1. Volcanoes

2. Seismogram 3 types of waves

3. P- waves (Primary, Compression)

4. S- waves (Secondary, Shear)

6. Surface waves

7. How do we know about the Core?

8. S-waves S-wave Shadow

9. S-waves

12. Types of Volcanoes Shield Volcano Stratovolcano/Composite Volcano Cinder Cone 9 km 3 km 0.3 km

13. Shield volcano 150 km

15. Shield Volcanoes on Mars: Olympus Mons

16. Stratovolcano

17. Stratovolcano Alternating Layers of Lava flows & Pyroclastic deposits AKA Composite Volcano

18. Flows don’t go as far from vent Lava is more viscous Higher Silica (~55-65%) More volatile gases in lava Stratovolcanoes / Composite Volcanoes

20. Caldera = basin-shaped depression e.g., Crater Lake (Mount Mazama) Oregon

21. Yellowstone Caldera

22. Cinder Cone Diamond Valley, UT Small in size Pyroclastic Material- Fall Steep Slopes

23. SP Crater, Arizona

25. Pyroclastic flows

26. 1902- Mt. Pelée, Martinique, Caribbean St. Pierre

27. Before the eruption

28. After the eruption 20,000 inhabitants were killed

29. Mt St Helens lahars

30. Mt St Helens lahars