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1. Agriculture Sector Analysis:
Critical Issues

2. Agriculture Sector
Five subsectors:
Major crops, Minor crops, Livestock,
Fisheries, Forestry.
Share in agriculture's contribution to
GDP (%)
1981/82 2002/03 2007/08
Major crops 51.87 40.64 34.51
Minor crops 17.22 15.90 11.01
Livestock 26.23 38.9 51.19
Fisheries 3.53 3.48 2.20
Forestry 1.02 1.13 1.15

3. Major Issues
• Land Holdings
• Cropping Pattern
• Input Availability
• Production, Yield and Procurement
• Agriculture Pricing Policy
• Agriculture Taxation
• Agriculture Finance
• Agriculture and WTO

4. Land Utilization, 1947-2008(m hectares, with a total area of 79.61 m
hectares)
Not Area sown Total
Reported available for total area more than cropped
Year a area cultivation cultivated once area
1947/8 46.70 20.82 20.78 0.95 11.6
1960-1965 50.52 18.94 21.20 1.68 15.1
1965-1970 52.98 19.10 21.90 1.99 16.3
1970-1975 53.53 20.50 22.13 2.5 17.0
1975-1980 54.27 20.62 19.84 3.3 18.4
1980-1985 56.29 21.29 20.32 4.09 19.7
1985-1990 57.87 23.97 20.78 4.79 20.5
1990-1995 58.04 24.49 21.17 5.7 21.9
1995-2000 59.12 24.51 21.90 6.37 22.8
2002/03 59.45 24.36 22.13 6.71 22.2
2007/08 57.25 22.70 22.03 7.92 23.5

5. Area under major crops, 1950-2008 (000 hectares)
Percentage
Sugar of total
Year a Wheat Rice cane Cotton cropped area
1950-1955 4,154.0 947.0 245.6 1275.8 -
1955-1960 4,736.6 1,078.8 365.4 1,393.2 -
1960-1965 4,896.2 1,214.2 447.6 1,375.4 52.59
1965-1970 5,591.8 1,426.6 559.0 1,635.6 56.58
1970-1975 6,017.4 1,514.6 597.6 1,860.2 58.62
1975-1980 6,272.0 1,797.6 747.0 1,916.4 58.20
1980-1985 7,174.4 1,984.2 859.8 2,177.7 61.96
1985-1990 7,418.2 1,986.6 833.0 2,459.6 62.26
1990-1995 8,058.6 2,099.0 927.4 2,758.0 63.32
1995-2000 8,306.6 2,333.8 1,029.8 3,002.4 66.21
2002/3 8,069.0 2,226.0 1,086.0 2,796.0 64.51
2007/08 8,414.0 2,515.0 1,241.0 3,054.0 65.08

6. Table 5.4
Production of major crops, 1950-2008 (000 tonnes)
Year a Wheat Rice Sugar cane Cotton (000 bales)
1950-1955 3,235.8 837.2 7,192.6 -
1955-1960 3,677.6 909.6 10318.6 -
1960-1965 4,016.4 1,107.8 14,247.8 1,995.8
1965-1970 5,175.6 1,512.6 20718.0 2,625.0
1970-1975 7,145.6 1,929.2 17,402.80 3,705.0
1975-1980 8,765.0 2,778.2 26743.0 3,094.0
1980-1985 11,330.6 3,292.8 32,651.60 4,926.6
1985-1990 12,947.2 3,232.2 31973.4 7,632.6
1990-1995 15,724.0 3,412.0 40901.6 9,648.4
1995-2000 18,238.0 4,487.0 48,371.0 9,837.0
2002/03 19,235.0 4,478.0 52,049.0 10,211.0
2007/08 21,749 5,563 63,920 11,655

7. Yield of major agriculture crops, 1950-2008(kg/hectare)
Year a Wheat Rice Sugar cane Maize Gram Cotton
1950-1955 776.6 878.4 29,180.0 - - 212
1955-1960 782.2 846.8 28240.0 - - 212
1960-1965 831.8 929.6 33,580.0 - - 254
1965-1970 977.0 1,507.6 37840.0 - - 289
1970-1975 1,251.0 1,549.0 35,508.0 1,160.0 544.0 346
1975-1980 1,454.0 1,569.0 37038.0 1,249.0 486.0 284
1980-1985 1,596.0 1,684.0 37,460.0 1,267.0 476.0 343
1985-1990 1,773.0 1,600.0 39,574.0 1,339.0 514.0 544
1990-1995 1,950.0 1,623.0 44,000.0 1,407.0 452.0 594
1995-2000 2,194.0 1,919.0 46,887.0 1,657.0 614.0 557
2002/03 2,384.0 2,012.0 47,927.0 1,812.0 615.0 621
2007/08 2585 2212 51507 3264 796 649

8. Area irrigated by different sources, 1950-2007 (m hectares
Year a Canals Tubewells Others Total
1950-1955 7.77 0.03 1.81 9.42
1955-1960 8.64 0.09 1.51 10.25
1960-1965 9.03 0.39 1.63 11.05
1965-1970 8.92 1.02 2.31 12.25
1970-1975 9.24 2.27 1.22 12.72
1975-1980 10.29 2.82 1.08 14.18
1980-1985 11.42 3.07 0.96 15.53
1985-1990 11.48 3.88 0.82 16.18
1990-1993 12.05 4.29 0.56 16.90
2001/02 14.05 3.48 0.51 18.04
2006/07 14.58 3.88 3.16 19.62

9. Per Capita Availability of Main Food Items,
1986-2002
Year Wheat Rice Meat Milk
112.11 20.22 12.15 56.86
1986/7 (100) (100) (100) (100)
115.18 16.36 13.90 60.93
1990/1 (103) (81) (114) (107)
122.46 10.55 16.51 66.07
1994/5 (109) (52) (136) (116)
131.45 20.78 14.23 82.40
1999/00 (177) (103) (117) (145)
118.51 13.97 14.45 83.14
2001/2 (106) (69) (119) (146)

10. Agriculture credit disbursed in Pakistan by agencies, 1955-2002 (Rs
m)
Co- Commercial
Year a ZTBLb Taccavic operatives banks Totald
1955-1960 7.4 12.3 32.0 - 51.6
1960-1965 40.3 15.9 72.1 - 128.3
1965-1970 89.6 11.9 59.1 - 160.7
1970-1975 230.4 21.8 72.5 297.7 503.5
1975-1980 546.0 13.9 241.8 1,192.7 1,994.3
1980-1985 2,446.8 8.5 1,332.4 2,981.2 6,768.7
1985-1990 7,422.5 17.5 2,221.9 4,899.2 14,566.1
1990-1995 8,375.4 - 2,788.1 3,827.1 15,023.2
1995-2000 19,795.0 - 4,710.0 6,426.0 30,933.0
2002/3 29,108.0 - 5,273.0 17,486.0 52,446.0
2007-08 39,561 -- 3,936 65,125 138,597

11. Agriculture credit disbursed advanced by ZTBL, 1980-2002 (Rs m)
Year Pakistan Punjab Sindh NWFP Balochistan
1980/1 1,058.97 741.21 257.05 45.21 15.50
1990/1 8,218.39 5,624.59 1679.00 722.59 490.80
1994/5 14,399.60 10,014.78 3048.68 712.95 623.20
2001/2 28,848.40 21,123.32 5864.90 1367.38 492.84

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