2. Medication orders
A physician usually determines the client’s
medication needs and orders medications,
although in some settings nurse
practitioners now order some drugs.
3. Types of medication orders
1. A stat order: indicates that medication is
to be given immediately and only once (eg.
Inj. Tramadol IV stat)
2.Single order or one time order:
medication to be given once at a specified
time (eg. Seconal 100 mg hs before surgery)
4. Types of medication orders
3. Standing order: it may or may not have a
termination date (eg. Cap becosule daily, inj.
Monocef bd X 7days).
4. prn order or as needed order: when a
client requires the medication (eg. Inj Emset
prn)
5. Parts of a drug order
Full name of the client
Date and time the order is written
Name of the drug to be administered
Dosage of the drug
Frequency of administration
Route of administration
Signature of the person writing the order
6. 3 cs (checks) for safe medication administration
1. First check: when taking the medication
from the medication cupboard.
2. Second check: while preparing the
medication
3. Third check: recheck the medication before
returning to its storage place.
Or
Before opening the medication package at
the bedside.
9. abbreviations
od: once a day (omni die)
bd: twice a day (Bis in die)
tds: thrice or three times a day (ter in die)
qid: four times a day( quarter in die)
q:every (Quaque)
q4: every 4 hourly
q6: every 6 hourly
q8: every 8 hourly
q12: every 12 hourly
hs: at bed time (hora somni)
sos: as and when required
Stat: at once (statim)
10. abbreviations
a.c. : Ante cibum: before meals
p.c.: post cibum:after meals
o.m. : omni mane: each morning
o.n. : omni note: each night
H.n. : hac nocte: tonight
c.m. : cras mane tomorrow morning
P.r.n.: pro re nata when required
S.o.s : si opus sit: if necessary in emergency
11. Vial & ampule
A vial is a glass bottle with a self-sealing
stopper through which the medication is
removed.
An ampule is a glass container usually
designed to hold a single dose of a drug.
29. Angle of needle insertionfor administering a intra muscular injection
30. Subcutaneous shots can be given straight in at a
90 degree angle, or at a 45 degree angle. Give
the shot straight in at a 90 degree angle if 2
inches of skin can be grasped between your
thumb and first (index) finger. If only 1 inch of
skin can be grasped, give the shot at a 45 degree
angle.
31. Angle of needle insertionfor administering a subcutaneous injection
33. Angle of needle insertionfor administering a intra-venous injection
20 to 25 degree
34. Process of administering medications
1 • Identify the client
2 • Inform the client
3 • Administer the drug
4
• Provide adjunctive interventions as
indicated
5 • Record the drug administered.
6
• Evaluate the client’s response to the
drug.