Lies in Western India and Pakistan. My hometown- very close to Desert. Once fertile and irrigated by mighty river Saraswati. Part of Ancient Indus Valley Civilisation.
19. The Coastal Plains Total Coastline of 7517 Km. Famous Beaches like Goa and Lakshadweep. Only country to have a ocean named after it – The Indian Ocean.
20. Dances of India Every Region has its own dance Major Dances are Bharat Natyam, Kathak, Odissi, Manipuri, Kathakalietc. Folk dances of every region and people. Various dances like Bhangra, Dandia, Bihu, Jhoomar, Ghoomar etc.
23. Languages Old Indian Saying “ In India water changes every kilometre and language changes every 5 kilometres.” 22 Languages recognized in constitution of India. ‘Hindi’ most important Language English spoken and understood by large no. of People. Other important languages- Tamil, Telegu, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Urdu, Punjabi etc.
26. Importance of Cow Worshipped as Mother Cow. India has largest no. Of Cows in world. Reared for Milk. Even Cow Dung used as manure and fuel in villages.
27. Temple Elephant & Snakes India is land of Snakes and Elephants Great Indian Cobra- Most Poisonous Snake Snake Charmers- People who keep snake for living Elephant- Symbol of Lord Ganesha.
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29. Festivals of India HOLI Spring Festival People apply colours on each others face. A symbol of joy, unity and harmony.
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31. Dussehra Victory of Good over Bad Celebrated on 10th of Hindu month Ashwin. Lord Ram killed the great demon and King Raavan of Lanka on this day. Ram’s army build huge bridge over sea to reach Lanka.
32. Deepawali The festival of Light Most Important Festival Lord Ram returned home after 14 years in forests. Celebrated 20 days after Dussehra. People worship Goddess Luxmi, the goddess of money.
33. Navratri Celebrated for Nine days before Dussehra In Many parts of India Dussehra is celebrated as DurgaPooja (worship of Goddess Durga)
34. Other Festivals Onam – The Indian Boat Festival. Eid – The festival of Muslims. Rakhi – Sisters tie thread on hand of Brothers as a symbol of love & brothers vow to protect her for all her life. Guru Purab– Birth Anniversary of Guru Nanak Dev.
36. Facts about TajMahal Voted First In New Seven Wonders of the World. Built by Mughal Emperor Shahjahan in memory of his most beloved wife MumtazMahal. Tomb of Mumtaz & Shahjahan. Built of white Marble. Stands on the Bank of River Yamuna. Earliest known structure on Well Foundation.
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38. Bollywood Hollywood- but in Mumbai. Refers to Mumbai based Hindi Language Cinema Term Bollywood originated in 1970s, when India overtook America as largest producer of Movies. Watched all over world, specially Former Soviet States, South Asia, Africa, East Asia, Europe and America.
39. Cricket Most Popular Sport in India. Played mainly in commonwealth countries. Second most watched sport after football. A game may be of 3 hours or even 5 days. Each team has 11 players. India world champion in 1984 & 2006. SachinTendulkar- The greatest Icon of Cricket.
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41. Temples of India Tanjore Temple Rath Temple Shore Temple Khajuraho Temple
50. Vedas & Gita Vedas- Ancient most knowledge of civilised world. Hindus believe them to be of Divine origin. Four Vedas- 1. Rig Ved 2. YajurVed 3. Sam Ved 4. AtharvaVed Upanishadas and Purans – other Books of Wisdom.
51. BhagwatGita Words of Lord Krishna himself during mythological battle of Mahabharat. Lord Krishna teaches Arjun about right behavior, duties and Karma. National Book of India.
52. Gods of India In ancient times it was believed that there are 330 million living beings. This gave rise to belief that there are 330 million forms of God. A Hindu deity represent a particular aspect of Super Being. Supreme is Brahma-Vishnu- Mahesh. Brahma- Creator of Universe. Vishnu-Maintain the Universe. Mahesh- The Destroyer.
53. Avatars- Incarnation of God Hindu belief- God comes to earth whenever there is a loss of Dharma(Right) and increase in Adharma(evil or unrighteousness.) Ten Avatars of God. Translation “Whenever & wherever there is a decline in righteousness , I descend upon earth to restore the order”
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57. Indian Institute of Technology Seven Indian Institute of Technologys(I.I.T.) Vision of JawaharLal Nehru – First Prime Minister of India. I.I.T.Mumbai I.I.T.Kanpur I.I.T.Delhi I.I.T.Roorkee I.I.T.Kharagpur I.I.T.Guwahati I.I.T.Chennai
58. Indian Institute of Technology One of the finest technical colleges of World. Each I.I.T. an independent university. President Obama praised IITians in his speech. Unfortunately many IIT graduates leave India for jobs in America, but the trend is decreasing with development of India.
59. I.I.T.Roorkee Built in 1847 as Thomson College of Engineering. Oldest Technical College of Asia. 365 Acre Campus. Degree in over 50 Engineering Disciplines. Department of Civil Engineering oldest & finest in India.
62. Even though the world has just discovered it, the India growth story is not new. It has been going on for 25 years old
63. India Story 1) Rising GDP growth % average annual GDP growth 1900 – 1950 1.0 1950 – 1980 3.5 1980 – 2002 6.0 2002 – 2006 8.0 Sources: 1900-1990: Angus Maddison (1995), Monitoring the World Economy, 1990-2000:Census of India (2001), 2000-2005 Finance Ministry
64. India Story 2) Population growth is slowing % average annual growth 1901 – 1950 1.0 1951 – 1980 2.2 1981 – 1990 2.1 1991 – 2000 1.8 2001 – 2010 1.5 Sources: 1900-1990: Angus Maddison (1995), Monitoring the World Economy, 1990-2000:Census of India (2001)
65. % 1950 17 1990 52 2000 65 2010 (proj) 80 Source: Census of India (2001) India Story 3. Literacy is rising
66. 1980 46% 2000 26% 2010 (proj) 16% 1% of the people have been crossing poverty line each year for 20 years. Equals ~ 200 million. 5. Poverty is declining India Story
68. DRIVERS OF GROWTH IndiaEast and S.E. Asia Domestic Exports Services Manufacturing Consumption Investment High tech, capital Low tech, labour intensive industry intensive industry
69. Reasons for SuccessIndia’s success is market led whereas China’s is state induced. The entrepreneur is at centre of the Indian model
70. India has law, China has order-India got democracy before capitalism and this has made all the difference-It will be slower than China but its path is sure.-India will grow while preserving its way of life
71. “By 2010 end India will have world’s largest number of English speakers”“When 300 million Indians speak a word in a certain way, that will be the way to speak it.”-Prof. David Crystal, Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language
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73. For any Further Information Ajay Kumar Bansal Room No. 114 Building No. 14 Beijing Jiaotong University E-mail: ajay.bansal01@gmail.com QQ id: 1427787293
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