2. • Arteries are vessels that carry blood away from the heart . The coronary arteries are the first blood
vessels that branch off from the ascending aorta . The coronary arteries extend from the aorta to the
heart walls supplying blood to the atria , ventricles , and septum of the heart.
3. FUNCTION
• The coronary arteries supply oxygenated and
nutrient filled blood to the heart muscle. There
are two main coronary arteries: right coronary
artery and left coronary artery. Other arteries
diverge from these two main arteries and
extend to the bottom portion of the heart.
4. • There are two main coronary arteries: right coronary artery and left coronary artery:
• Right Coronary Artery - Supplies oxygenated blood to the walls of the ventricles and the right atrium.
• Posterior Descending Artery - Supplies oxygenated blood to the inferior wall of the left ventricle and the inferior
portion of the septum
• Left Main Coronary Artery - Directs oxygenated blood to the left anterior descending artery and the left
circumflex.
• Left Anterior Descending Artery - Supplies oxygenated blood to the anterior portion of the septum as well as to
the walls of the ventricles and the left atrium (front region of the heart).
• Left Circumflex Artery - Supplies oxygenated blood to the walls of the ventricles and the left atrium (back region
of the heart).
5. Risk factors for coronary artery disease
• Age.
• Sex. Men are generally at greater risk of coronary artery disease. However, the
risk for women increases after menopause.
• Family history. A family history of heart disease is associated with a higher risk
of coronary artery disease, especially if a close relative developed heart
disease at an early age. Your risk is highest if your father or a brother was
diagnosed with heart disease before age 55, or your mother or a sister
developed it before age 65.
• Smoking. Nicotine constricts your blood vessels, and carbon monoxide can
damage their inner lining, making them more susceptible to atherosclerosis.
• High blood pressure. Uncontrolled high blood pressure can result in hardening
and thickening of your arteries, narrowing the channel through which blood
can flow.
• High blood cholesterol levels. High levels of cholesterol in your blood can
increase the risk of formation of plaques and atherosclerosis.
• Diabetes.
• Obesity.
• Physical inactivity. Lack of exercise also is associated with coronary artery
disease and some of its risk factors, as well.
• High stress.
6. • Coronary artery disease develops when your coronary arteries become damaged or diseased.
Cholesterol-containing deposits (plaque) on your arteries are usually to blame for coronary artery
disease. When plaques build up, they narrow your coronary arteries, causing your heart to receive less
blood. Eventually, the decreased blood flow may cause coronary artery disease signs and symptoms. A
complete blockage can cause a heart attack.
7. TREATMENT
• Lifestyle.- changes have been shown to be effective in reducing (and in the case of diet, reversing):
• Decrease psychosocial
• Medications
• Surgery
• Coronary artery bypass
• Heart transplant
• Non-surgical
• Coronary angioplasty
8. HEART FAILURE
• Heart failure, occurs when the heart is unable to
provide sufficient pump action to
distribute blood flow to meet the needs of the
body.[Heart failure can cause a number of
symptoms including shortness of breath leg
swelling, and exercise intolerance.
9. HEART ATTACK
• Myocardial infarction commonly known as a
heart attack , results from the interruption of
blood supply to a part of the heart , causing
heart cells to die. This is most commonly due to
occlusion (blockage) of a coronary artery
following the rupture of a vulnerable
atherosclerotic plaque , which is an unstable
collection of lipids and white blood cells
(macrophages ) in the wall of an artery . The
resulting ischemia and ensuing oxygen shortage
, if left untreated for a sufficient period of
time, can cause damage or death ( infarction ) of
heart muscle tissue .
10. Issue In Ecuador
• According to the latest WHO data published in
April 2011 Coronary Heart Disease Deaths in
Ecuador reached 4,385 or 7.50% of total deaths.
The age adjusted Death Rate is 39.85 per
100,000 of population ranks Ecuador #186 in the
world.
